World Economic Outlook Archives
World Economic Outlook Archives
| World Economic Outlook: Tensions from the Two-Speed Recovery—Unemployment, Commodities, and Capital Flows | April 2011 |
| World Economic Outlook: Slowing Growth, Rising Risks | September 2011 |
| World Economic Outlook: Growth Resuming, Dangers Remain | April 2012 |
| World Economic Outlook: Coping with High Debt and Sluggish Growth | October 2012 |
| World Economic Outlook: Hopes, Realities, Risks | April 2013 |
| World Economic Outlook: Transitions and Tensions | October 2013 |
| World Economic Outlook: Recovery Strengthens, Remains Uneven | April 2014 |
| World Economic Outlook: Legacies, Clouds, Uncertainties | October 2014 |
| World Economic Outlook: Uneven Growth—Short- and Long-Term Factors | April 2015 |
| World Economic Outlook: Adjusting to Lower Commodity Prices | October 2015 |
| World Economic Outlook: Too Slow for Too Long | April 2016 |
| World Economic Outlook: Subdued Demand—Symptoms and Remedies | October 2016 |
| World Economic Outlook: Gaining Momentum? | April 2017 |
| World Economic Outlook: Seeking Sustainable Growth: Short-Term Recovery, Long-Term Challenges | October 2017 |
| World Economic Outlook: Cyclical Upswing, Structural Change | April 2018 |
| World Economic Outlook: Challenges to Steady Growth | October 2018 |
| World Economic Outlook: Growth Slowdown, Precarious Recovery | April 2019 |
| World Economic Outlook: Global Manufacturing Downturn, Rising Trade Barriers | October 2019 |
| World Economic Outlook: The Great Lockdown | April 2020 |
| World Economic Outlook: A Long and Difficult Ascent | October 2020 |
| World Economic Outlook: Managing Divergent Recoveries | April 2021 |
| World Economic Outlook: Uncharted Territory: Recovery during a Pandemic | October 2021 |
| World Economic Outlook: War Sets Back the Global Recovery | April 2022 |
| World Economic Outlook: Countering the Cost-of-Living Crisis | October 2022 |
World Economic Outlook Archives
| World Economic Outlook: Tensions from the Two-Speed Recovery—Unemployment, Commodities, and Capital Flows | April 2011 |
| World Economic Outlook: Slowing Growth, Rising Risks | September 2011 |
| World Economic Outlook: Growth Resuming, Dangers Remain | April 2012 |
| World Economic Outlook: Coping with High Debt and Sluggish Growth | October 2012 |
| World Economic Outlook: Hopes, Realities, Risks | April 2013 |
| World Economic Outlook: Transitions and Tensions | October 2013 |
| World Economic Outlook: Recovery Strengthens, Remains Uneven | April 2014 |
| World Economic Outlook: Legacies, Clouds, Uncertainties | October 2014 |
| World Economic Outlook: Uneven Growth—Short- and Long-Term Factors | April 2015 |
| World Economic Outlook: Adjusting to Lower Commodity Prices | October 2015 |
| World Economic Outlook: Too Slow for Too Long | April 2016 |
| World Economic Outlook: Subdued Demand—Symptoms and Remedies | October 2016 |
| World Economic Outlook: Gaining Momentum? | April 2017 |
| World Economic Outlook: Seeking Sustainable Growth: Short-Term Recovery, Long-Term Challenges | October 2017 |
| World Economic Outlook: Cyclical Upswing, Structural Change | April 2018 |
| World Economic Outlook: Challenges to Steady Growth | October 2018 |
| World Economic Outlook: Growth Slowdown, Precarious Recovery | April 2019 |
| World Economic Outlook: Global Manufacturing Downturn, Rising Trade Barriers | October 2019 |
| World Economic Outlook: The Great Lockdown | April 2020 |
| World Economic Outlook: A Long and Difficult Ascent | October 2020 |
| World Economic Outlook: Managing Divergent Recoveries | April 2021 |
| World Economic Outlook: Uncharted Territory: Recovery during a Pandemic | October 2021 |
| World Economic Outlook: War Sets Back the Global Recovery | April 2022 |
| World Economic Outlook: Countering the Cost-of-Living Crisis | October 2022 |
I. Methodology—Aggregation, Modeling, and Forecasting
I. Methodology—Aggregation, Modeling, and Forecasting
| World Economic Outlook Downside Scenarios | April 2011, Box 1.2 |
| Fiscal Balance Sheets: The Significance of Nonfinancial Assets and Tier Measurement | October 2014, Box 3.3 |
| Tariff Scenarios | October 2016, Scenario Box |
| World Growth Projections over the Medium Term | October 2016, Box 1.1 |
| Global Growth Forecast: Assumptions on Policies, Financial Conditions, and Commodity Prices | April 2019, Box 1.2 |
| On the Underlying Source of Changes in Capital Goods Prices: A Model-Based Analysis | April 2019, Box 3.3 |
| Global Growth Forecast: Assumptions on Policies, Financial Conditions, and Commodity Prices | October 2019, Box 1.3 |
| Alternative Evolutions in the Fight against COVID-19 | April 2020, Scenario Box |
| Alternative Scenarios | October 2020, Scenario Box |
| Revised World Economic Outlook Purchasing-Power-Parity Weights | October 2020, Box 1.1 |
| Scenario Box | April 2021 |
| Downside Scenarios | October 2021, Scenario Box |
| Scenario Box | April 2022, Scenario Box |
| Risk Assessment around the World Economic Outlook Baseline Projection | October 2022, Box 1.3 |
I. Methodology—Aggregation, Modeling, and Forecasting
| World Economic Outlook Downside Scenarios | April 2011, Box 1.2 |
| Fiscal Balance Sheets: The Significance of Nonfinancial Assets and Tier Measurement | October 2014, Box 3.3 |
| Tariff Scenarios | October 2016, Scenario Box |
| World Growth Projections over the Medium Term | October 2016, Box 1.1 |
| Global Growth Forecast: Assumptions on Policies, Financial Conditions, and Commodity Prices | April 2019, Box 1.2 |
| On the Underlying Source of Changes in Capital Goods Prices: A Model-Based Analysis | April 2019, Box 3.3 |
| Global Growth Forecast: Assumptions on Policies, Financial Conditions, and Commodity Prices | October 2019, Box 1.3 |
| Alternative Evolutions in the Fight against COVID-19 | April 2020, Scenario Box |
| Alternative Scenarios | October 2020, Scenario Box |
| Revised World Economic Outlook Purchasing-Power-Parity Weights | October 2020, Box 1.1 |
| Scenario Box | April 2021 |
| Downside Scenarios | October 2021, Scenario Box |
| Scenario Box | April 2022, Scenario Box |
| Risk Assessment around the World Economic Outlook Baseline Projection | October 2022, Box 1.3 |
II. Historical Surveys
II. Historical Surveys
| The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly: 100 Years of Dealing with Public Debt Overhangs | October 2012, Chapter 3 |
| What Is the Effect of Recessions? | October 2015, Box 1.1 |
II. Historical Surveys
| The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly: 100 Years of Dealing with Public Debt Overhangs | October 2012, Chapter 3 |
| What Is the Effect of Recessions? | October 2015, Box 1.1 |
III. Economic Growth—Sources and Patterns
III. Economic Growth—Sources and Patterns
| The Global Recovery: Where Do We Stand? | April 2012, Box 1.2 |
| How Does Uncertainty Affect Economic Performance? | October 2012, Box 1.3 |
| Resilience in Emerging Market and Developing Economies: Will It Last? | October 2012, Chapter 4 |
| Jobs and Growth: Can’t Have One without the Other? | October 2012, Box 4.1 |
| Spillovers from Policy Uncertainty in the United States and Europe | April 2013, Chapter 2, Spillover Feature |
| Breaking through the Frontier: Can Today’s Dynamic Low-Income Countries Make It? | April 2013, Chapter 4 |
| What Explains the Slowdown in the BRICS? | October 2013, Box 1.2 |
| Dancing Together? Spillovers, Common Shocks, and the Role of Financial and Trade Linkages | October 2013, Chapter 3 |
| Output Synchronicity in the Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan, and Pakistan and in the Caucasus and Central Asia | October 2013, Box 3.1 |
| Spillovers from Changes in U.S. Monetary Policy | October 2013, Box 3.2 |
| Saving and Economic Growth | April 2014, Box 3.1 |
| On the Receiving End? External Conditions and Emerging Market Growth before, during, and after the Global Financial Crisis | April 2014, Chapter 4 |
