Back Matter

International Monetary Fund. African Dept.

Previous Chapter

Back Matter

Author:

International Monetary Fund. African Dept.

International Monetary Fund. African Dept.
Search for other papers by International Monetary Fund. African Dept. in
Current site
Google Scholar

Language:: English

Keywords:: REO; fuel price increase; price; Sub-Saharan Africa; spending; EAC export; EAC member; food price; portfolio inflow; inflation rate; Food prices; Capital inflows; Inflation; Exports; Commodity prices; Global; Africa; Middle East; North Africa

Download PDF (707.8 KB)

Abstract

Unless otherwise noted, data and projections presented in this report are IMF staff estimates as of April 1, 2011, consistent with the projections underlying the Spring 2011 World Economic Outlook.

Statistical Appendix

Unless otherwise noted, data and projections presented in this report are IMF staff estimates as of April 1, 2011, consistent with the projections underlying the Spring 2011 World Economic Outlook.

The data and projections cover the 44 countries of the IMF’s African Department. Data definitions follow established international statistical methodologies to the extent possible. However, in some cases data limitations limit comparability across countries.

Country Groupings

As in previous Regional Economic Outlooks, countries are aggregated into four nonoverlapping groups: oil exporters, non-oil-exporting middle-income, low-income, and fragile low-income countries (see the appendix tables).

The 7 oil exporters are countries where net oil exports make up 30 percent or more of total exports. Except for Angola and Nigeria, they belong to the Central African Economic and Monetary Community. Oil exporters are classified as such even if they would otherwise qualify for another group.
The 8 middle-income countries are not oil exporters and had per capita gross national income of more than US$975 in 2008, as calculated by the World Bank using the Atlas method.
The 15 low-income countries not classified as fragile are not oil exporters, had per capita gross national income equal to or lower than US$975 in 2008, and had a score higher than 3.2 on the 2008 IDA Resource Allocation Index (IRAI).
The 14 low-income countries classified as fragile are not oil exporters, had per capita gross national income equal to or lower than US$975 in 2008, and had a score of 3.2 or less on the 2008 IDA Resource Allocation Index (IRAI).

In addition, countries are classified as resource-rich if their primary commodity rents exceed 10 percent of GDP. Non-resource-rich countries are also classified by whether they are coastal or landlocked (Table SA MN 1).

^{Table SA MN 1.}

Sub-Saharan Africa: Country Groupings

Note: ^*Country has reached the completion point under the enhanced HIPC Initiative and has qualified for MDRI relief.

^{Table SA MN 1.}

Sub-Saharan Africa: Country Groupings

Resource-Rich		Non-Resource-Rich
Oil	Non-oil	Coastal	Landlocked
Angola	Botswana	Benin ^*	Burkina Faso ^*
Cameroon ^*	Côte d’Ivoire	Cape Verde	Burundi ^*
Chad	Guinea	Comoros	Central African Republic ^*
Congo, Rep. of ^*	Namibia	Eritrea	Congo, Dem. Rep. of ^*
Equatorial Guinea	Sierra Leone ^*	Gambia, The ^*	Ethiopia ^*
Gabon	Zambia ^*	Ghana ^*	Lesotho
Nigeria		Guinea-Bissau ^*	Malawi ^*
		Liberia ^*	Mali ^*
		Kenya	Niger ^*
		Madagascar ^*	Rwanda ^*
		Mauritius	Swaziland
		Mozambique ^*	Uganda ^*
		São Tomé & Príncipe ^*	Zimbabwe
		Senegal ^*
		Seychelles
		South Africa
		Tanzania ^*
		Togo ^*

Note: ^*Country has reached the completion point under the enhanced HIPC Initiative and has qualified for MDRI relief.

^{Table SA MN 1.}

Sub-Saharan Africa: Country Groupings

Resource-Rich		Non-Resource-Rich
Oil	Non-oil	Coastal	Landlocked
Angola	Botswana	Benin ^*	Burkina Faso ^*
Cameroon ^*	Côte d’Ivoire	Cape Verde	Burundi ^*
Chad	Guinea	Comoros	Central African Republic ^*
Congo, Rep. of ^*	Namibia	Eritrea	Congo, Dem. Rep. of ^*
Equatorial Guinea	Sierra Leone ^*	Gambia, The ^*	Ethiopia ^*
Gabon	Zambia ^*	Ghana ^*	Lesotho
Nigeria		Guinea-Bissau ^*	Malawi ^*
		Liberia ^*	Mali ^*
		Kenya	Niger ^*
		Madagascar ^*	Rwanda ^*
		Mauritius	Swaziland
		Mozambique ^*	Uganda ^*
		São Tomé & Príncipe ^*	Zimbabwe
		Senegal ^*
		Seychelles
		South Africa
		Tanzania ^*
		Togo ^*

Note: ^*Country has reached the completion point under the enhanced HIPC Initiative and has qualified for MDRI relief.

Finally, countries are grouped into regional cooperation bodies: CFA franc zone, comprising the West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU) and the Central African Economic and Monetary Community (CEMAC); East Africa Community (EAC-5); Southern African Development Community (SADC); Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa. (COMESA); and Southern Africa Customs Union (SACU) (Table SA MN 2).

^{Table SA MN 2.}

Sub-Saharan Africa: Member Countries of Regional Groupings

^{Table SA MN 2.}

Sub-Saharan Africa: Member Countries of Regional Groupings

The West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU)	Economic and Monetary Community of Central African States (CEMAC)	Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA)	East Africa Community (EAC-5)	Southern African Development Community (SADC)	Southern Africa Customs Union (SACU)
Benin	Cameroon	Burundi	Burundi	Angola	Botswana
Burkina Faso	Central African	Comoros	Kenya	Botswana	Lesotho
Côte d’Ivoire	Republic	Congo, Dem. Rep. of	Rwanda	Congo, Dem. Rep. of	Namibia
Guinea-Bissau	Chad	Eritrea	Tanzania	Lesotho	South Africa
Mali	Congo, Rep. of	Ethiopia	Uganda	Madagascar	Swaziland
Niger	Equatorial	Kenya		Malawi
Senegal	Guinea	Madagascar		Mauritius
Togo	Gabon	Malawi		Mozambique
		Mauritius		Namibia
		Rwanda		Seychelles
		Seychelles		South Africa
		Swaziland		Swaziland
		Uganda		Tanzania
		Zambia		Zambia
		Zimbabwe		Zimbabwe

^{Table SA MN 2.}

Sub-Saharan Africa: Member Countries of Regional Groupings

The West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU)	Economic and Monetary Community of Central African States (CEMAC)	Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA)	East Africa Community (EAC-5)	Southern African Development Community (SADC)	Southern Africa Customs Union (SACU)
Benin	Cameroon	Burundi	Burundi	Angola	Botswana
Burkina Faso	Central African	Comoros	Kenya	Botswana	Lesotho
Côte d’Ivoire	Republic	Congo, Dem. Rep. of	Rwanda	Congo, Dem. Rep. of	Namibia
Guinea-Bissau	Chad	Eritrea	Tanzania	Lesotho	South Africa
Mali	Congo, Rep. of	Ethiopia	Uganda	Madagascar	Swaziland
Niger	Equatorial	Kenya		Malawi
Senegal	Guinea	Madagascar		Mauritius
Togo	Gabon	Malawi		Mozambique
		Mauritius		Namibia
		Rwanda		Seychelles
		Seychelles		South Africa
		Swaziland		Swaziland
		Uganda		Tanzania
		Zambia		Zambia
		Zimbabwe		Zimbabwe

Unless otherwise noted, group aggregates exclude data for Zimbabwe because of data limitations. EAC-5 aggregates include data for Rwanda and Burundi, which joined only in 2007.

Methods of Aggregation

In Tables SA1–4, SA7–SA14, SA16, and SA23–SA24, country group composites are calculated as the arithmetic average of data for individual countries, weighted by GDP valued at purchasing power parity as a share of total group GDP. The source of purchasing power parity weights is the WEO database.

In Tables SA17–22 and SA25–27, country group composites are calculated as the arithmetic average of data for individual countries, weighted by GDP in U.S. dollars at market exchange rates as a share of total group GDP.

In Tables SA5–6 and SA15, country group composites are calculated as the geometric average of data for individual countries, weighted by GDP valued at purchasing power parity as a share of total group GDP. The source of purchasing power parity weights is the WEO database.

List of Tables

SA1. Real GDP Growth

SA2. Real Non-Oil GDP Growth

SA3. Real Per Capita GDP Growth

SA4. Real Per Capita GDP

SA5. Consumer Prices, Average

SA6. Consumer Prices, End of Period

SA7. Total Investment

SA8. Gross National Savings

SA9. Overall Fiscal Balance, Including Grants

SA10. Overall Fiscal Balance, Excluding Grants

SA11. Government Revenue, Excluding Grants

SA12. Government Expenditure

SA13. Government Debt

SA14. Broad Money

SA15. Broad Money Growth

SA16. Claims on Nonfinancial Private Sector

SA17. Exports of Goods and Services

SA18. Imports of Goods and Services

SA19. Trade Balance

SA20. External Current Account, Including Grants

SA21. External Current Account, Excluding Grants

SA22. Official Grants

SA23. Real Effective Exchange Rates

SA24. Nominal Effective Exchange Rates

SA25. External Debt to Official Creditors

SA26. Terms of Trade

SA27. Reserves

^{Table SA1.}

Real GDP Growth

(Percent)

Sources: IMF, African Department database, April 1, 2011; and IMF, World Economic Outlook (WEO) database, April 1, 2011.

^¹In constant 2009 US dollars. The Zimbabwe dollar ceased circulating in early 2009. Data are based on IMF staff estimates of price and exchange rate developments in U.S. dollars. Staff estimates of U.S. dollar values may differ from authorities’ estimates.

^{Table SA1.}

Real GDP Growth

(Percent)

					2004-08	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012
Oil-exporting countries					8.7	11.2	7.6	7.6	9.9	7.1	5.2	6.2	6.7	6.9
	Excluding Nigeria				11.2	12.3	11.2	9.7	14.2	8.7	2.5	2.8	6.5	7.4
				Angola	17.8	11.2	20.6	19.5	23.9	13.8	2.4	1.6	7.8	10.5
				Cameroon	3.0	3.7	2.3	3.2	3.4	2.6	2.0	3.0	3.5	4.5
				Chad	8.3	33.6	7.9	0.2	0.2	-0.4	0.3	5.1	4.1	6.0
				Congo, Rep. of	4.3	3.5	7.8	6.2	-1.6	5.6	7.5	9.1	7.8	4.7
				Equatorial Guinea	16.2	38.0	9.7	1.3	21.4	10.7	5.7	-0.8	7.2	4.0
				Gabon	2.7	1.4	3.0	1.2	5.6	2.3	-1.4	5.7	5.6	3.3
				Nigeria	7.0	10.6	5.4	6.2	7.0	6.0	7.0	8.4	6.9	6.6
Middle-income countries					4.9	4.8	4.9	5.6	5.5	3.6	-1.5	3.1	3.7	4.0
	Excluding South Africa				4.6	6.3	2.1	5.3	5.2	3.9	-0.5	5.7	4.7	5.1
				Botswana	4.1	6.0	1.6	5.1	4.8	3.1	-3.7	8.6	6.0	6.6
				Cape Verde	7.2	4.3	6.5	10.1	8.6	6.2	3.6	5.4	5.5	6.8
				Lesotho	3.7	2.3	2.4	4.7	4.5	4.7	3.0	2.4	3.1	4.1
				Mauritius	4.6	5.5	1.5	4.5	5.9	5.5	3.0	4.0	4.1	4.2
				Namibia	6.3	12.3	2.5	7.1	5.4	4.3	-0.8	4.4	4.8	4.5
				Seychelles	3.7	-2.9	6.7	6.4	9.6	-1.3	0.7	6.2	4.0	4.7
				South Africa	4.9	4.6	5.3	5.6	5.6	3.6	-1.7	2.8	3.5	3.8
				Swaziland	2.7	2.5	2.2	2.9	2.8	3.1	1.2	2.0	0.5	1.5
Low-income countries					6.3	5.8	6.6	6.3	6.5	6.4	4.8	5.4	6.1	6.7
		Excluding fragile countries			7.0	6.4	7.3	7.2	7.2	7.1	5.2	5.7	7.2	6.9
				Benin	3.9	3.0	2.9	3.8	4.6	5.0	2.7	2.5	3.4	4.3
				Burkina Faso	5.5	4.5	8.7	5.5	3.6	5.2	3.2	5.8	5.5	5.6
				Ethiopia	11.8	11.7	12.6	11.5	11.8	11.2	10.0	8.0	8.5	8.0
				Ghana	6.2	5.4	6.2	4.6	6.5	8.4	4.7	5.7	13.7	7.3
				Kenya	5.1	4.6	6.0	6.3	7.0	1.6	2.6	5.0	5.7	6.5
				Madagascar	5.7	5.3	4.6	5.0	6.2	7.1	-3.7	-2.0	0.6	4.7
				Malawi	6.0	5.5	2.6	7.7	5.8	8.6	7.6	6.6	6.1	5.7
				Mali	4.6	2.3	6.1	5.3	4.3	5.0	4.5	4.5	6.0	5.4
				Mozambique	7.8	7.9	8.4	8.7	7.3	6.8	6.3	7.0	7.5	7.8
				Niger	5.2	-0.8	8.4	5.8	3.3	9.3	-0.9	7.5	5.5	15.4
				Rwanda	8.6	7.4	9.4	9.2	5.5	11.2	4.1	6.5	6.5	7.0
				Senegal	4.4	5.9	5.6	2.4	5.0	3.2	2.2	4.2	4.5	4.8
				Tanzania	7.3	7.8	7.4	7.0	6.9	7.3	6.7	6.5	6.4	6.6
				Uganda	8.2	6.8	6.3	10.8	8.4	8.7	7.2	5.2	6.0	6.5
				Zambia	5.8	5.4	5.3	6.2	6.2	5.7	6.4	7.6	6.8	7.4
		Fragile countries			3.3	3.2	3.5	2.9	3.3	3.5	3.1	4.0	0.6	5.7
			Including Zimbabwe		2.8	3.2	3.1	2.5	2.9	2.5	3.2	4.2	1.3	5.6
				Burundi	3.8	4.8	0.9	5.1	3.6	4.5	3.5	3.9	4.5	4.8
				Central African Republic	2.6	1.0	2.4	3.8	3.7	2.0	1.7	3.3	4.1	5.0
				Comoros	1.3	-0.2	4.2	1.2	0.5	1.0	1.8	2.1	2.4	3.5
				Congo, Dem. Rep. of	6.5	6.6	7.8	5.6	6.3	6.2	2.8	7.2	6.5	6.0
				Côte d’Ivoire	1.6	1.6	1.9	0.7	1.6	2.3	3.8	2.6	-7.5	6.0
				Eritrea	-1.1	1.5	2.6	-1.0	1.4	-9.8	3.9	2.2	7.9	6.1
				Gambia, The	4.6	7.0	0.3	3.4	6.0	6.3	6.7	5.7	5.5	5.5
				Guinea	2.9	2.3	3.0	2.5	1.8	4.9	-0.3	1.9	4.0	4.5
				Guinea-Bissau	3.1	2.8	4.3	2.1	3.2	3.2	3.0	3.5	4.3	4.5
				Liberia	6.4	2.6	5.3	7.8	9.4	7.1	4.6	5.1	5.9	9.8
				São Tomé & Príncipe	6.1	6.6	5.7	6.7	6.0	5.8	4.0	4.5	5.0	6.0
				Sierra Leone	6.8	7.4	7.2	7.3	6.4	5.5	3.2	5.0	5.1	6.0
				Togo	2.4	2.1	1.2	4.1	2.3	2.4	3.2	3.4	3.6	4.0
				Zimbabwe¹	-6.8	-6.9	-2.2	-3.5	-3.7	-17.7	6.0	9.0	7.3	5.7
Sub-Saharan Africa					6.6	7.2	6.3	6.4	7.3	5.7	2.8	4.9	5.5	5.9
			Median		5.2	4.8	5.3	5.3	5.6	5.2	3.2	5.0	5.5	5.6
	Including Zimbabwe				6.5	7.1	6.2	6.4	7.2	5.6	2.8	5.0	5.6	5.9
	Excluding Nigeria and South Africa				7.5	7.5	7.4	7.1	8.5	6.9	3.8	4.7	6.1	6.7
Oil-importing countries					5.5	5.2	5.7	5.9	6.0	4.9	1.5	4.2	4.9	5.3
	Excluding South Africa				6.1	5.8	6.0	6.2	6.3	6.1	4.2	5.4	5.9	6.5
CFA franc zone					4.8	7.7	4.9	2.9	4.6	4.1	2.8	4.0	3.3	5.3
	WAEMU				3.7	2.9	4.7	3.2	3.4	4.2	3.0	4.1	1.3	6.2
	CEMAC				6.0	12.6	5.1	2.5	5.9	4.0	2.6	3.9	5.2	4.4
EAC-5					6.7	6.3	6.6	7.7	7.1	5.7	5.1	5.6	6.1	6.5
SADC					6.6	5.7	6.7	7.2	7.9	5.5	0.0	3.3	4.6	5.3
SACU					4.9	4.8	5.0	5.6	5.5	3.6	-1.7	3.1	3.6	4.0
COMESA					7.3	6.8	7.2	7.9	7.9	6.8	5.2	5.6	6.2	6.5
Resource-intensive countries					7.9	10.2	6.8	6.9	8.9	6.6	4.5	6.0	5.9	6.7
	Oil				8.7	11.2	7.6	7.6	9.9	7.1	5.2	6.2	6.7	6.9
	Non-oil resource-intensive countries				3.4	4.7	2.3	3.5	3.4	3.3	0.4	4.7	0.3	5.8
Non-resource-intensive countries					5.8	5.3	6.0	6.2	6.2	5.1	1.6	4.2	5.3	5.3
	Coastal Non-resource-intensive countries				5.2	4.9	5.4	5.6	5.8	4.2	0.3	3.5	4.8	4.8
	Landlocked Non-resource-intensive countries				8.0	6.9	8.4	8.5	7.7	8.5	6.4	6.5	6.7	7.1
MDRI					6.7	6.2	6.9	6.7	6.5	7.3	5.2	5.7	7.0	6.6
Fixed exchange rate regimes					4.8	7.6	4.7	3.1	4.6	3.9	2.6	3.9	3.4	5.2
Floating exchange rate					6.9	7.1	6.6	7.1	7.8	6.0	2.8	5.1	5.9	6.0

Sources: IMF, African Department database, April 1, 2011; and IMF, World Economic Outlook (WEO) database, April 1, 2011.

