V Institutional Evolution
Author:
Mr. James M. Boughton
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Language:
English
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Abstract

This volume--the fifth in a series of histories of the International Monetary Fund--examines the 1990s, a tumultuous decade in which the IMF faced difficult challenges and took on new and expanded roles. Among these were assisting countries that had long operated under central planning to manage transitions toward market economies, helping countries in financial crisis after sudden loss of support from private financial markets, adapting surveillance to reflect the growing acceptance of international standards for economic and financial policies, helping low-income countries grow and begin to eradicate poverty while staying within its mandate as a monetary institution, and providing adequate financial assistance to members in an age of limited official resources. The IMF's successes and setbacks in facing these challenges provide valuable lessons for an uncertain future.

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Cover Tearing Down Walls
Tearing Down Walls
The International Monetary Fund 1990-1999
Author:
Mr. James M. Boughton
ISBN:
9781616350840
Publication Date:
05 Mar 2012
Publisher:
International Monetary Fund
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5089/9781616350840.071
Pages:
1036
  • <xref rid="Rch15fig01" ref-type="fig">Figure 15.1</xref>.
    View in gallery
    Figure 15.1.

    IMF Usable Resources, 1989–99

    Billions of SDRs

  • <xref rid="Rch15fig02" ref-type="fig">Figure 15.2</xref>.
    View in gallery
    Figure 15.2.

    IMF Gold Stock, 1990–2000

  • <xref rid="Rch15fig03" ref-type="fig">Figure 15.3</xref>.
    View in gallery
    Figure 15.3.

    SDR Interest Rate and Rates of Charge and Remuneration, 1990–2000

    Percent per year

  • <xref rid="Rch15fig04" ref-type="fig">Figure 15.4</xref>.
    View in gallery
    Figure 15.4.

    Weights in the Valuation of the SDR, 1981–99

    (Valued at monthly average exchange rates)

  • <xref rid="Rch16fig01" ref-type="fig">Figure 16.1</xref>.
    View in gallery
    Figure 16.1.

    Protracted Arrears to the Fund, 1984–99

  • <xref rid="Rch16fig02" ref-type="fig">Figure 16.2</xref>.
    View in gallery
    Figure 16.2.

    Guyana: Use of Fund Credit, 1983–99

    (In millions of SDRs, monthly data)

  • <xref rid="Rch16fig03" ref-type="fig">Figure 16.3</xref>.
    View in gallery
    Figure 16.3.

    Honduras: Use of Fund Credit, 1987–99

    (In millions of SDRs, monthly data)

  • <xref rid="Rch16fig04" ref-type="fig">Figure 16.4</xref>.
    View in gallery
    Figure 16.4.

    Panama: Use of Fund Credit, 1987–99

    (In millions of SDRs, monthly data)

  • <xref rid="Rch16fig05" ref-type="fig">Figure 16.5</xref>.
    View in gallery
    Figure 16.5.

    Panama: Use of Fund Credit, 1987–99

    (In millions of SDRs, monthly data)

  • <xref rid="Rch16fig06" ref-type="fig">Figure 16.6</xref>.
    View in gallery
    Figure 16.6.

    Cambodia: Use of Fund Credit, 1972–99

    (In millions of SDRs, monthly data)

  • <xref rid="Rch16fig07" ref-type="fig">Figure 16.7</xref>.
    View in gallery
    Figure 16.7.

    Vietnam: Use of Fund Credit, 1983–99

    (In millions of SDRs, monthly data)

  • <xref rid="Rch16fig08" ref-type="fig">Figure 16.8</xref>.
    View in gallery
    Figure 16.8.

    Sierra Leone: Use of Fund Credit, 1984–99

    (In millions of SDRs, monthly data)

  • <xref rid="Rch16fig09" ref-type="fig">Figure 16.9</xref>.
    View in gallery
    Figure 16.9.

    Zambia: Use of Fund Credit, 1986–99

    (In millions of SDRs, monthly data)

  • <xref rid="Rch16fig10" ref-type="fig">Figure 16.10</xref>.
    View in gallery
    Figure 16.10.