| The Impact of External Conditions on Medium-Term Growth in Emerging Market Economies | April 2014, Box 4.1 |
| The Origins of IMF Growth Forecast Revisions since 2011 | October 2014, Box 1.2 |
| Underlying Drivers of U.S. Yields Matter for Spillovers | October 2014, Chapter 2, Spillover Feature |
| Is It Time for an Infrastructure Push? The Macroeconomic Effects of Public Investment | October 2014, Chapter 3 |
| The Macroeconomic Effects of Scaling Up Public Investment in Developing Economies | October 2014, Box 3.4 |
| Where Are We Headed? Perspectives on Potential Output | April 2015, Chapter 3 |
| Steady as She Goes—Estimating Sustainable Output | April 2015, Box 3.1 |
| Macroeconomic Developments and Outlook in Low-Income Developing Countries— The Role of External Factors | April 2016, Box 1.2 |
| Time for a Supply-Side Boost? Macroeconomic Effects of Labor and Product Market Reforms in Advanced Economies | April 2016, Chapter 3 |
| Road Less Traveled: Growth in Emerging Market and Developing Economies in a Complicated External Environment | April 2017, Chapter 3 |
| Growing with Flows: Evidence from Industry-Level Data | April 2017, Box 2.2 |
| Emerging Market and Developing Economy Growth: Heterogeneity and Income Convergence over the Forecast Horizon | October 2017, Box 1.3 |
| Manufacturing Jobs: Implications for Productivity and Inequality | April 2018, Chapter 3 |
| Is Productivity Growth Shared in a Globalized Economy? | April 2018, Chapter 4 |
| Recent Dynamics of Potential Growth | April 2018, Box 1.3 |
| Growth Outlook: Advanced Economies | October 2018, Box 1.2 |
| Growth Outlook: Emerging Market and Developing Economies | October 2018, Box 1.3 |
| The Global Recovery 10 Years after the 2008 Financial Meltdown | October 2018, Chapter 2 |
| The Plucking Theory of the Business Cycle | October 2019, Box 1.4 |
| Reigniting Growth in Low-Income and Emerging Market Economies: What Role Can Structural Reforms Play? | October 2019, Chapter 3 |
| Countering Future Recessions in Advanced Economies: Cyclical Policies in an Era of Low Rates and High Debt | April 2020, Chapter 2 |
| The Great Lockdown: Dissecting the Economic Effects | October 2020, Chapter 2 |
| An Overview of the Literature on the Economic Impact of Lockdowns | October 2020, Box 2.1 |
| Global Manufacturing: V-Shaped Recovery and Implications for the Global Outlook | April 2021, Box 1.1 |
| After-Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Prospects for Medium-Term Economic Damage | April 2021, Chapter 2 |
| A Perfect Storm Hits the Hotel and Restaurant Sector | April 2021, Box 2.1 |
| Research and Innovation: Fighting the Pandemic and Boosting Long-Term Growth | October 2021, Chapter 3 |
III. Economic Growth—Sources and Patterns
| The Global Recovery: Where Do We Stand? | April 2012, Box 1.2 |
| How Does Uncertainty Affect Economic Performance? | October 2012, Box 1.3 |
| Resilience in Emerging Market and Developing Economies: Will It Last? | October 2012, Chapter 4 |
| Jobs and Growth: Can’t Have One without the Other? | October 2012, Box 4.1 |
| Spillovers from Policy Uncertainty in the United States and Europe | April 2013, Chapter 2, Spillover Feature |
| Breaking through the Frontier: Can Today’s Dynamic Low-Income Countries Make It? | April 2013, Chapter 4 |
| What Explains the Slowdown in the BRICS? | October 2013, Box 1.2 |
| Dancing Together? Spillovers, Common Shocks, and the Role of Financial and Trade Linkages | October 2013, Chapter 3 |
| Output Synchronicity in the Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan, and Pakistan and in the Caucasus and Central Asia | October 2013, Box 3.1 |
| Spillovers from Changes in U.S. Monetary Policy | October 2013, Box 3.2 |
| Saving and Economic Growth | April 2014, Box 3.1 |
| On the Receiving End? External Conditions and Emerging Market Growth before, during, and after the Global Financial Crisis | April 2014, Chapter 4 |
| The Impact of External Conditions on Medium-Term Growth in Emerging Market Economies | April 2014, Box 4.1 |
| The Origins of IMF Growth Forecast Revisions since 2011 | October 2014, Box 1.2 |
| Underlying Drivers of U.S. Yields Matter for Spillovers | October 2014, Chapter 2, Spillover Feature |
| Is It Time for an Infrastructure Push? The Macroeconomic Effects of Public Investment | October 2014, Chapter 3 |
| The Macroeconomic Effects of Scaling Up Public Investment in Developing Economies | October 2014, Box 3.4 |
| Where Are We Headed? Perspectives on Potential Output | April 2015, Chapter 3 |
| Steady as She Goes—Estimating Sustainable Output | April 2015, Box 3.1 |
| Macroeconomic Developments and Outlook in Low-Income Developing Countries— The Role of External Factors | April 2016, Box 1.2 |
| Time for a Supply-Side Boost? Macroeconomic Effects of Labor and Product Market Reforms in Advanced Economies | April 2016, Chapter 3 |
| Road Less Traveled: Growth in Emerging Market and Developing Economies in a Complicated External Environment | April 2017, Chapter 3 |
| Growing with Flows: Evidence from Industry-Level Data | April 2017, Box 2.2 |
| Emerging Market and Developing Economy Growth: Heterogeneity and Income Convergence over the Forecast Horizon | October 2017, Box 1.3 |
| Manufacturing Jobs: Implications for Productivity and Inequality | April 2018, Chapter 3 |
| Is Productivity Growth Shared in a Globalized Economy? | April 2018, Chapter 4 |
| Recent Dynamics of Potential Growth | April 2018, Box 1.3 |
| Growth Outlook: Advanced Economies | October 2018, Box 1.2 |
| Growth Outlook: Emerging Market and Developing Economies | October 2018, Box 1.3 |
| The Global Recovery 10 Years after the 2008 Financial Meltdown | October 2018, Chapter 2 |
| The Plucking Theory of the Business Cycle | October 2019, Box 1.4 |
| Reigniting Growth in Low-Income and Emerging Market Economies: What Role Can Structural Reforms Play? | October 2019, Chapter 3 |
| Countering Future Recessions in Advanced Economies: Cyclical Policies in an Era of Low Rates and High Debt | April 2020, Chapter 2 |
| The Great Lockdown: Dissecting the Economic Effects | October 2020, Chapter 2 |
| An Overview of the Literature on the Economic Impact of Lockdowns | October 2020, Box 2.1 |
| Global Manufacturing: V-Shaped Recovery and Implications for the Global Outlook | April 2021, Box 1.1 |
| After-Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Prospects for Medium-Term Economic Damage | April 2021, Chapter 2 |
| A Perfect Storm Hits the Hotel and Restaurant Sector | April 2021, Box 2.1 |
| Research and Innovation: Fighting the Pandemic and Boosting Long-Term Growth | October 2021, Chapter 3 |
IV. Inflation and Deflation and Commodity Markets
IV. Inflation and Deflation and Commodity Markets
| Commodity Market Developments and Prospects | April 2011, Appendix 1.2 |
| Oil Scarcity, Growth, and Global Imbalances | April 2011, Chapter 3 |
| Life Cycle Constraints on Global Oil Production | April 2011, Box 3.1 |
| Unconventional Natural Gas: A Game Changer? | April 2011, Box 3.2 |
| Short-Term Effects of Oil Shocks on Economic Activity | April 2011, Box 3.3 |
| Low-Frequency Filtering for Extracting Business Cycle Trends | April 2011, Appendix 3.1 |
| The Energy and Oil Empirical Models | April 2011, Appendix 3.2 |
| Commodity Market Developments and Prospects | September 2011, Appendix 1.1 |
| Financial Investment, Speculation, and Commodity Prices | September 2011, Box 1.4 |
| Target What You Can Hit: Commodity Price Swings and Monetary Policy | September 2011, Chapter 3 |
| Commodity Market Review | April 2012, Chapter 1, Special Feature |
| Commodity Price Swings and Commodity Exporters | April 2012, Chapter 4 |
| Macroeconomic Effects of Commodity Price Shocks on Low-Income Countries | April 2012, Box 4.1 |
| Volatile Commodity Prices and the Development Challenge in Low-Income Countries | April 2012, Box 4.2 |