^{Table SA1.}

Real GDP Growth

(Percent)

					2004-08	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012
Oil-exporting countries					8.7	11.2	7.6	7.6	9.9	7.1	5.2	6.2	6.7	6.9
	Excluding Nigeria				11.2	12.3	11.2	9.7	14.2	8.7	2.5	2.8	6.5	7.4
				Angola	17.8	11.2	20.6	19.5	23.9	13.8	2.4	1.6	7.8	10.5
				Cameroon	3.0	3.7	2.3	3.2	3.4	2.6	2.0	3.0	3.5	4.5
				Chad	8.3	33.6	7.9	0.2	0.2	-0.4	0.3	5.1	4.1	6.0
				Congo, Rep. of	4.3	3.5	7.8	6.2	-1.6	5.6	7.5	9.1	7.8	4.7
				Equatorial Guinea	16.2	38.0	9.7	1.3	21.4	10.7	5.7	-0.8	7.2	4.0
				Gabon	2.7	1.4	3.0	1.2	5.6	2.3	-1.4	5.7	5.6	3.3
				Nigeria	7.0	10.6	5.4	6.2	7.0	6.0	7.0	8.4	6.9	6.6
Middle-income countries					4.9	4.8	4.9	5.6	5.5	3.6	-1.5	3.1	3.7	4.0
	Excluding South Africa				4.6	6.3	2.1	5.3	5.2	3.9	-0.5	5.7	4.7	5.1
				Botswana	4.1	6.0	1.6	5.1	4.8	3.1	-3.7	8.6	6.0	6.6
				Cape Verde	7.2	4.3	6.5	10.1	8.6	6.2	3.6	5.4	5.5	6.8
				Lesotho	3.7	2.3	2.4	4.7	4.5	4.7	3.0	2.4	3.1	4.1
				Mauritius	4.6	5.5	1.5	4.5	5.9	5.5	3.0	4.0	4.1	4.2
				Namibia	6.3	12.3	2.5	7.1	5.4	4.3	-0.8	4.4	4.8	4.5
				Seychelles	3.7	-2.9	6.7	6.4	9.6	-1.3	0.7	6.2	4.0	4.7
				South Africa	4.9	4.6	5.3	5.6	5.6	3.6	-1.7	2.8	3.5	3.8
				Swaziland	2.7	2.5	2.2	2.9	2.8	3.1	1.2	2.0	0.5	1.5
Low-income countries					6.3	5.8	6.6	6.3	6.5	6.4	4.8	5.4	6.1	6.7
		Excluding fragile countries			7.0	6.4	7.3	7.2	7.2	7.1	5.2	5.7	7.2	6.9
				Benin	3.9	3.0	2.9	3.8	4.6	5.0	2.7	2.5	3.4	4.3
				Burkina Faso	5.5	4.5	8.7	5.5	3.6	5.2	3.2	5.8	5.5	5.6
				Ethiopia	11.8	11.7	12.6	11.5	11.8	11.2	10.0	8.0	8.5	8.0
				Ghana	6.2	5.4	6.2	4.6	6.5	8.4	4.7	5.7	13.7	7.3
				Kenya	5.1	4.6	6.0	6.3	7.0	1.6	2.6	5.0	5.7	6.5
				Madagascar	5.7	5.3	4.6	5.0	6.2	7.1	-3.7	-2.0	0.6	4.7
				Malawi	6.0	5.5	2.6	7.7	5.8	8.6	7.6	6.6	6.1	5.7
				Mali	4.6	2.3	6.1	5.3	4.3	5.0	4.5	4.5	6.0	5.4
				Mozambique	7.8	7.9	8.4	8.7	7.3	6.8	6.3	7.0	7.5	7.8
				Niger	5.2	-0.8	8.4	5.8	3.3	9.3	-0.9	7.5	5.5	15.4
				Rwanda	8.6	7.4	9.4	9.2	5.5	11.2	4.1	6.5	6.5	7.0
				Senegal	4.4	5.9	5.6	2.4	5.0	3.2	2.2	4.2	4.5	4.8
				Tanzania	7.3	7.8	7.4	7.0	6.9	7.3	6.7	6.5	6.4	6.6
				Uganda	8.2	6.8	6.3	10.8	8.4	8.7	7.2	5.2	6.0	6.5
				Zambia	5.8	5.4	5.3	6.2	6.2	5.7	6.4	7.6	6.8	7.4
		Fragile countries			3.3	3.2	3.5	2.9	3.3	3.5	3.1	4.0	0.6	5.7
			Including Zimbabwe		2.8	3.2	3.1	2.5	2.9	2.5	3.2	4.2	1.3	5.6
				Burundi	3.8	4.8	0.9	5.1	3.6	4.5	3.5	3.9	4.5	4.8
				Central African Republic	2.6	1.0	2.4	3.8	3.7	2.0	1.7	3.3	4.1	5.0
				Comoros	1.3	-0.2	4.2	1.2	0.5	1.0	1.8	2.1	2.4	3.5
				Congo, Dem. Rep. of	6.5	6.6	7.8	5.6	6.3	6.2	2.8	7.2	6.5	6.0
				Côte d’Ivoire	1.6	1.6	1.9	0.7	1.6	2.3	3.8	2.6	-7.5	6.0
				Eritrea	-1.1	1.5	2.6	-1.0	1.4	-9.8	3.9	2.2	7.9	6.1
				Gambia, The	4.6	7.0	0.3	3.4	6.0	6.3	6.7	5.7	5.5	5.5
				Guinea	2.9	2.3	3.0	2.5	1.8	4.9	-0.3	1.9	4.0	4.5
				Guinea-Bissau	3.1	2.8	4.3	2.1	3.2	3.2	3.0	3.5	4.3	4.5
				Liberia	6.4	2.6	5.3	7.8	9.4	7.1	4.6	5.1	5.9	9.8
				São Tomé & Príncipe	6.1	6.6	5.7	6.7	6.0	5.8	4.0	4.5	5.0	6.0
				Sierra Leone	6.8	7.4	7.2	7.3	6.4	5.5	3.2	5.0	5.1	6.0
				Togo	2.4	2.1	1.2	4.1	2.3	2.4	3.2	3.4	3.6	4.0
				Zimbabwe¹	-6.8	-6.9	-2.2	-3.5	-3.7	-17.7	6.0	9.0	7.3	5.7
Sub-Saharan Africa					6.6	7.2	6.3	6.4	7.3	5.7	2.8	4.9	5.5	5.9
			Median		5.2	4.8	5.3	5.3	5.6	5.2	3.2	5.0	5.5	5.6
	Including Zimbabwe				6.5	7.1	6.2	6.4	7.2	5.6	2.8	5.0	5.6	5.9
	Excluding Nigeria and South Africa				7.5	7.5	7.4	7.1	8.5	6.9	3.8	4.7	6.1	6.7
Oil-importing countries					5.5	5.2	5.7	5.9	6.0	4.9	1.5	4.2	4.9	5.3
	Excluding South Africa				6.1	5.8	6.0	6.2	6.3	6.1	4.2	5.4	5.9	6.5
CFA franc zone					4.8	7.7	4.9	2.9	4.6	4.1	2.8	4.0	3.3	5.3
	WAEMU				3.7	2.9	4.7	3.2	3.4	4.2	3.0	4.1	1.3	6.2
	CEMAC				6.0	12.6	5.1	2.5	5.9	4.0	2.6	3.9	5.2	4.4
EAC-5					6.7	6.3	6.6	7.7	7.1	5.7	5.1	5.6	6.1	6.5
SADC					6.6	5.7	6.7	7.2	7.9	5.5	0.0	3.3	4.6	5.3
SACU					4.9	4.8	5.0	5.6	5.5	3.6	-1.7	3.1	3.6	4.0
COMESA					7.3	6.8	7.2	7.9	7.9	6.8	5.2	5.6	6.2	6.5
Resource-intensive countries					7.9	10.2	6.8	6.9	8.9	6.6	4.5	6.0	5.9	6.7
	Oil				8.7	11.2	7.6	7.6	9.9	7.1	5.2	6.2	6.7	6.9
	Non-oil resource-intensive countries				3.4	4.7	2.3	3.5	3.4	3.3	0.4	4.7	0.3	5.8
Non-resource-intensive countries					5.8	5.3	6.0	6.2	6.2	5.1	1.6	4.2	5.3	5.3
	Coastal Non-resource-intensive countries				5.2	4.9	5.4	5.6	5.8	4.2	0.3	3.5	4.8	4.8
	Landlocked Non-resource-intensive countries				8.0	6.9	8.4	8.5	7.7	8.5	6.4	6.5	6.7	7.1
MDRI					6.7	6.2	6.9	6.7	6.5	7.3	5.2	5.7	7.0	6.6
Fixed exchange rate regimes					4.8	7.6	4.7	3.1	4.6	3.9	2.6	3.9	3.4	5.2
Floating exchange rate					6.9	7.1	6.6	7.1	7.8	6.0	2.8	5.1	5.9	6.0

Sources: IMF, African Department database, April 1, 2011; and IMF, World Economic Outlook (WEO) database, April 1, 2011.

Table SA2.

Real Non-Oil GDP Growth

(Percent)

Sources: IMF, African Department database, April 1, 2011; and IMF, World Economic Outlook (WEO) database, April 1, 2011.

Table SA2.

Real Non-Oil GDP Growth

(Percent)

					2004-08	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012
Oil-exporting countries					10.9	11.3	8.3	11.9	13.7	9.5	8.0	6.7	7.8	7.5
	Excluding Nigeria				12.7	8.1	10.4	15.4	19.0	10.5	7.6	4.9	8.0	7.7
				Angola	18.0	9.0	14.1	25.2	26.8	15.0	8.1	4.6	9.2	10.4
				Cameroon	3.6	4.9	3.2	2.9	4.0	3.1	2.9	3.8	4.0	3.7
				Chad	4.8	2.1	11.0	4.7	3.1	3.2	1.9	5.9	6.0	6.3
				Congo, Rep. of	5.7	5.0	5.4	5.9	6.6	5.4	3.9	6.5	7.3	7.9
				Equatorial Guinea	29.3	28.4	22.8	29.8	47.2	18.1	27.6	5.3	12.8	5.0
				Gabon	4.2	2.3	4.3	4.9	6.2	3.4	-0.5	6.1	6.7	4.3
				Nigeria	9.8	13.3	7.0	9.6	10.1	8.9	8.3	7.9	7.7	7.4
Middle-income countries					4.9	4.8	4.9	5.6	5.5	3.6	-1.5	3.1	3.7	4.0
	Excluding South Africa				4.6	6.3	2.1	5.3	5.2	3.9	-0.5	5.7	4.7	5.1
				Botswana	4.1	6.0	1.6	5.1	4.8	3.1	-3.7	8.6	6.0	6.6
				Cape Verde	7.2	4.3	6.5	10.1	8.6	6.2	3.6	5.4	5.5	6.8
				Lesotho	3.7	2.3	2.4	4.7	4.5	4.7	3.0	2.4	3.1	4.1
				Mauritius	4.6	5.5	1.5	4.5	5.9	5.5	3.0	4.0	4.1	4.2
				Namibia	6.3	12.3	2.5	7.1	5.4	4.3	-0.8	4.4	4.8	4.5
				Seychelles	3.7	-2.9	6.7	6.4	9.6	-1.3	0.7	6.2	4.0	4.7
				South Africa	4.9	4.6	5.3	5.6	5.6	3.6	-1.7	2.8	3.5	3.8
				Swaziland	2.7	2.5	2.2	2.9	2.8	3.1	1.2	2.0	0.5	1.5
Low-income countries					6.3	5.8	6.5	6.3	6.5	6.5	4.8	5.4	5.3	6.6
		Excluding fragile countries			7.0	6.4	7.3	7.2	7.2	7.1	5.2	5.7	6.3	6.8
				Benin	3.9	3.0	2.9	3.8	4.6	5.0	2.7	2.5	3.4	4.3
				Burkina Faso	5.5	4.5	8.7	5.5	3.6	5.2	3.2	5.8	5.5	5.6
				Ethiopia	11.8	11.7	12.6	11.5	11.8	11.2	10.0	8.0	8.5	8.0
				Ghana	6.2	5.4	6.2	4.6	6.5	8.4	4.7	5.7	6.5	6.6
				Kenya	5.1	4.6	6.0	6.3	7.0	1.6	2.6	5.0	5.7	6.5
				Madagascar	5.7	5.3	4.6	5.0	6.2	7.1	-3.7	-2.0	0.6	4.7
				Malawi	6.0	5.5	2.6	7.7	5.8	8.6	7.6	6.6	6.1	5.7
				Mali	4.6	2.3	6.1	5.3	4.3	5.0	4.5	4.5	6.0	5.4
				Mozambique	7.8	7.9	8.4	8.7	7.3	6.8	6.3	7.0	7.5	7.8
				Niger	5.2	-0.8	8.4	5.8	3.3	9.3	-0.9	7.5	5.5	15.4
				Rwanda	8.6	7.4	9.4	9.2	5.5	11.2	4.1	6.5	6.5	7.0
				Senegal	4.4	5.9	5.6	2.4	5.0	3.2	2.2	4.2	4.5	4.8
				Tanzania	7.3	7.8	7.4	7.0	6.9	7.3	6.7	6.5	6.4	6.6
				Uganda	8.2	6.8	6.3	10.8	8.4	8.7	7.2	5.2	6.0	6.5
				Zambia	5.8	5.4	5.3	6.2	6.2	5.7	6.4	7.6	6.8	7.4
		Fragile countries			3.2	3.2	3.3	2.6	3.5	3.5	3.0	4.1	0.6	5.5
			Including Zimbabwe		2.8	3.2	2.9	2.2	3.1	2.5	3.2	4.4	1.3	5.5
				Burundi	3.8	4.8	0.9	5.1	3.6	4.5	3.5	3.9	4.5	4.8
				Central African Republic	2.6	1.0	2.4	3.8	3.7	2.0	1.7	3.3	4.1	5.0
				Comoros	1.3	-0.2	4.2	1.2	0.5	1.0	1.8	2.1	2.4	3.5
				Congo, Dem. Rep. of	6.5	6.6	7.8	5.6	6.3	6.2	2.8	7.2	6.5	6.0
				Côte d’Ivoire	1.5	1.6	1.3	0.0	2.1	2.5	3.7	3.0	-7.6	5.6
				Eritrea	-1.1	1.5	2.6	-1.0	1.4	-9.8	3.9	2.2	7.9	6.1
				Gambia, The	4.6	7.0	0.3	3.4	6.0	6.3	6.7	5.7	5.5	5.5
				Guinea	2.9	2.3	3.0	2.5	1.8	4.9	-0.3	1.9	4.0	4.5
				Guinea-Bissau	3.1	2.8	4.3	2.1	3.2	3.2	3.0	3.5	4.3	4.5
				Liberia	6.4	2.6	5.3	7.8	9.4	7.1	4.6	5.1	5.9	9.8
				São Tomé & Príncipe	6.1	6.6	5.7	6.7	6.0	5.8	4.0	4.5	5.0	6.0
				Sierra Leone	6.8	7.4	7.2	7.3	6.4	5.5	3.2	5.0	5.1	6.0
				Togo	2.4	2.1	1.2	4.1	2.3	2.4	3.2	3.4	3.6	4.0
				Zimbabwe¹	-6.8	-6.9	-2.2	-3.5	-3.7	-17.7	6.0	9.0	7.3	5.7
Sub-Saharan Africa					7.3	7.2	6.5	7.8	8.5	6.5	3.7	5.1	5.6	6.1
			Median		5.3	4.9	5.3	5.5	5.8	5.2	3.2	5.0	5.5	5.6
	Including Zimbabwe				7.2	7.2	6.4	7.7	8.4	6.4	3.8	5.1	5.7	6.1
	Excluding Nigeria and South Africa				7.9	6.4	7.1	8.6	9.8	7.4	5.1	5.3	6.0	6.7
Oil-importing countries					5.5	5.2	5.6	5.9	6.0	4.9	1.5	4.3	4.5	5.3
	Excluding South Africa				6.1	5.8	6.0	6.2	6.4	6.2	4.2	5.5	5.2	6.4
CFA franc zone					6.0	5.1	6.2	5.5	7.8	5.2	5.0	4.6	4.0	5.6
	WAEMU				3.6	2.9	4.5	3.0	3.5	4.2	2.9	4.2	1.3	6.1
	CEMAC				8.3	7.4	7.9	8.1	12.2	6.2	7.0	5.1	6.8	5.0
EAC-5					6.7	6.3	6.6	7.7	7.1	5.7	5.1	5.6	6.1	6.5
SADC					6.7	5.5	6.1	7.9	8.3	5.6	0.7	3.7	4.8	5.3
SACU					4.9	4.8	5.0	5.6	5.5	3.6	-1.7	3.1	3.6	4.0
COMESA					7.3	6.8	7.2	7.9	7.9	6.8	5.2	5.6	6.2	6.5
Resource-intensive countries					9.8	10.3	7.3	10.5	12.2	8.7	7.0	6.5	6.8	7.3
	Oil				10.9	11.3	8.3	11.9	13.7	9.5	8.0	6.7	7.8	7.5
	Non-oil resource-intensive countries				3.4	4.7	2.0	3.2	3.6	3.4	0.4	4.8	0.3	5.7
Non-resource-intensive countries					5.8	5.3	6.0	6.2	6.2	5.1	1.6	4.2	4.8	5.2
	Coastal Non-resource-intensive countries				5.2	4.9	5.4	5.6	5.8	4.2	0.3	3.5	4.3	4.7
	Landlocked Non-resource-intensive countries				8.0	6.9	8.4	8.5	7.7	8.5	6.4	6.5	6.7	7.1
MDRI					6.8	6.4	6.9	6.7	6.8	7.3	5.2	5.7	6.1	6.5
Fixed exchange rate regimes					5.8	5.3	5.8	5.4	7.5	4.9	4.6	4.5	4.0	5.4
Floating exchange rate					7.6	7.6	6.6	8.3	8.7	6.8	3.6	5.2	5.9	6.2

Sources: IMF, African Department database, April 1, 2011; and IMF, World Economic Outlook (WEO) database, April 1, 2011.