    Liberia: Use of Fund Credit, 1984–99

    (In millions of SDRs, monthly data)

  • <xref rid="Rch16fig11" ref-type="fig">Figure 16.11</xref>.
    View in gallery
    Figure 16.11.

    Sudan: Use of Fund Credit, 1984–99

    (In millions of SDRs, monthly data)

  • <xref rid="Rch16fig12" ref-type="fig">Figure 16.12</xref>.
    View in gallery
    Figure 16.12.

    Somalia: Use of Fund Credit, 1984–99

    (In millions of SDRs, monthly data)

  • <xref rid="Rch16fig13" ref-type="fig">Figure 16.13</xref>.
    View in gallery
    Figure 16.13.

    Dominican Republic: Use of Fund Credit, 1989–99

    (In millions of SDRs, monthly data)

  • <xref rid="Rch16fig14" ref-type="fig">Figure 16.14</xref>.
    View in gallery
    Figure 16.14.

    Haiti: Use of Fund Credit, 1986–99

    (In millions of SDRs, monthly data)

  • <xref rid="Rch16fig15" ref-type="fig">Figure 16.15</xref>.
    View in gallery
    Figure 16.15.

    Central African Republic: Use of Fund Credit, 1989–99

    (In millions of SDRs, monthly data)

  • <xref rid="Rch16fig16" ref-type="fig">Figure 16.16</xref>.
    View in gallery
    Figure 16.16.

    Democratic Republic of the Congo: Use of Fund Credit, 1988–99

    (In millions of SDRs, monthly data)

  • <xref rid="Rch17fig01" ref-type="fig">Figure 17.1</xref>.
    View in gallery
    Figure 17.1.

    Real Fund Salaries, 1970–99

Figure 15.1.

IMF Usable Resources, 1989–99

Billions of SDRs
Figure 15.2.

IMF Gold Stock, 1990–2000
Figure 15.3.

SDR Interest Rate and Rates of Charge and Remuneration, 1990–2000

Percent per year
Figure 15.4.

Weights in the Valuation of the SDR, 1981–99

(Valued at monthly average exchange rates)
Figure 16.1.

Protracted Arrears to the Fund, 1984–99
Figure 16.2.

Guyana: Use of Fund Credit, 1983–99

(In millions of SDRs, monthly data)
Figure 16.3.

Honduras: Use of Fund Credit, 1987–99

(In millions of SDRs, monthly data)
Figure 16.4.

Panama: Use of Fund Credit, 1987–99

(In millions of SDRs, monthly data)
Figure 16.5.

Panama: Use of Fund Credit, 1987–99

(In millions of SDRs, monthly data)
Figure 16.6.

Cambodia: Use of Fund Credit, 1972–99

(In millions of SDRs, monthly data)
Figure 16.7.

Vietnam: Use of Fund Credit, 1983–99

(In millions of SDRs, monthly data)
Figure 16.8.

Sierra Leone: Use of Fund Credit, 1984–99

(In millions of SDRs, monthly data)
Figure 16.9.

Zambia: Use of Fund Credit, 1986–99

(In millions of SDRs, monthly data)
Figure 16.10.

Liberia: Use of Fund Credit, 1984–99

(In millions of SDRs, monthly data)
Figure 16.11.

Sudan: Use of Fund Credit, 1984–99

(In millions of SDRs, monthly data)
Figure 16.12.

Somalia: Use of Fund Credit, 1984–99

(In millions of SDRs, monthly data)
Figure 16.13.

Dominican Republic: Use of Fund Credit, 1989–99

(In millions of SDRs, monthly data)
Figure 16.14.

Haiti: Use of Fund Credit, 1986–99

(In millions of SDRs, monthly data)
Figure 16.15.

Central African Republic: Use of Fund Credit, 1989–99

(In millions of SDRs, monthly data)
Figure 16.16.

Democratic Republic of the Congo: Use of Fund Credit, 1988–99

(In millions of SDRs, monthly data)
Figure 17.1.

Real Fund Salaries, 1970–99