| Commodity Market Review | October 2012, Chapter 1, Special Feature |
| Unconventional Energy in the United States | October 2012, Box 1.4 |
| Food Supply Crunch: Who Is Most Vulnerable? | October 2012, Box 1.5 |
| Commodity Market Review | April 2013, Chapter 1, Special Feature |
| The Dog That Didn’t Bark: Has Inflation Been Muzzled or Was It Just Sleeping? | April 2013, Chapter 3 |
| Does Inflation Targeting Still Make Sense with a Flatter Phillips Curve? | April 2013, Box 3.1 |
| Commodity Market Review | October 2013, Chapter 1, Special Feature |
| Energy Booms and the Current Account: Cross-Country Experience | October 2013, Box 1.SF.1 |
| Oil Price Drivers and the Narrowing WTI-Brent Spread | October 2013, Box 1.SF.2 |
| Anchoring Inflation Expectations When Inflation Is Undershooting | April 2014, Box 1.3 |
| Commodity Prices and Forecasts | April 2014, Chapter 1, Special Feature |
| Commodity Market Developments and Forecasts, with a Focus on Natural Gas in the World Economy | October 2014, Chapter 1, Special Feature |
| Commodity Market Developments and Forecasts, with a Focus on Investment in an Era of Low Oil Prices | April 2015, Chapter 1, Special Feature |
| The Oil Price Collapse: Demand or Supply? | April 2015, Box 1.1 |
| Commodity Market Developments and Forecasts, with a Focus on Metals in the World Economy | October 2015, Chapter 1, Special Feature |
| The New Frontiers of Metal Extraction: The North-to-South Shift | October 2015, Chapter 1, Special Feature Box 1.SF.1 |
| Where Are Commodity Exporters Headed? Output Growth in the Aftermath of the Commodity Boom | October 2015, Chapter 2 |
| The Not-So-Sick Patient: Commodity Booms and the Dutch Disease Phenomenon | October 2015, Box 2.1 |
| Do Commodity Exporters’ Economies Overheat during Commodity Booms? | October 2015, Box 2.4 |
| Commodity Market Developments and Forecasts, with a Focus on the Energy Transition in an Era of Low Fossil Fuel Prices | April 2016, Chapter 1, Special Feature |
| Global Disinflation in an Era of Constrained Monetary Policy | October 2016, Chapter 3 |
| Commodity Market Developments and Forecasts, with a Focus on Food Security and Markets in the World Economy | October 2016, Chapter 1, Special Feature |
| How Much Do Global Prices Matter for Food Inflation? | October 2016, Box 3.3 |
| Commodity Market Developments and Forecasts, with a Focus on the Role of Technology and Unconventional Sources in the Global Oil Market | April 2017, Chapter 1, Special Feature |
| Commodity Market Developments and Forecasts | October 2017, Chapter 1, Special Feature |
| Commodity Market Developments and Forecasts | April 2018, Chapter 1, Special Feature |
| What Has Held Core Inflation Back in Advanced Economies? | April 2018, Box 1.2 |
| The Role of Metals in the Economics of Electric Vehicles | April 2018, Box 1.SF.1 |
| Inflation Outlook: Regions and Countries | October 2018, Box 1.4 |
| Commodity Market Developments and Forecasts, with a Focus on Recent Trends in Energy Demand | October 2018, Chapter 1, Special Feature |
| The Demand and Supply of Renewable Energy | October 2018, Box 1.SF.1 |
| Challenges for Monetary Policy in Emerging Markets as Global Financial Conditions Normalize | October 2018, Chapter 3 |
| Inflation Dynamics in a Wider Group of Emerging Market and Developing Economies | October 2018, Box 3.1 |
| Commodity Special Feature | April 2019, Chapter 1, Special Feature |
| Commodity Market Developments and Forecasts | October 2019, Chapter 1, Special Feature |
| Commodity Market Developments and Forecasts | April 2020, Chapter 1, Special Feature |
| Commodity Market Developments and Forecasts | October 2020, Chapter 1, Special Feature |
| What Is Happening with Global Carbon Emissions in 2019? | October 2020, Chapter 1, Special Feature Box 1.SF.1 |
| Commodity Market Developments and Forecasts | April 2021, Chapter 1, Special Feature |
| House Prices and Consumer Price Inflation | October 2021, Box 1.1 |
| Commodity Market Developments and Forecasts | October 2021, Chapter 1, Special Feature |
| Inflation Scares | October 2021, Chapter 2 |
| Core Inflation in the COVID-19 Crisis | October 2021, Box 2.2 |
| Market Developments and the Pace of Fossil Fuel Divestment | April 2022, Special Feature |
| Dissecting Recent WEO Inflation Forecast Errors | October 2022, Box 1.1 |
| Market Power and Inflation during COVID-19 | October 2022, Box 1.2 |
| Commodity Market Developments and Food Inflation Drivers | October 2022, Special Feature |
IV. Inflation and Deflation and Commodity Markets
| Commodity Market Developments and Prospects | April 2011, Appendix 1.2 |
| Oil Scarcity, Growth, and Global Imbalances | April 2011, Chapter 3 |
| Life Cycle Constraints on Global Oil Production | April 2011, Box 3.1 |
| Unconventional Natural Gas: A Game Changer? | April 2011, Box 3.2 |
| Short-Term Effects of Oil Shocks on Economic Activity | April 2011, Box 3.3 |
| Low-Frequency Filtering for Extracting Business Cycle Trends | April 2011, Appendix 3.1 |
| The Energy and Oil Empirical Models | April 2011, Appendix 3.2 |
| Commodity Market Developments and Prospects | September 2011, Appendix 1.1 |
| Financial Investment, Speculation, and Commodity Prices | September 2011, Box 1.4 |
| Target What You Can Hit: Commodity Price Swings and Monetary Policy | September 2011, Chapter 3 |
| Commodity Market Review | April 2012, Chapter 1, Special Feature |
| Commodity Price Swings and Commodity Exporters | April 2012, Chapter 4 |
| Macroeconomic Effects of Commodity Price Shocks on Low-Income Countries | April 2012, Box 4.1 |
| Volatile Commodity Prices and the Development Challenge in Low-Income Countries | April 2012, Box 4.2 |
| Commodity Market Review | October 2012, Chapter 1, Special Feature |
| Unconventional Energy in the United States | October 2012, Box 1.4 |
| Food Supply Crunch: Who Is Most Vulnerable? | October 2012, Box 1.5 |
| Commodity Market Review | April 2013, Chapter 1, Special Feature |
| The Dog That Didn’t Bark: Has Inflation Been Muzzled or Was It Just Sleeping? | April 2013, Chapter 3 |
| Does Inflation Targeting Still Make Sense with a Flatter Phillips Curve? | April 2013, Box 3.1 |
| Commodity Market Review | October 2013, Chapter 1, Special Feature |
| Energy Booms and the Current Account: Cross-Country Experience | October 2013, Box 1.SF.1 |
| Oil Price Drivers and the Narrowing WTI-Brent Spread | October 2013, Box 1.SF.2 |
| Anchoring Inflation Expectations When Inflation Is Undershooting | April 2014, Box 1.3 |
| Commodity Prices and Forecasts | April 2014, Chapter 1, Special Feature |
| Commodity Market Developments and Forecasts, with a Focus on Natural Gas in the World Economy | October 2014, Chapter 1, Special Feature |
| Commodity Market Developments and Forecasts, with a Focus on Investment in an Era of Low Oil Prices | April 2015, Chapter 1, Special Feature |
| The Oil Price Collapse: Demand or Supply? | April 2015, Box 1.1 |
| Commodity Market Developments and Forecasts, with a Focus on Metals in the World Economy | October 2015, Chapter 1, Special Feature |
| The New Frontiers of Metal Extraction: The North-to-South Shift | October 2015, Chapter 1, Special Feature Box 1.SF.1 |
| Where Are Commodity Exporters Headed? Output Growth in the Aftermath of the Commodity Boom | October 2015, Chapter 2 |
| The Not-So-Sick Patient: Commodity Booms and the Dutch Disease Phenomenon | October 2015, Box 2.1 |
| Do Commodity Exporters’ Economies Overheat during Commodity Booms? | October 2015, Box 2.4 |
| Commodity Market Developments and Forecasts, with a Focus on the Energy Transition in an Era of Low Fossil Fuel Prices | April 2016, Chapter 1, Special Feature |
| Global Disinflation in an Era of Constrained Monetary Policy | October 2016, Chapter 3 |
| Commodity Market Developments and Forecasts, with a Focus on Food Security and Markets in the World Economy | October 2016, Chapter 1, Special Feature |