Table SA2.

Real Non-Oil GDP Growth

(Percent)

					2004-08	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012
Oil-exporting countries					10.9	11.3	8.3	11.9	13.7	9.5	8.0	6.7	7.8	7.5
	Excluding Nigeria				12.7	8.1	10.4	15.4	19.0	10.5	7.6	4.9	8.0	7.7
				Angola	18.0	9.0	14.1	25.2	26.8	15.0	8.1	4.6	9.2	10.4
				Cameroon	3.6	4.9	3.2	2.9	4.0	3.1	2.9	3.8	4.0	3.7
				Chad	4.8	2.1	11.0	4.7	3.1	3.2	1.9	5.9	6.0	6.3
				Congo, Rep. of	5.7	5.0	5.4	5.9	6.6	5.4	3.9	6.5	7.3	7.9
				Equatorial Guinea	29.3	28.4	22.8	29.8	47.2	18.1	27.6	5.3	12.8	5.0
				Gabon	4.2	2.3	4.3	4.9	6.2	3.4	-0.5	6.1	6.7	4.3
				Nigeria	9.8	13.3	7.0	9.6	10.1	8.9	8.3	7.9	7.7	7.4
Middle-income countries					4.9	4.8	4.9	5.6	5.5	3.6	-1.5	3.1	3.7	4.0
	Excluding South Africa				4.6	6.3	2.1	5.3	5.2	3.9	-0.5	5.7	4.7	5.1
				Botswana	4.1	6.0	1.6	5.1	4.8	3.1	-3.7	8.6	6.0	6.6
				Cape Verde	7.2	4.3	6.5	10.1	8.6	6.2	3.6	5.4	5.5	6.8
				Lesotho	3.7	2.3	2.4	4.7	4.5	4.7	3.0	2.4	3.1	4.1
				Mauritius	4.6	5.5	1.5	4.5	5.9	5.5	3.0	4.0	4.1	4.2
				Namibia	6.3	12.3	2.5	7.1	5.4	4.3	-0.8	4.4	4.8	4.5
				Seychelles	3.7	-2.9	6.7	6.4	9.6	-1.3	0.7	6.2	4.0	4.7
				South Africa	4.9	4.6	5.3	5.6	5.6	3.6	-1.7	2.8	3.5	3.8
				Swaziland	2.7	2.5	2.2	2.9	2.8	3.1	1.2	2.0	0.5	1.5
Low-income countries					6.3	5.8	6.5	6.3	6.5	6.5	4.8	5.4	5.3	6.6
		Excluding fragile countries			7.0	6.4	7.3	7.2	7.2	7.1	5.2	5.7	6.3	6.8
				Benin	3.9	3.0	2.9	3.8	4.6	5.0	2.7	2.5	3.4	4.3
				Burkina Faso	5.5	4.5	8.7	5.5	3.6	5.2	3.2	5.8	5.5	5.6
				Ethiopia	11.8	11.7	12.6	11.5	11.8	11.2	10.0	8.0	8.5	8.0
				Ghana	6.2	5.4	6.2	4.6	6.5	8.4	4.7	5.7	6.5	6.6
				Kenya	5.1	4.6	6.0	6.3	7.0	1.6	2.6	5.0	5.7	6.5
				Madagascar	5.7	5.3	4.6	5.0	6.2	7.1	-3.7	-2.0	0.6	4.7
				Malawi	6.0	5.5	2.6	7.7	5.8	8.6	7.6	6.6	6.1	5.7
				Mali	4.6	2.3	6.1	5.3	4.3	5.0	4.5	4.5	6.0	5.4
				Mozambique	7.8	7.9	8.4	8.7	7.3	6.8	6.3	7.0	7.5	7.8
				Niger	5.2	-0.8	8.4	5.8	3.3	9.3	-0.9	7.5	5.5	15.4
				Rwanda	8.6	7.4	9.4	9.2	5.5	11.2	4.1	6.5	6.5	7.0
				Senegal	4.4	5.9	5.6	2.4	5.0	3.2	2.2	4.2	4.5	4.8
				Tanzania	7.3	7.8	7.4	7.0	6.9	7.3	6.7	6.5	6.4	6.6
				Uganda	8.2	6.8	6.3	10.8	8.4	8.7	7.2	5.2	6.0	6.5
				Zambia	5.8	5.4	5.3	6.2	6.2	5.7	6.4	7.6	6.8	7.4
		Fragile countries			3.2	3.2	3.3	2.6	3.5	3.5	3.0	4.1	0.6	5.5
			Including Zimbabwe		2.8	3.2	2.9	2.2	3.1	2.5	3.2	4.4	1.3	5.5
				Burundi	3.8	4.8	0.9	5.1	3.6	4.5	3.5	3.9	4.5	4.8
				Central African Republic	2.6	1.0	2.4	3.8	3.7	2.0	1.7	3.3	4.1	5.0
				Comoros	1.3	-0.2	4.2	1.2	0.5	1.0	1.8	2.1	2.4	3.5
				Congo, Dem. Rep. of	6.5	6.6	7.8	5.6	6.3	6.2	2.8	7.2	6.5	6.0
				Côte d’Ivoire	1.5	1.6	1.3	0.0	2.1	2.5	3.7	3.0	-7.6	5.6
				Eritrea	-1.1	1.5	2.6	-1.0	1.4	-9.8	3.9	2.2	7.9	6.1
				Gambia, The	4.6	7.0	0.3	3.4	6.0	6.3	6.7	5.7	5.5	5.5
				Guinea	2.9	2.3	3.0	2.5	1.8	4.9	-0.3	1.9	4.0	4.5
				Guinea-Bissau	3.1	2.8	4.3	2.1	3.2	3.2	3.0	3.5	4.3	4.5
				Liberia	6.4	2.6	5.3	7.8	9.4	7.1	4.6	5.1	5.9	9.8
				São Tomé & Príncipe	6.1	6.6	5.7	6.7	6.0	5.8	4.0	4.5	5.0	6.0
				Sierra Leone	6.8	7.4	7.2	7.3	6.4	5.5	3.2	5.0	5.1	6.0
				Togo	2.4	2.1	1.2	4.1	2.3	2.4	3.2	3.4	3.6	4.0
				Zimbabwe¹	-6.8	-6.9	-2.2	-3.5	-3.7	-17.7	6.0	9.0	7.3	5.7
Sub-Saharan Africa					7.3	7.2	6.5	7.8	8.5	6.5	3.7	5.1	5.6	6.1
			Median		5.3	4.9	5.3	5.5	5.8	5.2	3.2	5.0	5.5	5.6
	Including Zimbabwe				7.2	7.2	6.4	7.7	8.4	6.4	3.8	5.1	5.7	6.1
	Excluding Nigeria and South Africa				7.9	6.4	7.1	8.6	9.8	7.4	5.1	5.3	6.0	6.7
Oil-importing countries					5.5	5.2	5.6	5.9	6.0	4.9	1.5	4.3	4.5	5.3
	Excluding South Africa				6.1	5.8	6.0	6.2	6.4	6.2	4.2	5.5	5.2	6.4
CFA franc zone					6.0	5.1	6.2	5.5	7.8	5.2	5.0	4.6	4.0	5.6
	WAEMU				3.6	2.9	4.5	3.0	3.5	4.2	2.9	4.2	1.3	6.1
	CEMAC				8.3	7.4	7.9	8.1	12.2	6.2	7.0	5.1	6.8	5.0
EAC-5					6.7	6.3	6.6	7.7	7.1	5.7	5.1	5.6	6.1	6.5
SADC					6.7	5.5	6.1	7.9	8.3	5.6	0.7	3.7	4.8	5.3
SACU					4.9	4.8	5.0	5.6	5.5	3.6	-1.7	3.1	3.6	4.0
COMESA					7.3	6.8	7.2	7.9	7.9	6.8	5.2	5.6	6.2	6.5
Resource-intensive countries					9.8	10.3	7.3	10.5	12.2	8.7	7.0	6.5	6.8	7.3
	Oil				10.9	11.3	8.3	11.9	13.7	9.5	8.0	6.7	7.8	7.5
	Non-oil resource-intensive countries				3.4	4.7	2.0	3.2	3.6	3.4	0.4	4.8	0.3	5.7
Non-resource-intensive countries					5.8	5.3	6.0	6.2	6.2	5.1	1.6	4.2	4.8	5.2
	Coastal Non-resource-intensive countries				5.2	4.9	5.4	5.6	5.8	4.2	0.3	3.5	4.3	4.7
	Landlocked Non-resource-intensive countries				8.0	6.9	8.4	8.5	7.7	8.5	6.4	6.5	6.7	7.1
MDRI					6.8	6.4	6.9	6.7	6.8	7.3	5.2	5.7	6.1	6.5
Fixed exchange rate regimes					5.8	5.3	5.8	5.4	7.5	4.9	4.6	4.5	4.0	5.4
Floating exchange rate					7.6	7.6	6.6	8.3	8.7	6.8	3.6	5.2	5.9	6.2

Sources: IMF, African Department database, April 1, 2011; and IMF, World Economic Outlook (WEO) database, April 1, 2011.

Table SA3.

Real Per Capita GDP Growth

(Percent)

Sources: IMF, African Department database, April 1, 2011; and IMF, World Economic Outlook (WEO) database, April 1, 2011.

Table SA3.

Real Per Capita GDP Growth

(Percent)

					2004-08	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012
Oil-exporting countries					5.8	8.2	4.7	4.7	6.9	4.3	2.4	3.4	3.9	4.0
	Excluding Nigeria				8.2	9.2	8.1	6.7	11.1	6.0	-0.1	0.1	3.7	4.6
				Angola	14.6	8.0	17.2	16.2	20.6	10.9	-0.2	-1.3	4.6	7.3
				Cameroon	0.2	0.9	-0.5	0.4	0.6	-0.2	-0.8	0.5	1.0	2.0
				Chad	5.7	30.4	5.3	-2.3	-2.3	-2.8	-2.2	2.5	1.5	3.5
				Congo, Rep. of	1.4	0.6	4.7	3.2	-4.4	2.6	4.4	6.0	4.8	1.7
				Equatorial Guinea	12.9	34.1	6.7	-1.6	18.0	7.6	2.8	-3.6	4.1	1.1
				Gabon	0.4	-1.1	0.5	-1.3	3.0	0.8	-2.8	4.2	4.1	1.8
				Nigeria	4.2	7.6	2.6	3.4	4.1	3.1	4.1	5.5	4.0	3.7
Middle-income countries					3.7	3.7	3.9	4.4	4.5	1.9	-2.8	2.0	2.5	2.8
	Excluding South Africa				3.4	5.1	1.0	4.2	3.8	2.6	-1.4	4.8	3.7	4.1
				Botswana	3.0	4.8	0.8	4.3	3.5	1.8	-4.9	7.1	4.6	5.2
				Cape Verde	5.5	2.5	5.0	8.3	7.1	4.7	0.7	3.4	2.6	3.8
				Lesotho	1.8	0.1	0.6	2.8	2.6	2.8	1.2	0.6	1.3	2.2
				Mauritius	3.8	4.6	0.7	3.7	4.9	5.2	2.5	3.6	3.5	3.6
				Namibia	4.4	10.4	0.7	5.2	3.5	2.4	-1.6	3.5	4.0	3.6
				Seychelles	2.7	-2.5	6.2	4.2	9.0	-3.4	0.3	5.8	3.6	4.4
				South Africa	3.7	3.5	4.3	4.5	4.6	1.8	-2.9	1.6	2.3	2.6
				Swaziland	1.6	1.8	1.3	1.8	1.5	1.6	1.4	2.4	0.9	1.9
Low-income countries					3.6	2.9	4.0	3.6	3.7	3.7	2.1	2.7	3.4	3.9
		Excluding fragile countries			4.4	3.8	4.8	4.4	4.5	4.4	2.5	3.0	4.5	4.2
				Benin	0.9	-0.3	-0.4	0.9	1.8	2.2	-0.1	-0.3	0.6	1.4
				Burkina Faso	2.9	1.3	6.1	3.1	1.2	2.8	0.9	3.4	3.1	3.2
				Ethiopia	8.9	8.9	9.8	8.7	8.9	8.3	7.2	5.5	6.0	5.5
				Ghana	3.6	2.7	3.5	1.9	3.8	5.7	2.0	3.1	10.8	4.6
				Kenya	2.4	2.6	4.0	3.2	3.9	-1.4	-0.4	2.0	2.7	3.5
				Madagascar	2.8	2.4	1.8	2.2	3.4	4.3	-6.2	-4.5	-1.9	2.1
				Malawi	3.4	3.3	0.5	4.7	2.9	5.6	4.6	3.7	3.2	2.8
				Mali	2.1	-0.2	3.6	2.8	1.9	2.5	2.0	1.4	2.9	2.3
				Mozambique	5.7	5.8	6.3	6.6	5.2	4.7	4.2	4.9	5.4	5.7
				Niger	2.0	-3.8	5.2	2.6	0.2	6.0	-3.8	4.3	2.3	11.9
				Rwanda	6.6	5.9	7.5	7.3	3.3	8.9	2.0	4.3	4.3	4.8
				Senegal	2.0	3.4	3.2	0.0	2.5	0.8	-0.2	1.8	2.0	2.3
				Tanzania	5.1	5.5	5.1	5.1	4.9	5.2	4.6	4.4	4.4	4.5
				Uganda	4.7	3.4	2.9	7.2	4.9	5.2	3.5	1.5	2.3	2.8
				Zambia	3.3	3.1	3.0	3.7	3.6	3.1	3.8	5.0	4.2	4.8
		Fragile countries			0.3	-0.4	0.8	0.0	0.5	0.6	0.1	1.1	-2.2	2.7
			Including Zimbabwe		-0.1	-1.0	0.5	-0.2	0.2	-0.3	0.4	1.5	-1.7	2.9
				Burundi	1.8	2.8	-1.1	3.1	1.5	2.5	1.4	1.8	2.4	2.7
				Central African Republic	0.6	-1.0	0.4	1.8	1.7	0.0	-1.9	0.8	1.6	2.4
				Comoros	-0.7	-2.3	2.1	-0.8	-1.6	-1.1	-0.3	0.0	0.3	1.3
				Congo, Dem. Rep. of	3.4	3.5	4.7	2.5	3.2	3.1	-0.2	4.1	3.4	2.9
				Côte d’Ivoire	-1.7	-3.3	-0.8	-2.2	-1.4	-0.7	0.7	-0.4	…	…
				Eritrea	-4.5	-2.6	-1.2	-4.3	-1.9	-12.6	0.7	-0.9	4.6	2.9
				Gambia, The	1.0	3.4	-3.2	-0.2	2.4	2.7	3.1	2.2	2.0	2.0
				Guinea	0.8	0.4	1.0	0.4	-0.4	2.6	-2.7	-0.5	1.4	1.9
				Guinea-Bissau	0.8	0.3	1.8	-0.2	0.9	1.0	0.8	1.2	2.1	2.3
				Liberia	2.7	0.8	2.4	3.7	4.4	1.9	-0.2	0.8	2.1	6.3
				São Tomé & Príncipe	4.4	4.8	3.9	5.0	4.3	4.1	2.4	2.8	3.3	4.3
				Sierra Leone	3.4	3.1	3.4	3.9	3.5	2.9	0.7	2.3	2.4	3.3
				Togo	-0.2	-0.5	-1.4	1.5	-0.2	-0.1	0.7	0.9	1.1	1.5
				Zimbabwe¹	-7.3	-7.9	-3.3	-3.4	-3.9	-18.2	6.0	9.0	7.3	5.7
Sub-Saharan Africa					4.3	4.9	4.2	4.3	5.1	3.3	0.6	2.7	3.3	3.6
			Median		2.9	2.7	2.9	3.1	3.2	2.6	0.7	2.3	2.8	2.9
	Including Zimbabwe				4.3	4.9	4.2	4.2	5.0	3.2	0.6	2.7	3.3	3.6
	Excluding Nigeria and South Africa				4.7	4.6	4.7	4.4	5.7	4.1	1.2	2.2	3.5	4.1
Oil-importing countries					3.6	3.3	3.9	4.0	4.1	2.7	-0.4	2.3	2.9	3.4
	Excluding South Africa				3.5	3.1	3.5	3.6	3.7	3.4	1.7	3.0	3.4	4.0
CFA franc zone					2.0	4.5	2.2	0.2	1.9	1.4	0.1	1.3	0.7	2.7
	WAEMU				0.8	-0.6	2.0	0.5	0.7	1.5	0.3	1.3	-1.4	3.3
	CEMAC				3.3	9.6	2.4	-0.2	3.1	1.4	0.0	1.4	2.7	1.9
EAC-5					4.1	3.9	4.2	4.9	4.3	3.0	2.3	2.8	3.3	3.8
SADC					4.9	4.1	5.2	5.6	6.3	3.4	-1.6	1.7	2.9	3.6
SACU					3.7	3.7	4.0	4.5	4.4	1.8	-2.9	1.9	2.4	2.8
COMESA					4.4	3.9	4.5	4.9	4.9	3.7	2.6	3.0	3.6	3.9
Resource-intensive countries					5.1	7.2	4.0	4.2	6.1	3.8	1.9	3.3	3.1	4.0
	Oil				5.8	8.2	4.7	4.7	6.9	4.3	2.4	3.4	3.9	4.0
	Non-oil resource-intensive countries				1.1	1.7	0.3	1.4	1.2	1.1	-1.7	2.5	-1.7	3.6
Non-resource-intensive countries					3.9	3.5	4.3	4.3	4.4	2.8	-0.3	2.3	3.3	3.4
	Coastal Non-resource-intensive countries				3.6	3.4	4.0	4.0	4.3	2.2	-1.4	1.9	3.1	3.1
	Landlocked Non-resource-intensive countries				4.8	3.6	5.3	5.5	4.6	5.2	3.7	3.8	4.0	4.3
MDRI					4.0	3.5	4.2	4.0	3.8	4.5	2.5	3.1	4.4	3.9
Fixed exchange rate regimes					2.0	4.5	2.0	0.4	1.9	1.3	0.1	1.4	0.9	2.7
Floating exchange rate					4.8	5.0	4.7	5.0	5.7	3.6	0.7	2.9	3.7	3.8