| How Much Do Global Prices Matter for Food Inflation? | October 2016, Box 3.3 |
| Commodity Market Developments and Forecasts, with a Focus on the Role of Technology and Unconventional Sources in the Global Oil Market | April 2017, Chapter 1, Special Feature |
| Commodity Market Developments and Forecasts | October 2017, Chapter 1, Special Feature |
| Commodity Market Developments and Forecasts | April 2018, Chapter 1, Special Feature |
| What Has Held Core Inflation Back in Advanced Economies? | April 2018, Box 1.2 |
| The Role of Metals in the Economics of Electric Vehicles | April 2018, Box 1.SF.1 |
| Inflation Outlook: Regions and Countries | October 2018, Box 1.4 |
| Commodity Market Developments and Forecasts, with a Focus on Recent Trends in Energy Demand | October 2018, Chapter 1, Special Feature |
| The Demand and Supply of Renewable Energy | October 2018, Box 1.SF.1 |
| Challenges for Monetary Policy in Emerging Markets as Global Financial Conditions Normalize | October 2018, Chapter 3 |
| Inflation Dynamics in a Wider Group of Emerging Market and Developing Economies | October 2018, Box 3.1 |
| Commodity Special Feature | April 2019, Chapter 1, Special Feature |
| Commodity Market Developments and Forecasts | October 2019, Chapter 1, Special Feature |
| Commodity Market Developments and Forecasts | April 2020, Chapter 1, Special Feature |
| Commodity Market Developments and Forecasts | October 2020, Chapter 1, Special Feature |
| What Is Happening with Global Carbon Emissions in 2019? | October 2020, Chapter 1, Special Feature Box 1.SF.1 |
| Commodity Market Developments and Forecasts | April 2021, Chapter 1, Special Feature |
| House Prices and Consumer Price Inflation | October 2021, Box 1.1 |
| Commodity Market Developments and Forecasts | October 2021, Chapter 1, Special Feature |
| Inflation Scares | October 2021, Chapter 2 |
| Core Inflation in the COVID-19 Crisis | October 2021, Box 2.2 |
| Market Developments and the Pace of Fossil Fuel Divestment | April 2022, Special Feature |
| Dissecting Recent WEO Inflation Forecast Errors | October 2022, Box 1.1 |
| Market Power and Inflation during COVID-19 | October 2022, Box 1.2 |
| Commodity Market Developments and Food Inflation Drivers | October 2022, Special Feature |
V. Fiscal Policy
V. Fiscal Policy
| Separated at Birth? The Twin Budget and Trade Balances | September 2011, Chapter 4 |
| Are We Underestimating Short-Term Fiscal Multipliers? | October 2012, Box 1.1 |
| The Implications of High Public Debt in Advanced Economies | October 2012, Box 1.2 |
| The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly: 100 Years of Dealing with Public Debt Overhangs | October 2012, Chapter 3 |
| The Great Divergence of Policies | April 2013, Box 1.1 |
| Public Debt Overhang and Private Sector Performance | April 2013, Box 1.2 |
| Is It Time for an Infrastructure Push? The Macroeconomic Effects of Public Investment | October 2014, Chapter 3 |
| Improving the Efficiency of Public Investment | October 2014, Box 3.2 |
| The Macroeconomic Effects of Scaling Up Public Investment in Developing Economies | October 2014, Box 3.4 |
| Fiscal Institutions, Rules, and Public Investment | October 2014, Box 3.5 |
| Commodity Booms and Public Investment | October 2015, Box 2.2 |
| Cross-Border Impacts of Fiscal Policy: Still Relevant | October 2017, Chapter 4 |
| The Spillover Impact of U.S. Government Spending Shocks on External Positions | October 2017, Box 4.1 |
| Macroeconomic Impact of Corporate Tax Policy Changes | April 2018, Box 1.5 |
| Place-Based Policies: Rethinking Fiscal Policies to Tackle Inequalities within Countries | October 2019, Box 2.4 |
V. Fiscal Policy
| Separated at Birth? The Twin Budget and Trade Balances | September 2011, Chapter 4 |
| Are We Underestimating Short-Term Fiscal Multipliers? | October 2012, Box 1.1 |
| The Implications of High Public Debt in Advanced Economies | October 2012, Box 1.2 |
| The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly: 100 Years of Dealing with Public Debt Overhangs | October 2012, Chapter 3 |
| The Great Divergence of Policies | April 2013, Box 1.1 |
| Public Debt Overhang and Private Sector Performance | April 2013, Box 1.2 |
| Is It Time for an Infrastructure Push? The Macroeconomic Effects of Public Investment | October 2014, Chapter 3 |
| Improving the Efficiency of Public Investment | October 2014, Box 3.2 |
| The Macroeconomic Effects of Scaling Up Public Investment in Developing Economies | October 2014, Box 3.4 |
| Fiscal Institutions, Rules, and Public Investment | October 2014, Box 3.5 |
| Commodity Booms and Public Investment | October 2015, Box 2.2 |
| Cross-Border Impacts of Fiscal Policy: Still Relevant | October 2017, Chapter 4 |
| The Spillover Impact of U.S. Government Spending Shocks on External Positions | October 2017, Box 4.1 |
| Macroeconomic Impact of Corporate Tax Policy Changes | April 2018, Box 1.5 |
| Place-Based Policies: Rethinking Fiscal Policies to Tackle Inequalities within Countries | October 2019, Box 2.4 |
VI. Monetary Policy, Financial Markets, and Flow of Funds
VI. Monetary Policy, Financial Markets, and Flow of Funds
| Financial Conditions Indices | April 2011, Appendix 1.1 |
| House Price Busts in Advanced Economies: Repercussions for Global Financial Markets | April 2011, Box 1.1 |
| International Spillovers and Macroeconomic Policymaking | April 2011, Box 1.3 |
| Credit Boom-Bust Cycles: Their Triggers and Policy Implications | September 2011, Box 1.2 |
| Are Equity Price Drops Harbingers of Recession? | September 2011, Box 1.3 |
| Cross-Border Spillovers from Euro Area Bank Deleveraging | April 2012, Chapter 2, Spillover Feature |
| The Financial Transmission of Stress in the Global Economy | October 2012, Chapter 2, Spillover Feature |
| The Great Divergence of Policies | April 2013, Box 1.1 |
| Taper Talks: What to Expect When the United States Is Tightening | October 2013, Box 1.1 |
| Credit Supply and Economic Growth | April 2014, Box 1.1 |
| Should Advanced Economies Worry about Growth Shocks in Emerging Market Economies? | April 2014, Chapter 2, Spillover Feature |
| Perspectives on Global Real Interest Rates | April 2014, Chapter 3 |
| Housing Markets across the Globe: An Update | October 2014, Box 1.1 |
| U.S. Monetary Policy and Capital Flows to Emerging Markets | April 2016, Box 2.2 |
| A Transparent Risk-Management Approach to Monetary Policy | October 2016, Box 3.5 |
| Will the Revival in Capital Flows to Emerging Markets Be Sustained? | October 2017, Box 1.2 |
| The Role of Financial Sector Repair in the Speed of the Recovery | October 2018, Box 2.3 |
| Clarity of Central Bank Communications and the Extent of Anchoring of Inflation Expectations | October 2018, Box 3.2 |
| Can Negative Policy Rates Stimulate the Economy? | April 2020, Box 2.1 |
| Dampening Global Financial Shocks in Emerging Markets: Can Macroprudential Regulation Help? | April 2020, Chapter 3 |
| Macroprudential Policies and Credit: A Meta-Analysis of the Empirical Findings | April 2020, Box 3.1 |
| Do Emerging Markets Adjust Macroprudential Regulation in Response to Global Financial Shocks? | April 2020, Box 3.2 |
| Rising Small and Medium-Sized Enterprise Bankruptcy and Insolvency Risks: Assessment and Policy Options | April 2020, Box 1.3 |
| Shifting Gears: Monetary Policy Spillovers during the Recovery from COVID-19 | April 2021, Chapter 4 |
| Emerging Market Asset Purchase Programs: Rationale and Effectiveness | April 2021, Box 4.1 |
| Monetary Expansions and Inflationary Risks | October 2021, Box 1.3 |
| Policy Responses and Expectations in Inflation Acceleration Episodes | October 2021, Box 2.3 |
| Determinants of Neutral Interest Rates and Uncertain Prospects | April 2022, Box 1.2 |
| Private Sector Debt and the Global Recovery | April 2022, Chapter 2 |
| Rising Household Indebtedness, the Global Saving Glut of the Rich, and the Natural Interest Rate | April 2022, Box 2.2 |
VI. Monetary Policy, Financial Markets, and Flow of Funds
| Financial Conditions Indices | April 2011, Appendix 1.1 |
| House Price Busts in Advanced Economies: Repercussions for Global Financial Markets | April 2011, Box 1.1 |
| International Spillovers and Macroeconomic Policymaking | April 2011, Box 1.3 |
| Credit Boom-Bust Cycles: Their Triggers and Policy Implications | September 2011, Box 1.2 |
| Are Equity Price Drops Harbingers of Recession? | September 2011, Box 1.3 |
| Cross-Border Spillovers from Euro Area Bank Deleveraging | April 2012, Chapter 2, Spillover Feature |
| The Financial Transmission of Stress in the Global Economy | October 2012, Chapter 2, Spillover Feature |
| The Great Divergence of Policies | April 2013, Box 1.1 |
| Taper Talks: What to Expect When the United States Is Tightening | October 2013, Box 1.1 |
| Credit Supply and Economic Growth | April 2014, Box 1.1 |
| Should Advanced Economies Worry about Growth Shocks in Emerging Market Economies? | April 2014, Chapter 2, Spillover Feature |
| Perspectives on Global Real Interest Rates | April 2014, Chapter 3 |
| Housing Markets across the Globe: An Update | October 2014, Box 1.1 |
| U.S. Monetary Policy and Capital Flows to Emerging Markets | April 2016, Box 2.2 |
| A Transparent Risk-Management Approach to Monetary Policy | October 2016, Box 3.5 |
| Will the Revival in Capital Flows to Emerging Markets Be Sustained? | October 2017, Box 1.2 |
| The Role of Financial Sector Repair in the Speed of the Recovery | October 2018, Box 2.3 |
| Clarity of Central Bank Communications and the Extent of Anchoring of Inflation Expectations | October 2018, Box 3.2 |
| Can Negative Policy Rates Stimulate the Economy? | April 2020, Box 2.1 |
| Dampening Global Financial Shocks in Emerging Markets: Can Macroprudential Regulation Help? | April 2020, Chapter 3 |
| Macroprudential Policies and Credit: A Meta-Analysis of the Empirical Findings | April 2020, Box 3.1 |
| Do Emerging Markets Adjust Macroprudential Regulation in Response to Global Financial Shocks? | April 2020, Box 3.2 |
| Rising Small and Medium-Sized Enterprise Bankruptcy and Insolvency Risks: Assessment and Policy Options | April 2020, Box 1.3 |
| Shifting Gears: Monetary Policy Spillovers during the Recovery from COVID-19 | April 2021, Chapter 4 |
| Emerging Market Asset Purchase Programs: Rationale and Effectiveness | April 2021, Box 4.1 |
| Monetary Expansions and Inflationary Risks | October 2021, Box 1.3 |
| Policy Responses and Expectations in Inflation Acceleration Episodes | October 2021, Box 2.3 |
| Determinants of Neutral Interest Rates and Uncertain Prospects | April 2022, Box 1.2 |
| Private Sector Debt and the Global Recovery | April 2022, Chapter 2 |
| Rising Household Indebtedness, the Global Saving Glut of the Rich, and the Natural Interest Rate | April 2022, Box 2.2 |
VII. Labor Markets, Poverty, and Inequality
VII. Labor Markets, Poverty, and Inequality
| Slow Recovery to Nowhere? A Sectoral View of Labor Markets in Advanced Economies | September 2011, Box 1.1 |
| The Labor Share in Europe and the United States during and after the Great Recession | April 2012, Box 1.1 |
| Jobs and Growth: Can’t Have One without the Other? | October 2012, Box 4.1 |
| Reforming Collective-Bargaining Systems to Achieve High and Stable Employment | April 2016, Box 3.2 |
| Understanding the Downward Trend in Labor Shares | April 2017, Chapter 3 |
| Labor Force Participation Rates in Advanced Economies | October 2017, Box 1.1 |
| Recent Wage Dynamics in Advanced Economies: Drivers and Implications | October 2017, Chapter 2 |
| Labor Market Dynamics by Skill Level | October 2017, Box 2.1 |
| Worker Contracts and Nominal Wage Rigidities in Europe: Firm-Level Evidence | October 2017, Box 2.2 |
| Wage and Employment Adjustment after the Global Financial Crisis: Firm-Level Evidence | October 2017, Box 2.3 |
| Labor Force Participation in Advanced Economies: Drivers and Prospects | April 2018, Chapter 2 |
| Youth Labor Force Participation in Emerging Market and Developing Economies versus Advanced Economies | April 2018, Box 2.1 |
| Storm Clouds Ahead? Migration and Labor Force Participation Rates | April 2018, Box 2.4 |
| Are Manufacturing Jobs Better Paid? Worker-Level Evidence from Brazil | April 2018, Box 3.3 |
| The Global Financial Crisis, Migration, and Fertility | October 2018, Box 2.1 |
| The Employment Impact of Automation Following the Global Financial Crisis: The Case of Industrial Robots | October 2018, Box 2.2 |
| Labor Market Dynamics in Select Advanced Economies | April 2019, Box 1.1 |
| Worlds Apart? Within-Country Regional Disparities | April 2019, Box 1.3 |
| Closer Together or Further Apart? Within-Country Regional Disparities and Adjustment in Advanced Economies | October 2019, Chapter 2 |
| Climate Change and Subnational Regional Disparities | October 2019, Box 2.2 |
| The Macroeconomic Effects of Global Migration | April 2020, Chapter 4 |
| Immigration: Labor Market Effects and the Role of Automation | April 2020, Box 4.1 |
| Inclusiveness in Emerging Market and Developing Economies and the Impact of COVID-19 | October 2020, Box 1.2 |
| Recessions and Recoveries in Labor Markets: Patterns, Policies, and Responses to the COVID-19 Shock | April 2021, Chapter 3 |
| Jobs and the Green Economy | October 2021, Box 1.2 |
| The Puzzle of Tight Labor Markets: US and UK Examples | April 2022, Box 1.1 |
| Inequality and Public Debt Sustainability | April 2022, Box 2.1 |
| A Greener Labor Market: Employment, Policies, and Economic Transformation | April 2022, Chapter 3 |
| The Geography of Green- and Pollution-Intensive Jobs: Evidence from the United States | April 2022, Box 3.1 |
| A Greener Post-COVID Job Market? | April 2022, Box 3.2 |
| Wage Dynamics Post–COVID-19 and Wage Price Spiral Risks | October 2022, Chapter 2 |
| Pass-Through from Wages to Prices: Estimates from the United States | October 2022, Box 2.1 |
VII. Labor Markets, Poverty, and Inequality
| Slow Recovery to Nowhere? A Sectoral View of Labor Markets in Advanced Economies | September 2011, Box 1.1 |
| The Labor Share in Europe and the United States during and after the Great Recession | April 2012, Box 1.1 |
| Jobs and Growth: Can’t Have One without the Other? | October 2012, Box 4.1 |
| Reforming Collective-Bargaining Systems to Achieve High and Stable Employment | April 2016, Box 3.2 |
| Understanding the Downward Trend in Labor Shares | April 2017, Chapter 3 |
| Labor Force Participation Rates in Advanced Economies | October 2017, Box 1.1 |
| Recent Wage Dynamics in Advanced Economies: Drivers and Implications | October 2017, Chapter 2 |
| Labor Market Dynamics by Skill Level | October 2017, Box 2.1 |
| Worker Contracts and Nominal Wage Rigidities in Europe: Firm-Level Evidence | October 2017, Box 2.2 |
| Wage and Employment Adjustment after the Global Financial Crisis: Firm-Level Evidence | October 2017, Box 2.3 |
| Labor Force Participation in Advanced Economies: Drivers and Prospects | April 2018, Chapter 2 |
| Youth Labor Force Participation in Emerging Market and Developing Economies versus Advanced Economies | April 2018, Box 2.1 |
| Storm Clouds Ahead? Migration and Labor Force Participation Rates | April 2018, Box 2.4 |
| Are Manufacturing Jobs Better Paid? Worker-Level Evidence from Brazil | April 2018, Box 3.3 |
| The Global Financial Crisis, Migration, and Fertility | October 2018, Box 2.1 |
| The Employment Impact of Automation Following the Global Financial Crisis: The Case of Industrial Robots | October 2018, Box 2.2 |
| Labor Market Dynamics in Select Advanced Economies | April 2019, Box 1.1 |
| Worlds Apart? Within-Country Regional Disparities | April 2019, Box 1.3 |
| Closer Together or Further Apart? Within-Country Regional Disparities and Adjustment in Advanced Economies | October 2019, Chapter 2 |
| Climate Change and Subnational Regional Disparities | October 2019, Box 2.2 |