Sources: IMF, African Department database, April 1, 2011; and IMF, World Economic Outlook (WEO) database, April 1, 2011.

Table SA3.

Real Per Capita GDP Growth

(Percent)

					2004-08	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012
Oil-exporting countries					5.8	8.2	4.7	4.7	6.9	4.3	2.4	3.4	3.9	4.0
	Excluding Nigeria				8.2	9.2	8.1	6.7	11.1	6.0	-0.1	0.1	3.7	4.6
				Angola	14.6	8.0	17.2	16.2	20.6	10.9	-0.2	-1.3	4.6	7.3
				Cameroon	0.2	0.9	-0.5	0.4	0.6	-0.2	-0.8	0.5	1.0	2.0
				Chad	5.7	30.4	5.3	-2.3	-2.3	-2.8	-2.2	2.5	1.5	3.5
				Congo, Rep. of	1.4	0.6	4.7	3.2	-4.4	2.6	4.4	6.0	4.8	1.7
				Equatorial Guinea	12.9	34.1	6.7	-1.6	18.0	7.6	2.8	-3.6	4.1	1.1
				Gabon	0.4	-1.1	0.5	-1.3	3.0	0.8	-2.8	4.2	4.1	1.8
				Nigeria	4.2	7.6	2.6	3.4	4.1	3.1	4.1	5.5	4.0	3.7
Middle-income countries					3.7	3.7	3.9	4.4	4.5	1.9	-2.8	2.0	2.5	2.8
	Excluding South Africa				3.4	5.1	1.0	4.2	3.8	2.6	-1.4	4.8	3.7	4.1
				Botswana	3.0	4.8	0.8	4.3	3.5	1.8	-4.9	7.1	4.6	5.2
				Cape Verde	5.5	2.5	5.0	8.3	7.1	4.7	0.7	3.4	2.6	3.8
				Lesotho	1.8	0.1	0.6	2.8	2.6	2.8	1.2	0.6	1.3	2.2
				Mauritius	3.8	4.6	0.7	3.7	4.9	5.2	2.5	3.6	3.5	3.6
				Namibia	4.4	10.4	0.7	5.2	3.5	2.4	-1.6	3.5	4.0	3.6
				Seychelles	2.7	-2.5	6.2	4.2	9.0	-3.4	0.3	5.8	3.6	4.4
				South Africa	3.7	3.5	4.3	4.5	4.6	1.8	-2.9	1.6	2.3	2.6
				Swaziland	1.6	1.8	1.3	1.8	1.5	1.6	1.4	2.4	0.9	1.9
Low-income countries					3.6	2.9	4.0	3.6	3.7	3.7	2.1	2.7	3.4	3.9
		Excluding fragile countries			4.4	3.8	4.8	4.4	4.5	4.4	2.5	3.0	4.5	4.2
				Benin	0.9	-0.3	-0.4	0.9	1.8	2.2	-0.1	-0.3	0.6	1.4
				Burkina Faso	2.9	1.3	6.1	3.1	1.2	2.8	0.9	3.4	3.1	3.2
				Ethiopia	8.9	8.9	9.8	8.7	8.9	8.3	7.2	5.5	6.0	5.5
				Ghana	3.6	2.7	3.5	1.9	3.8	5.7	2.0	3.1	10.8	4.6
				Kenya	2.4	2.6	4.0	3.2	3.9	-1.4	-0.4	2.0	2.7	3.5
				Madagascar	2.8	2.4	1.8	2.2	3.4	4.3	-6.2	-4.5	-1.9	2.1
				Malawi	3.4	3.3	0.5	4.7	2.9	5.6	4.6	3.7	3.2	2.8
				Mali	2.1	-0.2	3.6	2.8	1.9	2.5	2.0	1.4	2.9	2.3
				Mozambique	5.7	5.8	6.3	6.6	5.2	4.7	4.2	4.9	5.4	5.7
				Niger	2.0	-3.8	5.2	2.6	0.2	6.0	-3.8	4.3	2.3	11.9
				Rwanda	6.6	5.9	7.5	7.3	3.3	8.9	2.0	4.3	4.3	4.8
				Senegal	2.0	3.4	3.2	0.0	2.5	0.8	-0.2	1.8	2.0	2.3
				Tanzania	5.1	5.5	5.1	5.1	4.9	5.2	4.6	4.4	4.4	4.5
				Uganda	4.7	3.4	2.9	7.2	4.9	5.2	3.5	1.5	2.3	2.8
				Zambia	3.3	3.1	3.0	3.7	3.6	3.1	3.8	5.0	4.2	4.8
		Fragile countries			0.3	-0.4	0.8	0.0	0.5	0.6	0.1	1.1	-2.2	2.7
			Including Zimbabwe		-0.1	-1.0	0.5	-0.2	0.2	-0.3	0.4	1.5	-1.7	2.9
				Burundi	1.8	2.8	-1.1	3.1	1.5	2.5	1.4	1.8	2.4	2.7
				Central African Republic	0.6	-1.0	0.4	1.8	1.7	0.0	-1.9	0.8	1.6	2.4
				Comoros	-0.7	-2.3	2.1	-0.8	-1.6	-1.1	-0.3	0.0	0.3	1.3
				Congo, Dem. Rep. of	3.4	3.5	4.7	2.5	3.2	3.1	-0.2	4.1	3.4	2.9
				Côte d’Ivoire	-1.7	-3.3	-0.8	-2.2	-1.4	-0.7	0.7	-0.4	…	…
				Eritrea	-4.5	-2.6	-1.2	-4.3	-1.9	-12.6	0.7	-0.9	4.6	2.9
				Gambia, The	1.0	3.4	-3.2	-0.2	2.4	2.7	3.1	2.2	2.0	2.0
				Guinea	0.8	0.4	1.0	0.4	-0.4	2.6	-2.7	-0.5	1.4	1.9
				Guinea-Bissau	0.8	0.3	1.8	-0.2	0.9	1.0	0.8	1.2	2.1	2.3
				Liberia	2.7	0.8	2.4	3.7	4.4	1.9	-0.2	0.8	2.1	6.3
				São Tomé & Príncipe	4.4	4.8	3.9	5.0	4.3	4.1	2.4	2.8	3.3	4.3
				Sierra Leone	3.4	3.1	3.4	3.9	3.5	2.9	0.7	2.3	2.4	3.3
				Togo	-0.2	-0.5	-1.4	1.5	-0.2	-0.1	0.7	0.9	1.1	1.5
				Zimbabwe¹	-7.3	-7.9	-3.3	-3.4	-3.9	-18.2	6.0	9.0	7.3	5.7
Sub-Saharan Africa					4.3	4.9	4.2	4.3	5.1	3.3	0.6	2.7	3.3	3.6
			Median		2.9	2.7	2.9	3.1	3.2	2.6	0.7	2.3	2.8	2.9
	Including Zimbabwe				4.3	4.9	4.2	4.2	5.0	3.2	0.6	2.7	3.3	3.6
	Excluding Nigeria and South Africa				4.7	4.6	4.7	4.4	5.7	4.1	1.2	2.2	3.5	4.1
Oil-importing countries					3.6	3.3	3.9	4.0	4.1	2.7	-0.4	2.3	2.9	3.4
	Excluding South Africa				3.5	3.1	3.5	3.6	3.7	3.4	1.7	3.0	3.4	4.0
CFA franc zone					2.0	4.5	2.2	0.2	1.9	1.4	0.1	1.3	0.7	2.7
	WAEMU				0.8	-0.6	2.0	0.5	0.7	1.5	0.3	1.3	-1.4	3.3
	CEMAC				3.3	9.6	2.4	-0.2	3.1	1.4	0.0	1.4	2.7	1.9
EAC-5					4.1	3.9	4.2	4.9	4.3	3.0	2.3	2.8	3.3	3.8
SADC					4.9	4.1	5.2	5.6	6.3	3.4	-1.6	1.7	2.9	3.6
SACU					3.7	3.7	4.0	4.5	4.4	1.8	-2.9	1.9	2.4	2.8
COMESA					4.4	3.9	4.5	4.9	4.9	3.7	2.6	3.0	3.6	3.9
Resource-intensive countries					5.1	7.2	4.0	4.2	6.1	3.8	1.9	3.3	3.1	4.0
	Oil				5.8	8.2	4.7	4.7	6.9	4.3	2.4	3.4	3.9	4.0
	Non-oil resource-intensive countries				1.1	1.7	0.3	1.4	1.2	1.1	-1.7	2.5	-1.7	3.6
Non-resource-intensive countries					3.9	3.5	4.3	4.3	4.4	2.8	-0.3	2.3	3.3	3.4
	Coastal Non-resource-intensive countries				3.6	3.4	4.0	4.0	4.3	2.2	-1.4	1.9	3.1	3.1
	Landlocked Non-resource-intensive countries				4.8	3.6	5.3	5.5	4.6	5.2	3.7	3.8	4.0	4.3
MDRI					4.0	3.5	4.2	4.0	3.8	4.5	2.5	3.1	4.4	3.9
Fixed exchange rate regimes					2.0	4.5	2.0	0.4	1.9	1.3	0.1	1.4	0.9	2.7
Floating exchange rate					4.8	5.0	4.7	5.0	5.7	3.6	0.7	2.9	3.7	3.8

Sources: IMF, African Department database, April 1, 2011; and IMF, World Economic Outlook (WEO) database, April 1, 2011.

^{Table SA4.}

Real Per Capita GDP

(U.S. dollars, at 2000 prices, using 2000 exchange rates)

Sources: IMF, African Department database, April 1, 2011; and IMF, World Economic Outlook (WEO) database, April 1, 2011.

^{Table SA4.}

Real Per Capita GDP

(U.S. dollars, at 2000 prices, using 2000 exchange rates)

					2004-08	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012
Oil-exporting countries					681	625	649	675	715	742	761	788	818	850
	Excluding Nigeria				916	804	856	901	983	1,033	1,032	1,034	1,070	1,114
				Angola	990	708	829	963	1,162	1,288	1,285	1,268	1,326	1,423
				Cameroon	679	679	675	678	682	681	675	678	685	698
				Chad	296	293	308	301	294	286	280	287	291	301
				Congo, Rep. of	1,170	1,120	1,173	1,211	1,158	1,188	1,241	1,316	1,379	1,402
				Equatorial Guinea	3,923	3,449	3,679	3,620	4,272	4,596	4,722	4,552	4,740	4,792
				Gabon	4,070	4,030	4,051	3,998	4,118	4,152	4,034	4,203	4,374	4,452
				Nigeria	596	559	574	593	617	637	663	699	727	754
Middle-income countries					3,399	3,141	3,263	3,406	3,558	3,625	3,525	3,593	3,680	3,782
	Excluding South Africa				2,529	2,404	2,424	2,521	2,615	2,682	2,645	2,760	2,856	2,966
				Botswana	4,390	4,179	4,211	4,391	4,544	4,624	4,396	4,710	4,925	5,183
				Cape Verde	1,588	1,398	1,467	1,590	1,703	1,783	1,795	1,856	1,905	1,977
				Lesotho	395	380	382	393	403	415	420	422	428	437
				Mauritius	4,677	4,413	4,444	4,610	4,833	5,084	5,212	5,397	5,585	5,784
				Namibia	2,668	2,524	2,542	2,674	2,768	2,835	2,789	2,887	3,001	3,110
				Seychelles	7,467	6,742	7,159	7,456	8,128	7,849	7,871	8,331	8,631	9,011
				South Africa	3,565	3,281	3,422	3,576	3,739	3,806	3,694	3,752	3,838	3,938
				Swaziland	1,531	1,485	1,505	1,532	1,555	1,580	1,601	1,640	1,655	1,686
Low-income countries					278	259	269	278	288	297	303	311	320	332
		Excluding fragile countries			303	277	290	303	316	328	336	347	361	376
				Benin	350	345	343	347	353	361	360	359	361	366
				Burkina Faso	278	258	273	282	285	293	296	306	316	326
				Ethiopia	161	134	147	160	174	189	203	214	227	239
				Ghana	462	432	447	456	473	500	510	526	583	610
				Kenya	441	414	430	444	461	455	453	462	474	491
				Madagascar	241	229	233	239	247	257	241	231	226	231
				Malawi	149	141	142	149	153	162	169	175	181	186
				Mali	314	296	307	315	321	329	336	341	351	359
				Mozambique	346	307	327	348	366	383	400	419	442	467
				Niger	178	166	174	179	179	190	183	191	195	218
				Rwanda	298	261	280	301	311	339	345	360	376	394
				Senegal	508	490	506	506	518	523	522	531	542	554
				Tanzania	377	341	358	376	394	415	434	453	473	494
				Uganda	320	290	299	320	336	353	366	371	380	391
				Zambia	364	341	351	364	377	389	404	424	442	463
		Fragile countries			213	212	213	213	214	215	215	217	212	218
			Including Zimbabwe		…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…
				Burundi	109	107	105	109	110	113	115	117	120	123
				Central African Republic	218	214	215	218	222	222	218	220	223	228
				Comoros	380	379	387	384	378	373	372	373	374	379
				Congo, Dem. Rep. of	89	83	87	89	92	95	95	99	102	105
				Côte d’Ivoire	541	555	551	539	531	528	532	530	…	…
				Eritrea	167	179	177	169	166	145	146	145	152	156
				Gambia, The	501	507	491	490	502	516	532	543	554	565
				Guinea	391	385	389	391	389	399	389	386	392	400
				Guinea-Bissau	267	262	267	266	269	272	274	277	283	289
				Liberia	127	119	122	126	132	134	134	135	138	147
				São Tomé & Príncipe	720	660	686	720	751	782	801	824	851	887
				Sierra Leone	249	232	240	249	258	265	267	273	280	289
				Togo	226	227	223	227	226	226	227	229	232	235
				Zimbabwe	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…
Sub-Saharan Africa					635	593	613	634	659	676	674	688	706	727
			Median		387	379	382	384	389	399	404	422	435	450
	Including Zimbabwe				…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…
	Excluding Nigeria and South Africa				379	350	364	377	395	409	413	421	434	450
Oil-importing countries					618	582	599	619	639	652	642	651	664	681
	Excluding South Africa				321	302	311	321	332	342	346	355	365	379
CFA franc zone					497	485	494	495	503	509	509	515	517	530
	WAEMU				363	355	361	362	365	369	370	374	368	379
	CEMAC				805	781	797	797	818	829	827	838	860	875
EAC-5					358	329	342	359	375	386	396	407	420	436
SADC					1,029	951	987	1,029	1,076	1,103	1,076	1,089	1,111	1,141
SACU					3,379	3,121	3,245	3,389	3,538	3,602	3,497	3,561	3,647	3,747
COMESA					244	225	233	244	255	264	269	276	285	295
Resource-intensive countries					676	629	649	671	704	728	741	766	788	818
	Oil				681	625	649	675	715	742	761	788	818	850
	Non-oil resource-intensive countries				659	648	649	658	665	673	663	679	671	693
Non-resource-intensive countries					622	582	602	623	645	659	649	658	673	690
	Coastal Non-resource-intensive countries				1,120	1,049	1,084	1,122	1,162	1,182	1,156	1,170	1,197	1,225
	Landlocked Non-resource-intensive countries				189	171	180	189	198	208	215	222	230	239
MDRI					278	257	267	278	287	299	306	315	328	340
Fixed exchange rate regimes					514	502	510	512	520	526	525	530	533	546
Floating exchange rate					665	616	638	664	693	713	710	727	748	771

Sources: IMF, African Department database, April 1, 2011; and IMF, World Economic Outlook (WEO) database, April 1, 2011.