| The Macroeconomic Effects of Global Migration | April 2020, Chapter 4 |
| Immigration: Labor Market Effects and the Role of Automation | April 2020, Box 4.1 |
| Inclusiveness in Emerging Market and Developing Economies and the Impact of COVID-19 | October 2020, Box 1.2 |
| Recessions and Recoveries in Labor Markets: Patterns, Policies, and Responses to the COVID-19 Shock | April 2021, Chapter 3 |
| Jobs and the Green Economy | October 2021, Box 1.2 |
| The Puzzle of Tight Labor Markets: US and UK Examples | April 2022, Box 1.1 |
| Inequality and Public Debt Sustainability | April 2022, Box 2.1 |
| A Greener Labor Market: Employment, Policies, and Economic Transformation | April 2022, Chapter 3 |
| The Geography of Green- and Pollution-Intensive Jobs: Evidence from the United States | April 2022, Box 3.1 |
| A Greener Post-COVID Job Market? | April 2022, Box 3.2 |
| Wage Dynamics Post–COVID-19 and Wage Price Spiral Risks | October 2022, Chapter 2 |
| Pass-Through from Wages to Prices: Estimates from the United States | October 2022, Box 2.1 |
VIII. Exchange Rate Issues
VIII. Exchange Rate Issues
| Exchange Rate Regimes and Crisis Susceptibility in Emerging Markets | April 2014, Box 1.4 |
| Exchange Rates and Trade Flows: Disconnected? | October 2015, Chapter 3 |
| The Relationship between Exchange Rates and Global-Value-Chain-Related Trade | October 2015, Box 3.1 |
| Measuring Real Effective Exchange Rates and Competitiveness: The Role of Global Value Chains | October 2015, Box 3.2 |
| Labor Force Participation Rates in Advanced Economies | October 2017, Box 1.1 |
| Recent Wage Dynamics in Advanced Economies: Drivers and Implications | October 2017, Chapter 2 |
| Labor Market Dynamics by Skill Level | October 2017, Box 2.1 |
| Worker Contracts and Nominal Wage Rigidities in Europe: Firm-Level Evidence | October 2017, Box 2.2 |
| Wage and Employment Adjustment after the Global Financial Crisis: Firm-Level Evidence | October 2017, Box 2.3 |
VIII. Exchange Rate Issues
| Exchange Rate Regimes and Crisis Susceptibility in Emerging Markets | April 2014, Box 1.4 |
| Exchange Rates and Trade Flows: Disconnected? | October 2015, Chapter 3 |
| The Relationship between Exchange Rates and Global-Value-Chain-Related Trade | October 2015, Box 3.1 |
| Measuring Real Effective Exchange Rates and Competitiveness: The Role of Global Value Chains | October 2015, Box 3.2 |
| Labor Force Participation Rates in Advanced Economies | October 2017, Box 1.1 |
| Recent Wage Dynamics in Advanced Economies: Drivers and Implications | October 2017, Chapter 2 |
| Labor Market Dynamics by Skill Level | October 2017, Box 2.1 |
| Worker Contracts and Nominal Wage Rigidities in Europe: Firm-Level Evidence | October 2017, Box 2.2 |
| Wage and Employment Adjustment after the Global Financial Crisis: Firm-Level Evidence | October 2017, Box 2.3 |
IX. External Payments, Trade, Capital Movements, and Foreign Debt
IX. External Payments, Trade, Capital Movements, and Foreign Debt
| Unwinding External Imbalances in the European Union Periphery | April 2011, Box 2.1 |
| International Capital Flows: Reliable or Fickle? | April 2011, Chapter 4 |
| External Liabilities and Crisis Tipping Points | September 2011, Box 1.5 |
| The Evolution of Current Account Deficits in the Euro Area | April 2013, Box 1.3 |
| External Rebalancing in the Euro Area | October 2013, Box 1.3 |
| The Yin and Yang of Capital Flow Management: Balancing Capital Inflows with Capital Outflows | October 2013, Chapter 4 |
| Simulating Vulnerability to International Capital Market Conditions | October 2013, Box 4.1 |
| The Trade Implications of the U.S. Shale Gas Boom | October 2014, Box 1.SF.1 |
| Are Global Imbalances at a Turning Point? | October 2014, Chapter 4 |
| Switching Gears: The 1986 External Adjustment | October 2014, Box 4.1 |
| A Tale of Two Adjustments: East Asia and the Euro Area | October 2014, Box 4.2 |
| Understanding the Role of Cyclical and Structural Factors in the Global Trade Slowdown | April 2015, Box 1.2 |
| Small Economies, Large Current Account Deficits | October 2015, Box 1.2 |
| Capital Flows and Financial Deepening in Developing Economies | October 2015, Box 1.3 |
| Dissecting the Global Trade Slowdown | April 2016, Box 1.1 |
| Understanding the Slowdown in Capital Flows to Emerging Markets | April 2016, Chapter 2 |
| Capital Flows to Low-Income Developing Countries | April 2016, Box 2.1 |
| The Potential Productivity Gains from Further Trade and Foreign Direct Investment Liberalization | April 2016, Box 3.3 |
| Global Trade: What’s behind the Slowdown? | October 2016, Chapter 2 |
| The Evolution of Emerging Market and Developing Economies’ Trade Integration with China’s Final Demand | April 2017, Box 2.3 |
| Shifts in the Global Allocation of Capital: Implications for Emerging Market and Developing Economies | April 2017, Box 2.4 |
| Macroeconomic Adjustment in Emerging Market Commodity Exporters | October 2017, Box 1.4 |
| Remittances and Consumption Smoothing | October 2017, Box 1.5 |
| A Multidimensional Approach to Trade Policy Indicators | April 2018, Box 1.6 |
| The Rise of Services Trade | April 2018, Box 3.2 |
| Role of Foreign Aid in Improving Productivity in Low-Income Developing Countries | April 2018, Box 4.3 |
| Global Trade Tensions | October 2018, Scenario Box |
| The Price of Capital Goods: A Driver of Investment under Treat? | April 2019, Chapter 3 |
| Evidence from Big Data: Capital Goods Prices across Countries | April 2019, Box 3.2 |
| Capital Goods Tariffs and Investment: Firm-Level Evidence from Colombia | April 2019, Box 3.4 |
| The Drivers of Bilateral Trade and the Spillovers from Tariffs | April 2019, Chapter 4 |
| Gross versus Value-Added Trade | April 2019, Box 4.1 |
| Bilateral and Aggregate Trade Balances | April 2019, Box 4.2 |
| Understanding Trade Deficit Adjustments: Does Bilateral Trade Play a Special Role? | April 2019, Box 4.3 |
| The Global Macro and Micro Effects of a U.S.–China Trade Dispute: Insights from Tree Models | April 2019, Box 4.4 |
| A No-Deal Brexit | April 2019, Scenario Box |
| Implications of Advanced Economies Reshoring Some Production | October 2019, Scenario Box 1.1 |
| Trade Tensions: Updated Scenario | October 2019, Scenario Box 1.2 |
| The Decline in World Foreign Direct Investment in 2018 | October 2019, Box 1.2 |
| Global Trade and Value Chains during the Pandemic | April 2022, Chapter 4 |
| Effects of Global Supply Disruptions during the Pandemic | April 2022, Box 4.1 |
| The Impact of Lockdowns on Trade: Evidence from Shipping Data | April 2022, Box 4.2 |
| Firm-Level Trade Adjustment to the COVID-19 Pandemic in France | April 2022, Box 4.3 |
IX. External Payments, Trade, Capital Movements, and Foreign Debt
| Unwinding External Imbalances in the European Union Periphery | April 2011, Box 2.1 |
| International Capital Flows: Reliable or Fickle? | April 2011, Chapter 4 |
| External Liabilities and Crisis Tipping Points | September 2011, Box 1.5 |
| The Evolution of Current Account Deficits in the Euro Area | April 2013, Box 1.3 |
| External Rebalancing in the Euro Area | October 2013, Box 1.3 |
| The Yin and Yang of Capital Flow Management: Balancing Capital Inflows with Capital Outflows | October 2013, Chapter 4 |
| Simulating Vulnerability to International Capital Market Conditions | October 2013, Box 4.1 |
| The Trade Implications of the U.S. Shale Gas Boom | October 2014, Box 1.SF.1 |
| Are Global Imbalances at a Turning Point? | October 2014, Chapter 4 |
| Switching Gears: The 1986 External Adjustment | October 2014, Box 4.1 |
| A Tale of Two Adjustments: East Asia and the Euro Area | October 2014, Box 4.2 |
| Understanding the Role of Cyclical and Structural Factors in the Global Trade Slowdown | April 2015, Box 1.2 |
| Small Economies, Large Current Account Deficits | October 2015, Box 1.2 |
| Capital Flows and Financial Deepening in Developing Economies | October 2015, Box 1.3 |