^{Table SA4.}

Real Per Capita GDP

(U.S. dollars, at 2000 prices, using 2000 exchange rates)

					2004-08	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012
Oil-exporting countries					681	625	649	675	715	742	761	788	818	850
	Excluding Nigeria				916	804	856	901	983	1,033	1,032	1,034	1,070	1,114
				Angola	990	708	829	963	1,162	1,288	1,285	1,268	1,326	1,423
				Cameroon	679	679	675	678	682	681	675	678	685	698
				Chad	296	293	308	301	294	286	280	287	291	301
				Congo, Rep. of	1,170	1,120	1,173	1,211	1,158	1,188	1,241	1,316	1,379	1,402
				Equatorial Guinea	3,923	3,449	3,679	3,620	4,272	4,596	4,722	4,552	4,740	4,792
				Gabon	4,070	4,030	4,051	3,998	4,118	4,152	4,034	4,203	4,374	4,452
				Nigeria	596	559	574	593	617	637	663	699	727	754
Middle-income countries					3,399	3,141	3,263	3,406	3,558	3,625	3,525	3,593	3,680	3,782
	Excluding South Africa				2,529	2,404	2,424	2,521	2,615	2,682	2,645	2,760	2,856	2,966
				Botswana	4,390	4,179	4,211	4,391	4,544	4,624	4,396	4,710	4,925	5,183
				Cape Verde	1,588	1,398	1,467	1,590	1,703	1,783	1,795	1,856	1,905	1,977
				Lesotho	395	380	382	393	403	415	420	422	428	437
				Mauritius	4,677	4,413	4,444	4,610	4,833	5,084	5,212	5,397	5,585	5,784
				Namibia	2,668	2,524	2,542	2,674	2,768	2,835	2,789	2,887	3,001	3,110
				Seychelles	7,467	6,742	7,159	7,456	8,128	7,849	7,871	8,331	8,631	9,011
				South Africa	3,565	3,281	3,422	3,576	3,739	3,806	3,694	3,752	3,838	3,938
				Swaziland	1,531	1,485	1,505	1,532	1,555	1,580	1,601	1,640	1,655	1,686
Low-income countries					278	259	269	278	288	297	303	311	320	332
		Excluding fragile countries			303	277	290	303	316	328	336	347	361	376
				Benin	350	345	343	347	353	361	360	359	361	366
				Burkina Faso	278	258	273	282	285	293	296	306	316	326
				Ethiopia	161	134	147	160	174	189	203	214	227	239
				Ghana	462	432	447	456	473	500	510	526	583	610
				Kenya	441	414	430	444	461	455	453	462	474	491
				Madagascar	241	229	233	239	247	257	241	231	226	231
				Malawi	149	141	142	149	153	162	169	175	181	186
				Mali	314	296	307	315	321	329	336	341	351	359
				Mozambique	346	307	327	348	366	383	400	419	442	467
				Niger	178	166	174	179	179	190	183	191	195	218
				Rwanda	298	261	280	301	311	339	345	360	376	394
				Senegal	508	490	506	506	518	523	522	531	542	554
				Tanzania	377	341	358	376	394	415	434	453	473	494
				Uganda	320	290	299	320	336	353	366	371	380	391
				Zambia	364	341	351	364	377	389	404	424	442	463
		Fragile countries			213	212	213	213	214	215	215	217	212	218
			Including Zimbabwe		…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…
				Burundi	109	107	105	109	110	113	115	117	120	123
				Central African Republic	218	214	215	218	222	222	218	220	223	228
				Comoros	380	379	387	384	378	373	372	373	374	379
				Congo, Dem. Rep. of	89	83	87	89	92	95	95	99	102	105
				Côte d’Ivoire	541	555	551	539	531	528	532	530	…	…
				Eritrea	167	179	177	169	166	145	146	145	152	156
				Gambia, The	501	507	491	490	502	516	532	543	554	565
				Guinea	391	385	389	391	389	399	389	386	392	400
				Guinea-Bissau	267	262	267	266	269	272	274	277	283	289
				Liberia	127	119	122	126	132	134	134	135	138	147
				São Tomé & Príncipe	720	660	686	720	751	782	801	824	851	887
				Sierra Leone	249	232	240	249	258	265	267	273	280	289
				Togo	226	227	223	227	226	226	227	229	232	235
				Zimbabwe	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…
Sub-Saharan Africa					635	593	613	634	659	676	674	688	706	727
			Median		387	379	382	384	389	399	404	422	435	450
	Including Zimbabwe				…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…
	Excluding Nigeria and South Africa				379	350	364	377	395	409	413	421	434	450
Oil-importing countries					618	582	599	619	639	652	642	651	664	681
	Excluding South Africa				321	302	311	321	332	342	346	355	365	379
CFA franc zone					497	485	494	495	503	509	509	515	517	530
	WAEMU				363	355	361	362	365	369	370	374	368	379
	CEMAC				805	781	797	797	818	829	827	838	860	875
EAC-5					358	329	342	359	375	386	396	407	420	436
SADC					1,029	951	987	1,029	1,076	1,103	1,076	1,089	1,111	1,141
SACU					3,379	3,121	3,245	3,389	3,538	3,602	3,497	3,561	3,647	3,747
COMESA					244	225	233	244	255	264	269	276	285	295
Resource-intensive countries					676	629	649	671	704	728	741	766	788	818
	Oil				681	625	649	675	715	742	761	788	818	850
	Non-oil resource-intensive countries				659	648	649	658	665	673	663	679	671	693
Non-resource-intensive countries					622	582	602	623	645	659	649	658	673	690
	Coastal Non-resource-intensive countries				1,120	1,049	1,084	1,122	1,162	1,182	1,156	1,170	1,197	1,225
	Landlocked Non-resource-intensive countries				189	171	180	189	198	208	215	222	230	239
MDRI					278	257	267	278	287	299	306	315	328	340
Fixed exchange rate regimes					514	502	510	512	520	526	525	530	533	546
Floating exchange rate					665	616	638	664	693	713	710	727	748	771

Sources: IMF, African Department database, April 1, 2011; and IMF, World Economic Outlook (WEO) database, April 1, 2011.

^{Table SA5.}

Consumer Prices

(Annual average, percent change)

Sources: IMF, African Department database, April 1, 2011; and IMF, World Economic Outlook (WEO) database, April 1, 2011.

^{Table SA5.}

Consumer Prices

(Annual average, percent change)

				2004-08	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012
Oil-exporting countries				10.8	14.9	14.8	8.1	5.6	10.4	11.1	11.5	10.3	8.9
	Excluding Nigeria			9.5	14.6	10.2	7.9	6.0	8.8	8.9	8.2	9.1	8.0
			Angola	20.9	43.6	23.0	13.3	12.2	12.5	13.7	14.5	14.6	12.4
			Cameroon	2.7	0.3	2.0	4.9	1.1	5.3	3.0	1.3	3.0	2.5
			Chad	1.5	-4.8	3.7	7.7	-7.4	8.3	10.1	1.0	3.0	3.0
			Congo, Rep. of	3.9	3.7	2.5	4.7	2.6	6.0	4.3	5.0	5.9	5.2
			Equatorial Guinea	4.3	4.2	5.7	4.5	2.8	4.3	7.2	7.5	7.3	7.0
			Gabon	2.1	0.4	1.2	-1.4	5.0	5.3	1.9	0.6	2.3	3.4
			Nigeria	11.6	15.0	17.9	8.2	5.4	11.6	12.5	13.7	11.1	9.5
Middle-income countries				5.9	1.9	3.6	5.1	7.1	11.6	7.1	4.3	5.2	5.8
	Excluding South Africa			7.7	5.3	5.5	8.3	7.5	11.9	7.2	4.8	7.0	5.9
			Botswana	9.4	7.0	8.6	11.6	7.1	12.6	8.1	6.9	7.8	7.0
			Cape Verde	2.9	-1.9	0.4	4.8	4.4	6.8	1.0	2.1	4.4	5.4
			Lesotho	6.7	5.0	3.4	6.1	8.0	10.7	7.2	3.8	5.4	5.6
			Mauritius	7.4	4.7	4.9	8.7	8.6	9.7	2.5	2.9	7.4	4.6
			Namibia	5.7	4.1	2.3	5.1	6.7	10.4	8.8	4.5	5.9	5.6
			Seychelles	9.0	3.9	0.6	-1.9	5.3	37.0	31.9	-2.4	3.1	4.3
			South Africa	5.6	1.4	3.4	4.7	7.1	11.5	7.1	4.3	4.9	5.8
			Swaziland	7.3	3.5	4.8	5.3	9.7	13.1	7.5	4.5	7.9	6.1
Low-income countries				9.0	7.1	9.2	7.8	7.8	13.3	13.6	6.6	7.9	7.2
		Excluding fragile countries		9.0	7.5	8.6	7.5	7.7	13.6	13.9	6.0	7.6	7.3
			Benin	3.9	0.9	5.4	3.8	1.3	8.0	2.2	2.1	4.2	3.0
			Burkina Faso	3.8	-0.4	6.4	2.4	-0.2	10.7	2.6	0.4	2.0	2.0
			Ethiopia	13.8	8.6	6.8	12.3	15.8	25.3	36.4	2.8	12.9	11.2
			Ghana	13.0	12.6	15.1	10.2	10.7	16.5	19.3	10.7	8.7	8.7
			Kenya	9.6	11.8	9.9	6.0	4.3	16.2	9.3	3.9	7.2	5.0
			Madagascar	12.5	14.0	18.4	10.8	10.4	9.2	9.0	9.0	8.8	7.5
			Malawi	11.5	11.4	15.5	13.9	8.0	8.8	8.7	6.9	6.6	6.9
			Mali	3.1	-3.1	6.4	1.5	1.5	9.1	2.2	1.2	4.5	2.7
			Mozambique	10.2	12.6	6.4	13.2	8.2	10.3	3.3	12.7	9.5	7.2
			Niger	3.8	0.4	7.8	0.1	0.1	10.5	1.1	0.9	3.8	2.0
			Rwanda	10.9	12.0	9.1	8.8	9.1	15.4	10.3	2.3	3.1	5.5
			Senegal	3.2	0.5	1.7	2.1	5.9	5.8	-1.7	1.2	3.9	2.5
			Tanzania	5.8	4.1	4.4	5.6	6.3	8.4	11.8	10.5	6.3	7.0
			Uganda	6.7	5.0	8.0	6.6	6.8	7.3	14.2	9.4	6.1	11.0
			Zambia	13.7	18.0	18.3	9.0	10.7	12.4	13.4	8.5	9.0	6.5
	Fragile countries			9.4	5.8	11.5	9.1	8.5	12.1	12.5	9.3	9.1	6.9
		Including Zimbabwe		…	…	…	…	…	…	12.2	9.0	8.8	6.9
			Burundi	11.4	8.0	13.5	2.7	8.3	24.4	10.7	6.4	8.4	13.4
			Central African Republic	3.5	-2.2	2.9	6.7	0.9	9.3	3.5	1.5	2.7	2.9
			Comoros	4.0	4.5	3.0	3.4	4.5	4.8	4.8	2.7	3.9	3.6
			Congo, Dem. Rep. of	14.7	4.0	21.4	13.2	16.7	18.0	46.2	23.5	12.0	11.0
			Côte d’Ivoire	3.2	1.5	3.9	2.5	1.9	6.3	1.0	1.4	5.0	2.5
			Eritrea	16.4	25.1	12.5	15.1	9.3	19.9	33.0	12.7	13.3	12.3
			Gambia, The	6.2	14.3	5.0	2.1	5.4	4.5	4.6	5.0	5.9	5.5
			Guinea	25.0	17.5	31.4	34.7	22.9	18.4	4.7	15.5	19.6	15.1
			Guinea-Bissau	4.0	0.8	3.2	0.7	4.6	10.4	-1.6	1.1	4.0	2.0
			Liberia	9.8	3.6	6.9	7.2	13.7	17.5	7.4	7.3	9.7	6.0
			São Tomé & Príncipe	19.5	12.8	17.2	23.1	18.5	26.0	17.0	14.4	10.6	6.7
			Sierra Leone	12.5	14.2	12.0	9.5	11.6	14.8	9.2	17.8	14.7	8.8
			Togo	3.8	0.4	6.8	2.2	0.9	8.7	1.9	3.2	6.2	2.0
			Zimbabwe	…	…	…	…	…	…	6.5	3.0	4.8	6.1
Sub-Saharan Africa				8.4	7.6	8.8	6.9	6.9	11.7	10.5	7.5	7.8	7.3
		Median		6.8	4.2	6.4	6.0	6.7	10.4	7.4	4.5	6.2	5.6
	Including Zimbabwe			…	…	…	…	…	…	10.5	7.5	7.8	7.3
	Excluding Nigeria and South Africa			9.0	8.8	9.1	7.9	7.3	11.9	11.8	6.9	8.1	7.3
Oil-importing countries				7.3	4.2	6.1	6.3	7.5	12.4	10.2	5.4	6.5	6.5
	Excluding South Africa			8.9	6.9	8.7	7.9	7.8	13.1	12.8	6.4	7.8	7.0
CFA franc zone				3.1	0.4	3.7	3.1	1.5	6.8	2.8	2.0	4.1	3.2
	WAEMU			3.4	0.3	4.7	2.2	2.0	7.9	1.0	1.3	4.1	2.4
CEMAC				2.8	0.4	2.7	4.1	1.0	5.7	4.7	2.8	4.1	3.9
EAC-5				7.8	7.7	7.7	6.1	5.8	11.7	11.3	7.2	6.4	7.2
SADC				7.7	6.0	6.5	6.6	8.0	11.5	9.2	6.9	6.9	7.0
SACU				5.8	1.8	3.6	5.0	7.1	11.6	7.2	4.4	5.1	5.8
COMESA				10.9	9.0	10.2	9.2	9.9	16.3	19.5	6.1	9.0	8.6
Resource-intensive countries				10.3	13.4	13.8	8.2	5.8	10.5	10.2	10.8	10.0	8.5
	Oil			10.8	14.9	14.8	8.1	5.6	10.4	11.1	11.5	10.3	8.9
	Non-oil resource-intensive countries			8.1	5.8	8.3	9.2	6.9	10.6	5.0	5.8	8.0	6.0
Non-resource-intensive countries				7.2	4.0	5.9	6.0	7.5	12.5	10.6	5.4	6.3	6.5
	Coastal Non-resource-intensive countries			6.6	3.7	5.2	5.5	7.0	11.7	7.9	5.3	5.7	5.9
	Landlocked Non-resource-intensive countries			9.5	5.1	8.9	8.3	9.5	15.8	20.4	5.6	8.4	8.5
MDRI				8.3	5.8	8.1	7.6	7.7	12.4	14.2	6.7	7.4	7.3
Fixed exchange rate regimes				3.6	1.1	3.8	3.5	2.2	7.4	3.7	2.4	4.4	3.5
Floating exchange rate				9.4	9.0	9.9	7.6	7.8	12.6	11.9	8.5	8.5	8.1

Sources: IMF, African Department database, April 1, 2011; and IMF, World Economic Outlook (WEO) database, April 1, 2011.

^{Table SA5.}

Consumer Prices

(Annual average, percent change)

				2004-08	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012
Oil-exporting countries				10.8	14.9	14.8	8.1	5.6	10.4	11.1	11.5	10.3	8.9
	Excluding Nigeria			9.5	14.6	10.2	7.9	6.0	8.8	8.9	8.2	9.1	8.0
			Angola	20.9	43.6	23.0	13.3	12.2	12.5	13.7	14.5	14.6	12.4
			Cameroon	2.7	0.3	2.0	4.9	1.1	5.3	3.0	1.3	3.0	2.5
			Chad	1.5	-4.8	3.7	7.7	-7.4	8.3	10.1	1.0	3.0	3.0
			Congo, Rep. of	3.9	3.7	2.5	4.7	2.6	6.0	4.3	5.0	5.9	5.2
			Equatorial Guinea	4.3	4.2	5.7	4.5	2.8	4.3	7.2	7.5	7.3	7.0
			Gabon	2.1	0.4	1.2	-1.4	5.0	5.3	1.9	0.6	2.3	3.4
			Nigeria	11.6	15.0	17.9	8.2	5.4	11.6	12.5	13.7	11.1	9.5
Middle-income countries				5.9	1.9	3.6	5.1	7.1	11.6	7.1	4.3	5.2	5.8
	Excluding South Africa			7.7	5.3	5.5	8.3	7.5	11.9	7.2	4.8	7.0	5.9
			Botswana	9.4	7.0	8.6	11.6	7.1	12.6	8.1	6.9	7.8	7.0
			Cape Verde	2.9	-1.9	0.4	4.8	4.4	6.8	1.0	2.1	4.4	5.4
			Lesotho	6.7	5.0	3.4	6.1	8.0	10.7	7.2	3.8	5.4	5.6
			Mauritius	7.4	4.7	4.9	8.7	8.6	9.7	2.5	2.9	7.4	4.6
			Namibia	5.7	4.1	2.3	5.1	6.7	10.4	8.8	4.5	5.9	5.6
			Seychelles	9.0	3.9	0.6	-1.9	5.3	37.0	31.9	-2.4	3.1	4.3
			South Africa	5.6	1.4	3.4	4.7	7.1	11.5	7.1	4.3	4.9	5.8
			Swaziland	7.3	3.5	4.8	5.3	9.7	13.1	7.5	4.5	7.9	6.1
Low-income countries				9.0	7.1	9.2	7.8	7.8	13.3	13.6	6.6	7.9	7.2
		Excluding fragile countries		9.0	7.5	8.6	7.5	7.7	13.6	13.9	6.0	7.6	7.3
			Benin	3.9	0.9	5.4	3.8	1.3	8.0	2.2	2.1	4.2	3.0
			Burkina Faso	3.8	-0.4	6.4	2.4	-0.2	10.7	2.6	0.4	2.0	2.0
			Ethiopia	13.8	8.6	6.8	12.3	15.8	25.3	36.4	2.8	12.9	11.2
			Ghana	13.0	12.6	15.1	10.2	10.7	16.5	19.3	10.7	8.7	8.7
			Kenya	9.6	11.8	9.9	6.0	4.3	16.2	9.3	3.9	7.2	5.0
			Madagascar	12.5	14.0	18.4	10.8	10.4	9.2	9.0	9.0	8.8	7.5
			Malawi	11.5	11.4	15.5	13.9	8.0	8.8	8.7	6.9	6.6	6.9
			Mali	3.1	-3.1	6.4	1.5	1.5	9.1	2.2	1.2	4.5	2.7
			Mozambique	10.2	12.6	6.4	13.2	8.2	10.3	3.3	12.7	9.5	7.2
			Niger	3.8	0.4	7.8	0.1	0.1	10.5	1.1	0.9	3.8	2.0
			Rwanda	10.9	12.0	9.1	8.8	9.1	15.4	10.3	2.3	3.1	5.5
			Senegal	3.2	0.5	1.7	2.1	5.9	5.8	-1.7	1.2	3.9	2.5
			Tanzania	5.8	4.1	4.4	5.6	6.3	8.4	11.8	10.5	6.3	7.0
			Uganda	6.7	5.0	8.0	6.6	6.8	7.3	14.2	9.4	6.1	11.0
			Zambia	13.7	18.0	18.3	9.0	10.7	12.4	13.4	8.5	9.0	6.5
	Fragile countries			9.4	5.8	11.5	9.1	8.5	12.1	12.5	9.3	9.1	6.9
		Including Zimbabwe		…	…	…	…	…	…	12.2	9.0	8.8	6.9
			Burundi	11.4	8.0	13.5	2.7	8.3	24.4	10.7	6.4	8.4	13.4
			Central African Republic	3.5	-2.2	2.9	6.7	0.9	9.3	3.5	1.5	2.7	2.9
			Comoros	4.0	4.5	3.0	3.4	4.5	4.8	4.8	2.7	3.9	3.6
			Congo, Dem. Rep. of	14.7	4.0	21.4	13.2	16.7	18.0	46.2	23.5	12.0	11.0
			Côte d’Ivoire	3.2	1.5	3.9	2.5	1.9	6.3	1.0	1.4	5.0	2.5
			Eritrea	16.4	25.1	12.5	15.1	9.3	19.9	33.0	12.7	13.3	12.3
			Gambia, The	6.2	14.3	5.0	2.1	5.4	4.5	4.6	5.0	5.9	5.5
			Guinea	25.0	17.5	31.4	34.7	22.9	18.4	4.7	15.5	19.6	15.1
			Guinea-Bissau	4.0	0.8	3.2	0.7	4.6	10.4	-1.6	1.1	4.0	2.0
			Liberia	9.8	3.6	6.9	7.2	13.7	17.5	7.4	7.3	9.7	6.0
			São Tomé & Príncipe	19.5	12.8	17.2	23.1	18.5	26.0	17.0	14.4	10.6	6.7
			Sierra Leone	12.5	14.2	12.0	9.5	11.6	14.8	9.2	17.8	14.7	8.8
			Togo	3.8	0.4	6.8	2.2	0.9	8.7	1.9	3.2	6.2	2.0
			Zimbabwe	…	…	…	…	…	…	6.5	3.0	4.8	6.1
Sub-Saharan Africa				8.4	7.6	8.8	6.9	6.9	11.7	10.5	7.5	7.8	7.3
		Median		6.8	4.2	6.4	6.0	6.7	10.4	7.4	4.5	6.2	5.6
	Including Zimbabwe			…	…	…	…	…	…	10.5	7.5	7.8	7.3
	Excluding Nigeria and South Africa			9.0	8.8	9.1	7.9	7.3	11.9	11.8	6.9	8.1	7.3
Oil-importing countries				7.3	4.2	6.1	6.3	7.5	12.4	10.2	5.4	6.5	6.5
	Excluding South Africa			8.9	6.9	8.7	7.9	7.8	13.1	12.8	6.4	7.8	7.0
CFA franc zone				3.1	0.4	3.7	3.1	1.5	6.8	2.8	2.0	4.1	3.2
	WAEMU			3.4	0.3	4.7	2.2	2.0	7.9	1.0	1.3	4.1	2.4
CEMAC				2.8	0.4	2.7	4.1	1.0	5.7	4.7	2.8	4.1	3.9
EAC-5				7.8	7.7	7.7	6.1	5.8	11.7	11.3	7.2	6.4	7.2
SADC				7.7	6.0	6.5	6.6	8.0	11.5	9.2	6.9	6.9	7.0
SACU				5.8	1.8	3.6	5.0	7.1	11.6	7.2	4.4	5.1	5.8
COMESA				10.9	9.0	10.2	9.2	9.9	16.3	19.5	6.1	9.0	8.6
Resource-intensive countries				10.3	13.4	13.8	8.2	5.8	10.5	10.2	10.8	10.0	8.5
	Oil			10.8	14.9	14.8	8.1	5.6	10.4	11.1	11.5	10.3	8.9
	Non-oil resource-intensive countries			8.1	5.8	8.3	9.2	6.9	10.6	5.0	5.8	8.0	6.0
Non-resource-intensive countries				7.2	4.0	5.9	6.0	7.5	12.5	10.6	5.4	6.3	6.5
	Coastal Non-resource-intensive countries			6.6	3.7	5.2	5.5	7.0	11.7	7.9	5.3	5.7	5.9
	Landlocked Non-resource-intensive countries			9.5	5.1	8.9	8.3	9.5	15.8	20.4	5.6	8.4	8.5
MDRI				8.3	5.8	8.1	7.6	7.7	12.4	14.2	6.7	7.4	7.3
Fixed exchange rate regimes				3.6	1.1	3.8	3.5	2.2	7.4	3.7	2.4	4.4	3.5
Floating exchange rate				9.4	9.0	9.9	7.6	7.8	12.6	11.9	8.5	8.5	8.1

Sources: IMF, African Department database, April 1, 2011; and IMF, World Economic Outlook (WEO) database, April 1, 2011.

^{Table SA6.}

Consumer Prices

(End of period, percent change)

Sources: IMF, African Department database, April 1, 2011; and IMF, World Economic Outlook (WEO) database, April 1, 2011.

^{Table SA6.}

Consumer Prices

(End of period, percent change)

					2004-08	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012
Oil-exporting countries					9.7	10.8	10.2	7.7	6.7	12.9	11.6	10.5	9.5	7.9
	Excluding Nigeria				8.7	12.2	8.0	6.4	6.9	9.8	8.1	8.7	8.0	7.0
				Angola	17.3	31.0	18.5	12.2	11.8	13.2	14.0	15.3	13.0	11.2
				Cameroon	3.1	1.0	3.5	2.4	3.4	5.3	0.9	2.6	3.0	2.5
				Chad	3.2	9.2	-3.4	-0.9	1.7	9.7	4.7	-2.2	-2.0	-2.0
				Congo, Rep. of	4.4	1.1	3.1	8.1	-1.7	11.4	2.5	5.4	5.0	4.2
				Equatorial Guinea	4.4	5.1	3.2	3.8	3.7	6.2	8.1	7.5	7.3	7.0
				Gabon	2.3	-0.5	1.1	-0.7	5.9	5.6	0.9	0.7	3.5	3.2
				Nigeria	10.4	10.0	11.6	8.5	6.6	15.1	13.9	11.7	10.5	8.5
Middle-income countries					6.6	3.7	3.9	6.0	9.0	10.3	6.1	3.7	6.0	5.6
	Excluding South Africa				8.3	5.9	6.7	8.0	8.6	12.3	4.4	5.5	6.5	5.5
				Botswana	9.9	7.9	11.3	8.5	8.1	13.7	5.8	7.4	7.5	6.4
				Cape Verde	3.5	-0.3	1.8	5.8	3.4	6.7	-0.4	3.4	5.7	4.3
				Lesotho	7.2	5.0	3.5	6.4	10.5	10.6	4.2	3.1	5.6	5.7
				Mauritius	7.3	5.6	3.9	11.6	8.6	6.8	1.5	6.1	5.8	4.4
				Namibia	6.4	4.3	3.5	6.0	7.1	10.9	7.0	3.1	5.7	5.5
				Seychelles	16.5	3.9	-1.6	0.2	16.8	63.3	-2.5	0.4	5.5	3.5
				South Africa	6.4	3.5	3.6	5.8	9.0	10.1	6.3	3.5	5.9	5.6
				Swaziland	8.1	3.2	6.3	5.5	12.6	12.9	4.5	4.5	7.3	5.4
Low-income countries					10.2	7.9	8.8	8.4	7.7	18.2	7.3	6.7	8.9	6.4
		Excluding fragile countries			10.2	7.7	8.4	8.0	7.9	18.9	6.4	6.2	8.8	6.5
				Benin	4.4	2.6	3.7	5.3	0.3	9.9	-2.9	4.0	4.5	3.0
				Burkina Faso	4.1	0.7	4.5	1.5	2.3	11.6	-0.3	1.4	2.0	2.0
				Ethiopia	19.3	1.7	13.0	11.6	15.1	55.3	2.7	7.3	16.0	9.0
				Ghana	13.7	11.8	14.8	10.9	12.7	18.1	16.0	8.6	9.0	8.5
				Kenya	10.5	17.1	4.7	7.3	5.6	17.8	5.3	4.5	6.7	5.5
				Madagascar	13.6	27.3	11.5	10.8	8.2	10.1	8.0	9.2	8.5	6.5
				Malawi	11.6	13.7	16.6	10.1	7.5	9.9	7.6	6.3	7.0	6.8
				Mali	3.7	1.5	3.4	3.6	2.6	7.4	1.7	1.9	5.0	3.1
				Mozambique	9.2	9.1	11.1	9.4	10.3	6.2	4.2	16.6	8.4	5.6
				Niger	4.5	3.7	4.2	0.4	4.7	9.4	-0.6	2.7	3.5	2.0
				Rwanda	11.4	10.2	5.6	12.1	6.6	22.3	5.7	0.2	6.0	5.0
				Senegal	3.5	1.7	1.4	3.9	6.2	4.3	-3.4	4.3	2.7	2.3
				Tanzania	6.2	4.1	5.0	6.8	5.8	9.3	10.7	7.2	7.5	5.5
				Uganda	7.1	0.9	10.7	7.2	4.4	12.5	12.3	4.2	12.0	10.0
				Zambia	13.4	17.5	15.9	8.2	8.9	16.6	9.9	7.9	7.0	6.0
		Fragile countries			10.3	9.1	10.5	10.2	6.6	15.1	11.8	8.8	9.1	5.8
			Including Zimbabwe		…	…	…	…	…	…	10.8	8.5	9.0	5.9
				Burundi	12.5	11.8	1.0	9.3	14.7	25.7	4.6	4.1	13.9	12.9
				Central African Republic	4.7	-0.3	2.2	7.1	-0.2	14.5	-1.2	2.3	3.4	2.4
				Comoros	4.4	3.3	7.2	1.7	2.2	7.4	2.2	3.2	4.3	2.9
				Congo, Dem. Rep. of	17.2	9.2	21.3	18.2	10.0	27.6	53.4	9.8	13.0	9.0
				Côte d’Ivoire	3.9	4.4	2.5	2.0	1.5	9.0	-1.7	5.1	5.0	2.5
				Eritrea	17.5	17.4	18.5	9.0	12.6	30.2	22.2	14.2	12.3	12.3
				Gambia, The	5.2	8.1	4.8	0.4	6.0	6.8	2.7	5.8	6.0	5.0
				Guinea	24.6	27.6	29.7	39.1	12.8	13.5	7.9	20.8	17.1	12.3
				Guinea-Bissau	4.6	2.9	-1.0	3.2	9.3	8.7	-6.4	5.7	1.8	2.0
				Liberia	9.5	7.5	7.0	8.9	14.7	9.4	9.7	6.6	9.0	4.7
				São Tomé & Príncipe	21.9	15.2	17.2	24.6	27.6	24.8	16.1	12.9	8.5	5.0
				Sierra Leone	12.4	14.4	13.1	8.3	13.8	12.2	10.8	18.4	13.1	8.0
				Togo	4.9	3.9	5.5	1.5	3.4	10.3	-2.4	6.9	6.9	-2.1
				Zimbabwe	…	…	…	…	…	…	-7.7	3.2	7.1	6.5
Sub-Saharan Africa					8.7	7.3	7.4	7.3	7.8	13.6	8.3	7.0	8.1	6.7
			Median		6.9	5.0	4.8	7.1	7.1	10.6	4.6	5.4	6.7	5.4
	Including Zimbabwe				…	…	…	…	…	…	8.3	7.0	8.1	6.7
	Excluding Nigeria and South Africa				9.6	8.8	8.4	7.8	7.6	15.3	7.2	7.1	8.4	6.5
Oil-importing countries					8.2	5.6	6.1	7.1	8.4	13.9	6.6	5.2	7.4	6.0
	Excluding South Africa				10.0	7.7	8.5	8.3	7.8	17.5	6.9	6.5	8.6	6.3
CFA franc zone					3.7	2.6	2.4	2.5	2.9	7.8	0.7	3.3	3.7	2.6
	WAEMU				4.0	2.8	3.0	2.7	2.9	8.5	-1.5	3.7	4.0	2.3
	CEMAC				3.3	2.5	1.8	2.4	3.0	7.1	2.9	2.9	3.5	3.0
EAC-5					8.4	8.7	6.0	7.5	5.6	14.2	8.7	5.0	8.2	6.6
SADC					8.1	7.0	6.3	7.3	9.1	10.9	8.4	6.1	7.4	6.5
SACU					6.6	3.7	4.0	5.9	9.0	10.3	6.3	3.7	6.0	5.6
COMESA					12.9	9.4	10.0	10.0	9.1	25.8	8.5	6.0	10.8	7.6
Resource-intensive countries					9.5	10.4	9.9	7.8	6.6	12.7	10.4	10.2	9.3	7.6
	Oil				9.7	10.8	10.2	7.7	6.7	12.9	11.6	10.5	9.5	7.9
	Non-oil resource-intensive countries				8.6	8.4	8.6	8.7	6.1	11.3	3.4	7.8	7.6	5.5
Non-resource-intensive countries					8.2	5.3	5.9	6.9	8.5	14.1	6.9	4.9	7.4	6.0
	Coastal Non-resource-intensive countries				7.3	5.7	4.8	6.5	8.5	10.9	6.5	4.8	6.3	5.6
	Landlocked Non-resource-intensive countries				11.7	3.6	10.4	8.8	8.8	27.1	8.0	5.2	10.8	7.4
MDRI					9.5	5.5	8.7	7.9	7.6	17.7	7.6	6.3	8.7	6.3
Fixed exchange rate regimes					4.1	3.0	2.9	2.9	3.6	8.3	1.4	3.5	4.1	3.0
Floating exchange rate					9.6	8.3	8.4	8.2	8.7	14.7	9.7	7.7	8.9	7.4

Sources: IMF, African Department database, April 1, 2011; and IMF, World Economic Outlook (WEO) database, April 1, 2011.