| Dissecting the Global Trade Slowdown | April 2016, Box 1.1 |
| Understanding the Slowdown in Capital Flows to Emerging Markets | April 2016, Chapter 2 |
| Capital Flows to Low-Income Developing Countries | April 2016, Box 2.1 |
| The Potential Productivity Gains from Further Trade and Foreign Direct Investment Liberalization | April 2016, Box 3.3 |
| Global Trade: What’s behind the Slowdown? | October 2016, Chapter 2 |
| The Evolution of Emerging Market and Developing Economies’ Trade Integration with China’s Final Demand | April 2017, Box 2.3 |
| Shifts in the Global Allocation of Capital: Implications for Emerging Market and Developing Economies | April 2017, Box 2.4 |
| Macroeconomic Adjustment in Emerging Market Commodity Exporters | October 2017, Box 1.4 |
| Remittances and Consumption Smoothing | October 2017, Box 1.5 |
| A Multidimensional Approach to Trade Policy Indicators | April 2018, Box 1.6 |
| The Rise of Services Trade | April 2018, Box 3.2 |
| Role of Foreign Aid in Improving Productivity in Low-Income Developing Countries | April 2018, Box 4.3 |
| Global Trade Tensions | October 2018, Scenario Box |
| The Price of Capital Goods: A Driver of Investment under Treat? | April 2019, Chapter 3 |
| Evidence from Big Data: Capital Goods Prices across Countries | April 2019, Box 3.2 |
| Capital Goods Tariffs and Investment: Firm-Level Evidence from Colombia | April 2019, Box 3.4 |
| The Drivers of Bilateral Trade and the Spillovers from Tariffs | April 2019, Chapter 4 |
| Gross versus Value-Added Trade | April 2019, Box 4.1 |
| Bilateral and Aggregate Trade Balances | April 2019, Box 4.2 |
| Understanding Trade Deficit Adjustments: Does Bilateral Trade Play a Special Role? | April 2019, Box 4.3 |
| The Global Macro and Micro Effects of a U.S.–China Trade Dispute: Insights from Tree Models | April 2019, Box 4.4 |
| A No-Deal Brexit | April 2019, Scenario Box |
| Implications of Advanced Economies Reshoring Some Production | October 2019, Scenario Box 1.1 |
| Trade Tensions: Updated Scenario | October 2019, Scenario Box 1.2 |
| The Decline in World Foreign Direct Investment in 2018 | October 2019, Box 1.2 |
| Global Trade and Value Chains during the Pandemic | April 2022, Chapter 4 |
| Effects of Global Supply Disruptions during the Pandemic | April 2022, Box 4.1 |
| The Impact of Lockdowns on Trade: Evidence from Shipping Data | April 2022, Box 4.2 |
| Firm-Level Trade Adjustment to the COVID-19 Pandemic in France | April 2022, Box 4.3 |
X. Regional Issues
X. Regional Issues
| East-West Linkages and Spillovers in Europe | April 2012, Box 2.1 |
| The Evolution of Current Account Deficits in the Euro Area | April 2013, Box 1.3 |
| Still Attached? Labor Force Participation Trends in European Regions | April 2018, Box 2.3 |
X. Regional Issues
| East-West Linkages and Spillovers in Europe | April 2012, Box 2.1 |
| The Evolution of Current Account Deficits in the Euro Area | April 2013, Box 1.3 |
| Still Attached? Labor Force Participation Trends in European Regions | April 2018, Box 2.3 |
XI. Country-Specific Analyses
XI. Country-Specific Analyses
| Did the Plaza Accord Cause Japan’s Lost Decades? | April 2011, Box 1.4 |
| Where Is China’s External Surplus Headed? | April 2012, Box 1.3 |
| The U.S. Home Owners’ Loan Corporation | April 2012, Box 3.1 |
| Household Debt Restructuring in Iceland | April 2012, Box 3.2 |
| Abenomics: Risks after Early Success? | October 2013, Box 1.4 |
| Is China’s Spending Pattern Shifting (away from Commodities)? | April 2014, Box 1.2 |
| Public Investment in Japan during the Lost Decade | October 2014, Box 3.1 |
| Japanese Exports: What’s the Holdup? | October 2015, Box 3.3 |
| The Japanese Experience with Deflation | October 2016, Box 3.2 |
| Permanently Displaced? Labor Force Participation in U.S. States and Metropolitan Areas | April 2018, Box 2.2 |
| Immigration and Wages in Germany | April 2020, Box 4.2 |
| The Impact of Migration from Venezuela on Latin America and the Caribbean | April 2020, Box 4.3 |
| Pass-Trough from Wages to Prices: Estimates from the United States | October 2022, Box 2.1 |
| Political Economy of Carbon Pricing: Experiences from South Africa, Sweden, and Uruguay | October 2022, Box 3.2 |
XI. Country-Specific Analyses
| Did the Plaza Accord Cause Japan’s Lost Decades? | April 2011, Box 1.4 |
| Where Is China’s External Surplus Headed? | April 2012, Box 1.3 |
| The U.S. Home Owners’ Loan Corporation | April 2012, Box 3.1 |
| Household Debt Restructuring in Iceland | April 2012, Box 3.2 |
| Abenomics: Risks after Early Success? | October 2013, Box 1.4 |
| Is China’s Spending Pattern Shifting (away from Commodities)? | April 2014, Box 1.2 |
| Public Investment in Japan during the Lost Decade | October 2014, Box 3.1 |
| Japanese Exports: What’s the Holdup? | October 2015, Box 3.3 |
| The Japanese Experience with Deflation | October 2016, Box 3.2 |
| Permanently Displaced? Labor Force Participation in U.S. States and Metropolitan Areas | April 2018, Box 2.2 |
| Immigration and Wages in Germany | April 2020, Box 4.2 |
| The Impact of Migration from Venezuela on Latin America and the Caribbean | April 2020, Box 4.3 |
| Pass-Trough from Wages to Prices: Estimates from the United States | October 2022, Box 2.1 |
| Political Economy of Carbon Pricing: Experiences from South Africa, Sweden, and Uruguay | October 2022, Box 3.2 |
XII. Climate Change Issues
XII. Climate Change Issues
| The Effects of Weather Shocks on Economic Activity: How Can Low-Income Countries Cope? | October 2017, Chapter 3 |
| The Growth Impact of Tropical Cyclones | October 2017, Box 3.1 |
| The Role of Policies in Coping with Weather Shocks: A Model-Based Analysis | October 2017, Box 3.2 |
| Strategies for Coping with Weather Shocks and Climate Change: Selected Case Studies | October 2017, Box 3.3 |
| Coping with Weather Shocks: The Role of Financial Markets | October 2017, Box 3.4 |
| Historical Climate, Economic Development, and the World Income Distribution | October 2017, Box 3.5 |
| Mitigating Climate Change | October 2017, Box 3.6 |
| The Price of Manufactured Low-Carbon Energy Technologies | April 2019, Box 3.1 |
| What’s Happening with Global Carbon Emissions? | October 2019, Box 1.SF.1 |
| Mitigating Climate Change—Growth and Distribution-Friendly Strategies | October 2020, Chapter 3 |
| Glossary | October 2020, Box 3.1 |
| Zooming in on the Electricity Sector: The First Step toward Decarbonization | October 2020, Box 3.2 |
| Who Suffers Most from Climate Change? The Case of Natural Disasters | April 2021, Box 1.2 |
| Jobs and the Green Economy | October 2021, Box 1.2 |
| Clean Tech and the Role of Basic Scientific Research | October 2021, Box 3.2 |
| Commodity Market Developments and Forecasts | October 2021, Chapter 1 Special Feature |
| A Greener Labor Market: Employment, Policies, and Economic Transformation | April 2022, Chapter 3 |
| The Geography of Green- and Pollution-Intensive Jobs: Evidence from the United States | April 2022, Box 3.1 |
| A Greener Post-COVID Job Market? | April 2022, Box 3.2 |
| Near-Term Macroeconomic Impact of Decarbonization Policies | October 2022, Chapter 3 |
| Near-Term Implications of Carbon Pricing: A Review of the Literature | October 2022, Box 3.1 |
| Political Economy of Carbon Pricing: Experiences from South Africa, Sweden, and Uruguay | October 2022, Box 3.2 |
| Decarbonizing the Power Sector While Managing Renewables’ Intermittence | October 2022, Box 3.3 |
XII. Climate Change Issues
| The Effects of Weather Shocks on Economic Activity: How Can Low-Income Countries Cope? | October 2017, Chapter 3 |
| The Growth Impact of Tropical Cyclones | October 2017, Box 3.1 |
| The Role of Policies in Coping with Weather Shocks: A Model-Based Analysis | October 2017, Box 3.2 |
| Strategies for Coping with Weather Shocks and Climate Change: Selected Case Studies | October 2017, Box 3.3 |
| Coping with Weather Shocks: The Role of Financial Markets | October 2017, Box 3.4 |