^{Table SA6.}

Consumer Prices

(End of period, percent change)

					2004-08	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012
Oil-exporting countries					9.7	10.8	10.2	7.7	6.7	12.9	11.6	10.5	9.5	7.9
	Excluding Nigeria				8.7	12.2	8.0	6.4	6.9	9.8	8.1	8.7	8.0	7.0
				Angola	17.3	31.0	18.5	12.2	11.8	13.2	14.0	15.3	13.0	11.2
				Cameroon	3.1	1.0	3.5	2.4	3.4	5.3	0.9	2.6	3.0	2.5
				Chad	3.2	9.2	-3.4	-0.9	1.7	9.7	4.7	-2.2	-2.0	-2.0
				Congo, Rep. of	4.4	1.1	3.1	8.1	-1.7	11.4	2.5	5.4	5.0	4.2
				Equatorial Guinea	4.4	5.1	3.2	3.8	3.7	6.2	8.1	7.5	7.3	7.0
				Gabon	2.3	-0.5	1.1	-0.7	5.9	5.6	0.9	0.7	3.5	3.2
				Nigeria	10.4	10.0	11.6	8.5	6.6	15.1	13.9	11.7	10.5	8.5
Middle-income countries					6.6	3.7	3.9	6.0	9.0	10.3	6.1	3.7	6.0	5.6
	Excluding South Africa				8.3	5.9	6.7	8.0	8.6	12.3	4.4	5.5	6.5	5.5
				Botswana	9.9	7.9	11.3	8.5	8.1	13.7	5.8	7.4	7.5	6.4
				Cape Verde	3.5	-0.3	1.8	5.8	3.4	6.7	-0.4	3.4	5.7	4.3
				Lesotho	7.2	5.0	3.5	6.4	10.5	10.6	4.2	3.1	5.6	5.7
				Mauritius	7.3	5.6	3.9	11.6	8.6	6.8	1.5	6.1	5.8	4.4
				Namibia	6.4	4.3	3.5	6.0	7.1	10.9	7.0	3.1	5.7	5.5
				Seychelles	16.5	3.9	-1.6	0.2	16.8	63.3	-2.5	0.4	5.5	3.5
				South Africa	6.4	3.5	3.6	5.8	9.0	10.1	6.3	3.5	5.9	5.6
				Swaziland	8.1	3.2	6.3	5.5	12.6	12.9	4.5	4.5	7.3	5.4
Low-income countries					10.2	7.9	8.8	8.4	7.7	18.2	7.3	6.7	8.9	6.4
		Excluding fragile countries			10.2	7.7	8.4	8.0	7.9	18.9	6.4	6.2	8.8	6.5
				Benin	4.4	2.6	3.7	5.3	0.3	9.9	-2.9	4.0	4.5	3.0
				Burkina Faso	4.1	0.7	4.5	1.5	2.3	11.6	-0.3	1.4	2.0	2.0
				Ethiopia	19.3	1.7	13.0	11.6	15.1	55.3	2.7	7.3	16.0	9.0
				Ghana	13.7	11.8	14.8	10.9	12.7	18.1	16.0	8.6	9.0	8.5
				Kenya	10.5	17.1	4.7	7.3	5.6	17.8	5.3	4.5	6.7	5.5
				Madagascar	13.6	27.3	11.5	10.8	8.2	10.1	8.0	9.2	8.5	6.5
				Malawi	11.6	13.7	16.6	10.1	7.5	9.9	7.6	6.3	7.0	6.8
				Mali	3.7	1.5	3.4	3.6	2.6	7.4	1.7	1.9	5.0	3.1
				Mozambique	9.2	9.1	11.1	9.4	10.3	6.2	4.2	16.6	8.4	5.6
				Niger	4.5	3.7	4.2	0.4	4.7	9.4	-0.6	2.7	3.5	2.0
				Rwanda	11.4	10.2	5.6	12.1	6.6	22.3	5.7	0.2	6.0	5.0
				Senegal	3.5	1.7	1.4	3.9	6.2	4.3	-3.4	4.3	2.7	2.3
				Tanzania	6.2	4.1	5.0	6.8	5.8	9.3	10.7	7.2	7.5	5.5
				Uganda	7.1	0.9	10.7	7.2	4.4	12.5	12.3	4.2	12.0	10.0
				Zambia	13.4	17.5	15.9	8.2	8.9	16.6	9.9	7.9	7.0	6.0
		Fragile countries			10.3	9.1	10.5	10.2	6.6	15.1	11.8	8.8	9.1	5.8
			Including Zimbabwe		…	…	…	…	…	…	10.8	8.5	9.0	5.9
				Burundi	12.5	11.8	1.0	9.3	14.7	25.7	4.6	4.1	13.9	12.9
				Central African Republic	4.7	-0.3	2.2	7.1	-0.2	14.5	-1.2	2.3	3.4	2.4
				Comoros	4.4	3.3	7.2	1.7	2.2	7.4	2.2	3.2	4.3	2.9
				Congo, Dem. Rep. of	17.2	9.2	21.3	18.2	10.0	27.6	53.4	9.8	13.0	9.0
				Côte d’Ivoire	3.9	4.4	2.5	2.0	1.5	9.0	-1.7	5.1	5.0	2.5
				Eritrea	17.5	17.4	18.5	9.0	12.6	30.2	22.2	14.2	12.3	12.3
				Gambia, The	5.2	8.1	4.8	0.4	6.0	6.8	2.7	5.8	6.0	5.0
				Guinea	24.6	27.6	29.7	39.1	12.8	13.5	7.9	20.8	17.1	12.3
				Guinea-Bissau	4.6	2.9	-1.0	3.2	9.3	8.7	-6.4	5.7	1.8	2.0
				Liberia	9.5	7.5	7.0	8.9	14.7	9.4	9.7	6.6	9.0	4.7
				São Tomé & Príncipe	21.9	15.2	17.2	24.6	27.6	24.8	16.1	12.9	8.5	5.0
				Sierra Leone	12.4	14.4	13.1	8.3	13.8	12.2	10.8	18.4	13.1	8.0
				Togo	4.9	3.9	5.5	1.5	3.4	10.3	-2.4	6.9	6.9	-2.1
				Zimbabwe	…	…	…	…	…	…	-7.7	3.2	7.1	6.5
Sub-Saharan Africa					8.7	7.3	7.4	7.3	7.8	13.6	8.3	7.0	8.1	6.7
			Median		6.9	5.0	4.8	7.1	7.1	10.6	4.6	5.4	6.7	5.4
	Including Zimbabwe				…	…	…	…	…	…	8.3	7.0	8.1	6.7
	Excluding Nigeria and South Africa				9.6	8.8	8.4	7.8	7.6	15.3	7.2	7.1	8.4	6.5
Oil-importing countries					8.2	5.6	6.1	7.1	8.4	13.9	6.6	5.2	7.4	6.0
	Excluding South Africa				10.0	7.7	8.5	8.3	7.8	17.5	6.9	6.5	8.6	6.3
CFA franc zone					3.7	2.6	2.4	2.5	2.9	7.8	0.7	3.3	3.7	2.6
	WAEMU				4.0	2.8	3.0	2.7	2.9	8.5	-1.5	3.7	4.0	2.3
	CEMAC				3.3	2.5	1.8	2.4	3.0	7.1	2.9	2.9	3.5	3.0
EAC-5					8.4	8.7	6.0	7.5	5.6	14.2	8.7	5.0	8.2	6.6
SADC					8.1	7.0	6.3	7.3	9.1	10.9	8.4	6.1	7.4	6.5
SACU					6.6	3.7	4.0	5.9	9.0	10.3	6.3	3.7	6.0	5.6
COMESA					12.9	9.4	10.0	10.0	9.1	25.8	8.5	6.0	10.8	7.6
Resource-intensive countries					9.5	10.4	9.9	7.8	6.6	12.7	10.4	10.2	9.3	7.6
	Oil				9.7	10.8	10.2	7.7	6.7	12.9	11.6	10.5	9.5	7.9
	Non-oil resource-intensive countries				8.6	8.4	8.6	8.7	6.1	11.3	3.4	7.8	7.6	5.5
Non-resource-intensive countries					8.2	5.3	5.9	6.9	8.5	14.1	6.9	4.9	7.4	6.0
	Coastal Non-resource-intensive countries				7.3	5.7	4.8	6.5	8.5	10.9	6.5	4.8	6.3	5.6
	Landlocked Non-resource-intensive countries				11.7	3.6	10.4	8.8	8.8	27.1	8.0	5.2	10.8	7.4
MDRI					9.5	5.5	8.7	7.9	7.6	17.7	7.6	6.3	8.7	6.3
Fixed exchange rate regimes					4.1	3.0	2.9	2.9	3.6	8.3	1.4	3.5	4.1	3.0
Floating exchange rate					9.6	8.3	8.4	8.2	8.7	14.7	9.7	7.7	8.9	7.4

Sources: IMF, African Department database, April 1, 2011; and IMF, World Economic Outlook (WEO) database, April 1, 2011.

^{Table SA7.}

Total Investment

(Percent of GDP)

Sources: IMF, African Department database, April 1, 2011; and IMF, World Economic Outlook (WEO) database, April 1, 2011.

^{Table SA7.}

Total Investment

(Percent of GDP)

					2004-08	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012
Oil-exporting countries					21.3	22.0	20.6	20.9	21.1	21.9	25.2	22.7	21.0	20.9
	Excluding Nigeria				18.5	19.8	17.0	18.3	18.7	18.7	21.6	19.6	18.5	19.4
				Angola	12.1	9.9	8.8	12.0	13.5	16.2	15.2	10.4	11.0	12.9
				Cameroon	16.8	20.4	16.8	14.3	15.0	17.5	16.6	16.4	18.5	19.0
				Chad	25.7	24.3	20.2	32.6	26.6	24.8	31.5	39.7	35.9	33.8
				Congo, Rep. of	20.9	22.5	20.2	21.6	21.9	18.4	22.5	20.8	20.1	21.8
				Equatorial Guinea	35.4	43.7	39.9	32.5	35.3	25.9	48.1	48.3	35.4	34.7
				Gabon	23.4	24.4	21.3	25.1	24.7	21.8	26.2	25.7	25.3	25.9
				Nigeria	23.1	23.3	22.8	22.6	22.8	24.0	27.6	24.7	22.6	21.9
Middle-income countries					20.6	19.0	18.7	20.2	21.8	23.4	20.2	22.4	22.5	22.2
	Excluding South Africa				25.8	25.8	24.3	23.9	25.8	29.4	24.6	27.4	26.3	25.3
				Botswana	28.3	33.2	26.3	24.0	25.8	32.4	24.0	27.4	23.7	22.7
				Cape Verde	41.4	39.5	36.0	38.0	47.0	46.6	39.4	47.1	48.7	45.4
				Lesotho	25.8	24.4	23.6	24.8	26.9	29.5	34.9	37.5	39.1	42.8
				Mauritius	25.6	24.4	22.7	26.7	26.9	27.3	21.5	25.1	25.8	25.3
				Namibia	22.7	19.1	19.7	22.3	23.7	28.9	28.7	27.6	31.0	28.4
				Seychelles	31.2	20.5	35.4	30.5	29.5	40.1	29.3	54.0	37.2	29.4
				South Africa	19.9	18.1	18.0	19.7	21.2	22.5	19.6	21.7	21.9	21.7
				Swaziland	16.0	9.0	23.8	13.9	19.2	13.9	14.4	12.5	11.6	12.6
Low-income countries					20.6	18.7	19.7	20.3	21.3	22.9	22.2	22.8	23.2	23.7
		Excluding fragile countries			22.2	20.0	21.2	22.1	23.1	24.6	23.9	24.3	24.6	24.5
				Benin	19.0	18.5	18.6	17.2	20.5	20.0	23.3	18.7	20.2	20.2
				Burkina Faso	18.4	16.2	20.3	16.4	18.9	20.2	16.4	20.3	22.8	21.1
				Ethiopia	24.0	26.5	23.8	25.2	22.1	22.4	22.7	22.3	24.0	23.9
				Ghana	20.9	18.0	19.1	21.6	22.9	23.0	24.4	21.8	20.5	20.6
				Kenya	17.7	14.4	16.9	17.9	19.1	20.3	20.9	22.6	25.2	25.2
				Madagascar	28.8	25.8	23.8	25.0	28.3	40.9	32.2	25.8	20.6	24.3
				Malawi	24.0	18.2	22.7	25.7	27.0	26.3	24.9	30.1	23.4	22.8
				Mali	17.0	16.5	15.5	16.9	16.9	19.0	20.3	19.2	21.7	22.4
				Mozambique	17.2	18.3	17.7	17.0	15.3	17.6	14.8	21.9	23.3	23.7
				Niger	23.3	14.6	23.1	23.6	22.8	32.3	33.0	47.0	38.4	32.0
				Rwanda	20.9	19.9	20.9	19.7	20.2	23.5	22.4	23.4	24.1	22.3
				Senegal	30.2	26.0	28.5	28.2	34.0	34.1	27.9	29.8	30.8	30.9
				Tanzania	26.1	21.5	23.9	26.4	28.7	29.7	29.4	28.8	28.8	28.9
				Uganda	22.1	20.2	22.4	21.2	23.7	23.0	23.5	24.3	24.7	24.7
				Zambia	22.7	24.9	23.7	22.1	22.0	20.9	21.6	23.8	24.1	25.5
		Fragile countries			13.6	13.4	13.5	12.8	13.1	15.2	14.0	15.5	16.1	19.3
			Including Zimbabwe		…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…
				Burundi	16.0	13.3	10.8	16.3	17.5	22.3	22.1	20.6	20.7	20.6
				Central African Republic	10.0	6.8	9.8	10.1	10.7	12.7	13.2	13.9	13.5	14.8
				Comoros	10.3	9.0	8.9	9.2	10.7	13.7	11.9	16.5	17.3	18.1
				Congo, Dem. Rep. of	16.1	12.8	13.8	13.2	18.2	22.4	19.4	27.0	29.5	34.8
				Côte d’Ivoire	9.7	10.8	9.7	9.3	8.7	10.1	10.2	9.6	…	…
				Eritrea	15.9	20.3	20.3	13.7	12.7	12.7	9.3	9.3	10.0	9.6
				Gambia, The	20.4	24.2	21.6	23.8	18.3	14.0	18.0	17.4	12.2	12.4
				Guinea	17.8	20.7	19.5	17.2	14.2	17.5	11.4	10.5	18.1	22.3
				Guinea-Bissau	8.2	7.6	6.6	6.4	11.7	8.7	10.1	9.8	11.1	11.7
				Liberia	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…
				São Tomé & Príncipe	47.6	41.6	75.5	39.8	49.9	31.0	48.5	39.2	62.5	38.7
				Sierra Leone	14.3	10.8	17.4	15.2	13.2	14.8	14.9	18.3	18.0	19.2
				Togo	15.9	14.5	16.3	16.8	14.6	17.3	18.0	16.9	19.3	19.5
				Zimbabwe	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…
Sub-Saharan Africa					20.8	19.9	19.6	20.5	21.4	22.7	22.5	22.6	22.2	22.2
			Median		21.1	20.0	20.3	21.4	21.6	22.3	22.2	22.5	23.3	22.7
	Including Zimbabwe				…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…
	Excluding Nigeria and South Africa				20.5	19.7	19.4	20.1	21.0	22.3	22.2	22.3	22.2	22.6
Oil-importing countries					20.6	18.9	19.2	20.2	21.5	23.1	21.1	22.6	22.8	22.9
	Excluding South Africa				21.2	19.6	20.3	20.8	21.8	23.7	22.4	23.3	23.5	23.8
CFA franc zone					20.3	20.6	19.8	19.8	20.7	20.6	23.1	24.0	22.7	23.0
	WAEMU				18.0	16.2	17.7	17.1	18.7	20.5	19.3	20.5	20.3	20.7
	CEMAC				22.6	25.0	21.9	22.6	22.7	20.8	27.0	27.6	25.2	25.3
EAC-5					21.5	18.2	20.4	21.4	23.2	24.2	24.4	25.1	26.2	26.1
SADC					20.1	18.3	18.1	19.6	21.2	23.1	20.4	21.5	21.5	21.8
SACU					20.4	18.8	18.5	19.9	21.5	23.1	20.1	22.1	22.2	22.0
COMESA					21.5	19.8	20.6	21.2	21.9	23.7	22.5	23.6	24.3	24.7
Resource-intensive countries					20.8	21.6	20.1	20.3	20.5	21.7	24.1	22.1	20.5	20.6
	Oil				21.3	22.0	20.6	20.9	21.1	21.9	25.2	22.7	21.0	20.9
	Non-oil resource-intensive countries				18.4	19.8	17.5	16.8	17.0	20.8	17.3	18.1	17.4	18.7
Non-resource-intensive countries					20.8	18.8	19.3	20.6	22.0	23.4	21.5	23.0	23.3	23.3
	Coastal Non-resource-intensive countries				20.8	18.6	19.0	20.6	22.2	23.6	21.3	22.7	22.9	22.9
	Landlocked Non-resource-intensive countries				21.0	19.5	20.8	20.7	21.2	22.5	22.2	24.1	24.7	24.8
MDRI					21.8	20.4	20.8	21.3	22.4	23.9	23.2	23.7	23.9	24.2
Fixed exchange rate regimes					20.3	20.3	19.9	19.7	20.7	20.9	23.1	23.9	22.9	23.1
Floating exchange rate					20.9	19.8	19.6	20.6	21.5	23.1	22.4	22.4	22.0	22.1

Sources: IMF, African Department database, April 1, 2011; and IMF, World Economic Outlook (WEO) database, April 1, 2011.