| Historical Climate, Economic Development, and the World Income Distribution | October 2017, Box 3.5 |
| Mitigating Climate Change | October 2017, Box 3.6 |
| The Price of Manufactured Low-Carbon Energy Technologies | April 2019, Box 3.1 |
| What’s Happening with Global Carbon Emissions? | October 2019, Box 1.SF.1 |
| Mitigating Climate Change—Growth and Distribution-Friendly Strategies | October 2020, Chapter 3 |
| Glossary | October 2020, Box 3.1 |
| Zooming in on the Electricity Sector: The First Step toward Decarbonization | October 2020, Box 3.2 |
| Who Suffers Most from Climate Change? The Case of Natural Disasters | April 2021, Box 1.2 |
| Jobs and the Green Economy | October 2021, Box 1.2 |
| Clean Tech and the Role of Basic Scientific Research | October 2021, Box 3.2 |
| Commodity Market Developments and Forecasts | October 2021, Chapter 1 Special Feature |
| A Greener Labor Market: Employment, Policies, and Economic Transformation | April 2022, Chapter 3 |
| The Geography of Green- and Pollution-Intensive Jobs: Evidence from the United States | April 2022, Box 3.1 |
| A Greener Post-COVID Job Market? | April 2022, Box 3.2 |
| Near-Term Macroeconomic Impact of Decarbonization Policies | October 2022, Chapter 3 |
| Near-Term Implications of Carbon Pricing: A Review of the Literature | October 2022, Box 3.1 |
| Political Economy of Carbon Pricing: Experiences from South Africa, Sweden, and Uruguay | October 2022, Box 3.2 |
| Decarbonizing the Power Sector While Managing Renewables’ Intermittence | October 2022, Box 3.3 |
XIII. Special Topics
XIII. Special Topics
| Getting By with a Little Help from a Boom: Do Commodity Windfalls Speed Up Human Development? | October 2015, Box 2.3 |
| Breaking the Deadlock: Identifying the Political Economy Drivers of Structural Reforms | April 2016, Box 3.1 |
| Can Reform Waves Turn the Tide? Some Case Studies Using the Synthetic Control Method | April 2016, Box 3.4 |
| A Global Rush for Land | October 2016, Box 1.SF.1 |
| Conflict, Growth, and Migration | April 2017, Box 1.1 |
| Tackling Measurement Challenges of Irish Economic Activity | April 2017, Box 1.2 |
| Within-Country Trends in Income per Capita: The Cases of Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa | April 2017, Box 2.1 |
| Technological Progress and Labor Shares: A Historical Overview | April 2017, Box 3.1 |
| The Elasticity of Substitution between Capital and Labor: Concept and Estimation | April 2017, Box 3.2 |
| Routine Tasks, Automation, and Economic Dislocation around the World | April 2017, Box 3.3 |
| Adjustments to the Labor Share of Income | April 2017, Box 3.4 |
| Smartphones and Global Trade | April 2018, Box 1.1 |
| Has Mismeasurement of the Digital Economy Affected Productivity Statistics? | April 2018, Box 1.4 |
| The Changing Service Content of Manufactures | April 2018, Box 3.1 |
| Patent Data and Concepts | April 2018, Box 4.1 |
| International Technology Sourcing and Knowledge Spillovers | April 2018, Box 4.2 |
| Relationship between Competition, Concentration, and Innovation | April 2018, Box 4.4 |
| Increasing Market Power | October 2018, Box 1.1 |
| Sharp GDP Declines: Some Stylized Facts | October 2018, Box 1.5 |
| Predicting Recessions and Slowdowns: A Daunting Task | October 2018, Box 1.6 |
| The Rise of Corporate Market Power and Its Macroeconomic Effects | April 2019, Chapter 2 |
| The Comovement between Industry Concentration and Corporate Saving | April 2019, Box 2.1 |
| Effects of Mergers and Acquisitions on Market Power | April 2019, Box 2.2 |
| The Global Automobile Industry: Recent Developments, and Implications for the Global Outlook | October 2019, Box 1.1 |
| Measuring Subnational Regional Economic Activity and Welfare | October 2019, Box 2.1 |
| The Persistent Effects of Local Shocks: The Case of Automotive Manufacturing Plant Closures | October 2019, Box 2.3 |
| The Political Effects of Structural Reforms | October 2019, Box 3.1 |
| The Impact of Crises on Structural Reforms | October 2019, Box 3.2 |
| The Persistence and Drivers of the Common Component of Interest Rate–Growth Differentials in Advanced Economies | April 2020, Box 2.2 |
| Social Unrest during COVID-19 | October 2020, Box 1.4 |
| The Role of Information Technology Adoption during the Pandemic: Evidence from the United States | October 2020, Box 2.2 |
| Education Losses during the Pandemic and the Role of Infrastructure | April 2021, Box 2.2 |
| Food Insecurity and the Business Cycle | April 2021, Chapter 1, Annex 1.SF.1 |
| Food Insecurity and Prices during COVID-19 | October 2021, Box 2.1 |
| mRNA Vaccines and the Role of Basic Scientific Research | October 2021, Box 3.1 |
| Intellectual Property, Competition, and Innovation | October 2021, Box 3.3 |
XIII. Special Topics
| Getting By with a Little Help from a Boom: Do Commodity Windfalls Speed Up Human Development? | October 2015, Box 2.3 |
| Breaking the Deadlock: Identifying the Political Economy Drivers of Structural Reforms | April 2016, Box 3.1 |
| Can Reform Waves Turn the Tide? Some Case Studies Using the Synthetic Control Method | April 2016, Box 3.4 |
| A Global Rush for Land | October 2016, Box 1.SF.1 |
| Conflict, Growth, and Migration | April 2017, Box 1.1 |
| Tackling Measurement Challenges of Irish Economic Activity | April 2017, Box 1.2 |
| Within-Country Trends in Income per Capita: The Cases of Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa | April 2017, Box 2.1 |
| Technological Progress and Labor Shares: A Historical Overview | April 2017, Box 3.1 |
| The Elasticity of Substitution between Capital and Labor: Concept and Estimation | April 2017, Box 3.2 |
| Routine Tasks, Automation, and Economic Dislocation around the World | April 2017, Box 3.3 |
| Adjustments to the Labor Share of Income | April 2017, Box 3.4 |
| Smartphones and Global Trade | April 2018, Box 1.1 |
| Has Mismeasurement of the Digital Economy Affected Productivity Statistics? | April 2018, Box 1.4 |
| The Changing Service Content of Manufactures | April 2018, Box 3.1 |
| Patent Data and Concepts | April 2018, Box 4.1 |
| International Technology Sourcing and Knowledge Spillovers | April 2018, Box 4.2 |
| Relationship between Competition, Concentration, and Innovation | April 2018, Box 4.4 |
| Increasing Market Power | October 2018, Box 1.1 |
| Sharp GDP Declines: Some Stylized Facts | October 2018, Box 1.5 |
| Predicting Recessions and Slowdowns: A Daunting Task | October 2018, Box 1.6 |
| The Rise of Corporate Market Power and Its Macroeconomic Effects | April 2019, Chapter 2 |
| The Comovement between Industry Concentration and Corporate Saving | April 2019, Box 2.1 |
| Effects of Mergers and Acquisitions on Market Power | April 2019, Box 2.2 |
| The Global Automobile Industry: Recent Developments, and Implications for the Global Outlook | October 2019, Box 1.1 |
| Measuring Subnational Regional Economic Activity and Welfare | October 2019, Box 2.1 |
| The Persistent Effects of Local Shocks: The Case of Automotive Manufacturing Plant Closures | October 2019, Box 2.3 |
| The Political Effects of Structural Reforms | October 2019, Box 3.1 |
| The Impact of Crises on Structural Reforms | October 2019, Box 3.2 |
| The Persistence and Drivers of the Common Component of Interest Rate–Growth Differentials in Advanced Economies | April 2020, Box 2.2 |
| Social Unrest during COVID-19 | October 2020, Box 1.4 |
| The Role of Information Technology Adoption during the Pandemic: Evidence from the United States | October 2020, Box 2.2 |
| Education Losses during the Pandemic and the Role of Infrastructure | April 2021, Box 2.2 |
| Food Insecurity and the Business Cycle | April 2021, Chapter 1, Annex 1.SF.1 |
| Food Insecurity and Prices during COVID-19 | October 2021, Box 2.1 |
| mRNA Vaccines and the Role of Basic Scientific Research | October 2021, Box 3.1 |
| Intellectual Property, Competition, and Innovation | October 2021, Box 3.3 |