^{Table SA7.}

Total Investment

(Percent of GDP)

					2004-08	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012
Oil-exporting countries					21.3	22.0	20.6	20.9	21.1	21.9	25.2	22.7	21.0	20.9
	Excluding Nigeria				18.5	19.8	17.0	18.3	18.7	18.7	21.6	19.6	18.5	19.4
				Angola	12.1	9.9	8.8	12.0	13.5	16.2	15.2	10.4	11.0	12.9
				Cameroon	16.8	20.4	16.8	14.3	15.0	17.5	16.6	16.4	18.5	19.0
				Chad	25.7	24.3	20.2	32.6	26.6	24.8	31.5	39.7	35.9	33.8
				Congo, Rep. of	20.9	22.5	20.2	21.6	21.9	18.4	22.5	20.8	20.1	21.8
				Equatorial Guinea	35.4	43.7	39.9	32.5	35.3	25.9	48.1	48.3	35.4	34.7
				Gabon	23.4	24.4	21.3	25.1	24.7	21.8	26.2	25.7	25.3	25.9
				Nigeria	23.1	23.3	22.8	22.6	22.8	24.0	27.6	24.7	22.6	21.9
Middle-income countries					20.6	19.0	18.7	20.2	21.8	23.4	20.2	22.4	22.5	22.2
	Excluding South Africa				25.8	25.8	24.3	23.9	25.8	29.4	24.6	27.4	26.3	25.3
				Botswana	28.3	33.2	26.3	24.0	25.8	32.4	24.0	27.4	23.7	22.7
				Cape Verde	41.4	39.5	36.0	38.0	47.0	46.6	39.4	47.1	48.7	45.4
				Lesotho	25.8	24.4	23.6	24.8	26.9	29.5	34.9	37.5	39.1	42.8
				Mauritius	25.6	24.4	22.7	26.7	26.9	27.3	21.5	25.1	25.8	25.3
				Namibia	22.7	19.1	19.7	22.3	23.7	28.9	28.7	27.6	31.0	28.4
				Seychelles	31.2	20.5	35.4	30.5	29.5	40.1	29.3	54.0	37.2	29.4
				South Africa	19.9	18.1	18.0	19.7	21.2	22.5	19.6	21.7	21.9	21.7
				Swaziland	16.0	9.0	23.8	13.9	19.2	13.9	14.4	12.5	11.6	12.6
Low-income countries					20.6	18.7	19.7	20.3	21.3	22.9	22.2	22.8	23.2	23.7
		Excluding fragile countries			22.2	20.0	21.2	22.1	23.1	24.6	23.9	24.3	24.6	24.5
				Benin	19.0	18.5	18.6	17.2	20.5	20.0	23.3	18.7	20.2	20.2
				Burkina Faso	18.4	16.2	20.3	16.4	18.9	20.2	16.4	20.3	22.8	21.1
				Ethiopia	24.0	26.5	23.8	25.2	22.1	22.4	22.7	22.3	24.0	23.9
				Ghana	20.9	18.0	19.1	21.6	22.9	23.0	24.4	21.8	20.5	20.6
				Kenya	17.7	14.4	16.9	17.9	19.1	20.3	20.9	22.6	25.2	25.2
				Madagascar	28.8	25.8	23.8	25.0	28.3	40.9	32.2	25.8	20.6	24.3
				Malawi	24.0	18.2	22.7	25.7	27.0	26.3	24.9	30.1	23.4	22.8
				Mali	17.0	16.5	15.5	16.9	16.9	19.0	20.3	19.2	21.7	22.4
				Mozambique	17.2	18.3	17.7	17.0	15.3	17.6	14.8	21.9	23.3	23.7
				Niger	23.3	14.6	23.1	23.6	22.8	32.3	33.0	47.0	38.4	32.0
				Rwanda	20.9	19.9	20.9	19.7	20.2	23.5	22.4	23.4	24.1	22.3
				Senegal	30.2	26.0	28.5	28.2	34.0	34.1	27.9	29.8	30.8	30.9
				Tanzania	26.1	21.5	23.9	26.4	28.7	29.7	29.4	28.8	28.8	28.9
				Uganda	22.1	20.2	22.4	21.2	23.7	23.0	23.5	24.3	24.7	24.7
				Zambia	22.7	24.9	23.7	22.1	22.0	20.9	21.6	23.8	24.1	25.5
		Fragile countries			13.6	13.4	13.5	12.8	13.1	15.2	14.0	15.5	16.1	19.3
			Including Zimbabwe		…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…
				Burundi	16.0	13.3	10.8	16.3	17.5	22.3	22.1	20.6	20.7	20.6
				Central African Republic	10.0	6.8	9.8	10.1	10.7	12.7	13.2	13.9	13.5	14.8
				Comoros	10.3	9.0	8.9	9.2	10.7	13.7	11.9	16.5	17.3	18.1
				Congo, Dem. Rep. of	16.1	12.8	13.8	13.2	18.2	22.4	19.4	27.0	29.5	34.8
				Côte d’Ivoire	9.7	10.8	9.7	9.3	8.7	10.1	10.2	9.6	…	…
				Eritrea	15.9	20.3	20.3	13.7	12.7	12.7	9.3	9.3	10.0	9.6
				Gambia, The	20.4	24.2	21.6	23.8	18.3	14.0	18.0	17.4	12.2	12.4
				Guinea	17.8	20.7	19.5	17.2	14.2	17.5	11.4	10.5	18.1	22.3
				Guinea-Bissau	8.2	7.6	6.6	6.4	11.7	8.7	10.1	9.8	11.1	11.7
				Liberia	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…
				São Tomé & Príncipe	47.6	41.6	75.5	39.8	49.9	31.0	48.5	39.2	62.5	38.7
				Sierra Leone	14.3	10.8	17.4	15.2	13.2	14.8	14.9	18.3	18.0	19.2
				Togo	15.9	14.5	16.3	16.8	14.6	17.3	18.0	16.9	19.3	19.5
				Zimbabwe	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…
Sub-Saharan Africa					20.8	19.9	19.6	20.5	21.4	22.7	22.5	22.6	22.2	22.2
			Median		21.1	20.0	20.3	21.4	21.6	22.3	22.2	22.5	23.3	22.7
	Including Zimbabwe				…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…
	Excluding Nigeria and South Africa				20.5	19.7	19.4	20.1	21.0	22.3	22.2	22.3	22.2	22.6
Oil-importing countries					20.6	18.9	19.2	20.2	21.5	23.1	21.1	22.6	22.8	22.9
	Excluding South Africa				21.2	19.6	20.3	20.8	21.8	23.7	22.4	23.3	23.5	23.8
CFA franc zone					20.3	20.6	19.8	19.8	20.7	20.6	23.1	24.0	22.7	23.0
	WAEMU				18.0	16.2	17.7	17.1	18.7	20.5	19.3	20.5	20.3	20.7
	CEMAC				22.6	25.0	21.9	22.6	22.7	20.8	27.0	27.6	25.2	25.3
EAC-5					21.5	18.2	20.4	21.4	23.2	24.2	24.4	25.1	26.2	26.1
SADC					20.1	18.3	18.1	19.6	21.2	23.1	20.4	21.5	21.5	21.8
SACU					20.4	18.8	18.5	19.9	21.5	23.1	20.1	22.1	22.2	22.0
COMESA					21.5	19.8	20.6	21.2	21.9	23.7	22.5	23.6	24.3	24.7
Resource-intensive countries					20.8	21.6	20.1	20.3	20.5	21.7	24.1	22.1	20.5	20.6
	Oil				21.3	22.0	20.6	20.9	21.1	21.9	25.2	22.7	21.0	20.9
	Non-oil resource-intensive countries				18.4	19.8	17.5	16.8	17.0	20.8	17.3	18.1	17.4	18.7
Non-resource-intensive countries					20.8	18.8	19.3	20.6	22.0	23.4	21.5	23.0	23.3	23.3
	Coastal Non-resource-intensive countries				20.8	18.6	19.0	20.6	22.2	23.6	21.3	22.7	22.9	22.9
	Landlocked Non-resource-intensive countries				21.0	19.5	20.8	20.7	21.2	22.5	22.2	24.1	24.7	24.8
MDRI					21.8	20.4	20.8	21.3	22.4	23.9	23.2	23.7	23.9	24.2
Fixed exchange rate regimes					20.3	20.3	19.9	19.7	20.7	20.9	23.1	23.9	22.9	23.1
Floating exchange rate					20.9	19.8	19.6	20.6	21.5	23.1	22.4	22.4	22.0	22.1

Sources: IMF, African Department database, April 1, 2011; and IMF, World Economic Outlook (WEO) database, April 1, 2011.

Table SA8.

Gross National Savings

(Percent of GDP)

Sources: IMF, African Department database, April 1, 2011; and IMF, World Economic Outlook (WEO) database, April 1, 2011.

Table SA8.

Gross National Savings

(Percent of GDP)

					2004-08	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012
Oil-exporting countries					32.2	23.6	26.9	41.6	35.3	33.6	29.3	24.3	30.7	30.7
	Excluding Nigeria				23.7	14.7	23.2	29.8	26.1	24.5	11.5	13.7	20.3	23.2
				Angola	26.8	13.6	27.0	39.4	29.3	24.8	5.2	8.6	17.2	22.4
				Cameroon	15.8	17.0	13.4	15.9	16.4	16.3	12.9	11.9	14.9	15.4
				Chad	-2.8	-20.8	-4.6	-0.3	5.4	6.2	-11.5	-3.7	6.5	6.8
				Congo, Rep. of	18.9	14.9	22.2	23.7	14.0	19.6	13.6	23.5	32.5	37.8
				Equatorial Guinea	34.0	22.1	33.6	39.5	39.6	34.9	31.0	24.4	25.2	25.8
				Gabon	41.6	35.5	44.2	40.6	41.9	45.5	34.0	37.5	42.3	41.2
				Nigeria	37.8	28.9	29.3	49.2	41.6	39.8	41.0	31.1	37.2	35.2
Middle-income countries					16.5	16.5	16.2	16.3	16.4	17.0	15.9	20.0	18.5	17.8
	Excluding South Africa				29.4	27.1	28.8	30.5	31.8	28.7	18.1	20.2	19.0	19.9
				Botswana	39.9	36.2	41.4	41.2	40.8	39.9	18.5	24.9	21.2	22.7
				Cape Verde	30.7	25.1	32.5	32.6	32.3	30.8	24.1	35.3	30.6	29.8
				Lesotho	26.4	13.9	13.5	26.5	40.7	37.4	34.4	21.3	15.8	25.0
				Mauritius	19.7	21.9	18.3	18.0	22.1	18.3	15.3	16.2	14.2	15.7
				Namibia	30.2	26.0	24.4	36.1	32.9	31.6	27.9	26.6	30.1	25.1
				Seychelles	9.8	14.7	16.6	17.3	9.0	-8.8	-10.7	3.3	4.5	10.9
				South Africa	14.7	15.0	14.5	14.4	14.3	15.4	15.6	20.0	18.4	17.5
				Swaziland	12.2	12.2	19.7	6.6	17.0	5.7	0.3	-5.3	-1.6	2.6
Low-income countries					15.1	15.9	14.7	15.1	15.5	14.1	15.6	15.8	15.5	16.6
		Excluding fragile countries			16.2	16.9	16.1	15.8	17.0	15.4	16.7	16.8	16.3	16.7
				Benin	11.6	11.6	12.4	11.9	10.4	12.0	14.4	12.4	15.0	13.3
				Burkina Faso	8.1	5.2	8.7	7.3	10.6	8.7	11.5	16.0	18.8	13.6
				Ethiopia	21.1	24.6	20.0	18.1	23.5	19.2	19.5	20.8	17.9	17.5
				Ghana	14.4	15.6	13.9	15.5	15.1	12.0	22.5	14.6	13.7	15.5
				Kenya	16.0	17.2	17.2	16.8	15.5	13.0	14.5	14.7	16.0	17.3
				Madagascar	16.4	16.6	13.2	16.2	15.6	20.4	11.5	12.4	13.4	17.9
				Malawi	14.5	7.0	8.0	13.2	28.0	16.1	19.0	28.8	19.6	19.1
				Mali	9.0	8.6	7.0	12.9	10.0	6.3	12.8	10.7	14.9	14.4
				Mozambique	6.3	7.7	6.1	6.3	5.6	5.7	4.3	9.3	11.3	11.6
				Niger	14.1	7.3	14.2	15.0	14.6	19.3	4.3	16.3	15.7	17.9
				Rwanda	19.1	21.8	21.9	15.4	18.0	18.6	13.9	16.6	15.0	16.1
				Senegal	19.9	19.1	19.5	18.7	22.2	19.8	20.2	21.5	19.3	20.1
				Tanzania	18.3	20.4	19.3	18.3	16.2	17.3	19.5	19.7	19.3	19.0
				Uganda	19.9	20.2	21.0	17.8	20.6	19.9	16.7	14.4	14.2	15.5
				Zambia	16.3	13.7	15.2	23.3	15.4	13.8	25.8	27.6	30.0	28.8
		Fragile countries			10.0	11.7	9.1	12.0	9.0	8.2	10.7	11.4	12.0	16.0
			Including Zimbabwe		…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…
				Burundi	5.1	4.9	9.6	1.8	1.8	7.3	6.1	8.7	4.9	5.7
				Central African Republic	4.4	5.1	3.2	7.1	4.5	2.3	5.3	5.2	4.4	6.2
				Comoros	3.5	4.8	1.9	2.9	4.9	3.2	3.4	9.7	5.2	8.0
				Congo, Dem. Rep. of	8.6	9.8	0.5	10.5	17.1	4.9	8.9	20.2	26.7	34.2
				Côte d’Ivoire	10.9	12.4	10.0	12.1	8.0	12.1	17.6	13.5	…	…
				Eritrea	12.7	18.9	20.8	10.2	6.4	7.2	1.7	3.5	9.2	9.9
				Gambia, The	9.8	17.2	8.1	13.6	8.7	1.3	8.1	5.4	0.2	-0.4
				Guinea	15.1	18.0	19.1	24.2	4.0	10.0	0.6	-2.2	6.7	10.2
				Guinea-Bissau	5.1	9.1	4.5	0.8	7.3	3.9	4.1	3.7	5.6	7.4
				Liberia	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…
				São Tomé & Príncipe	21.9	25.5	66.0	12.3	12.3	-6.8	20.5	7.2	17.8	-3.8
				Sierra Leone	7.2	4.8	10.2	9.7	7.7	3.3	6.6	8.5	6.1	7.8
				Togo	7.4	6.2	8.2	9.0	6.0	7.7	11.1	9.0	10.9	12.1
				Zimbabwe	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…
Sub-Saharan Africa					21.2	18.6	19.2	24.1	22.3	21.6	20.4	20.2	21.8	21.9
			Median		14.8	15.0	14.9	15.4	15.3	13.4	13.7	14.5	15.0	15.7
	Including Zimbabwe				…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…
	Excluding Nigeria and South Africa				18.7	16.6	18.2	20.4	19.9	18.3	14.7	15.6	17.1	18.6
Oil-importing countries					15.8	16.2	15.5	15.7	16.0	15.7	15.8	18.0	17.0	17.2
	Excluding South Africa				16.8	17.3	16.5	17.0	17.5	15.9	15.9	16.3	15.9	17.0
CFA franc zone					16.4	13.2	15.9	17.4	17.4	18.1	15.7	16.4	18.4	19.1
	WAEMU				12.0	11.3	11.6	12.6	12.0	12.6	14.6	14.7	14.2	14.8
	CEMAC				20.8	15.0	20.2	22.3	22.9	23.6	16.7	18.0	22.7	23.5
EAC-5					17.6	18.9	18.8	17.1	16.7	16.2	16.5	16.3	16.4	17.2
SADC					17.3	16.0	16.6	18.5	17.8	17.5	14.2	18.1	18.3	18.8
SACU					16.4	16.4	16.1	16.2	16.2	17.0	15.9	20.1	18.6	17.8
COMESA					17.2	18.4	16.5	16.0	19.1	15.8	15.0	16.8	16.3	17.8
Resource-intensive countries					30.8	23.3	26.2	39.1	33.3	32.0	27.6	23.3	28.6	28.9
	Oil				32.2	23.6	26.9	41.6	35.3	33.6	29.3	24.3	30.7	30.7
	Non-oil resource-intensive countries				22.7	21.7	22.3	25.6	21.2	22.8	16.9	16.8	15.2	17.0
Non-resource-intensive countries					15.2	15.7	14.8	14.8	15.5	15.0	15.7	18.1	17.2	17.2
	Coastal Non-resource-intensive countries				15.0	15.6	14.9	14.9	14.6	15.0	15.9	18.3	17.3	17.1
	Landlocked Non-resource-intensive countries				15.9	15.9	14.6	14.7	19.2	15.3	15.1	17.5	16.9	17.7
MDRI					15.7	16.2	14.9	15.4	16.7	15.1	15.9	16.7	16.9	17.7
Fixed exchange rate regimes					17.0	13.9	16.4	18.1	18.3	18.6	15.9	16.3	18.4	19.0
Floating exchange rate					22.0	19.6	19.8	25.3	23.1	22.2	21.2	20.9	22.4	22.5

Sources: IMF, African Department database, April 1, 2011; and IMF, World Economic Outlook (WEO) database, April 1, 2011.

Table SA8.

Gross National Savings

(Percent of GDP)

					2004-08	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012
Oil-exporting countries					32.2	23.6	26.9	41.6	35.3	33.6	29.3	24.3	30.7	30.7
	Excluding Nigeria				23.7	14.7	23.2	29.8	26.1	24.5	11.5	13.7	20.3	23.2
				Angola	26.8	13.6	27.0	39.4	29.3	24.8	5.2	8.6	17.2	22.4
				Cameroon	15.8	17.0	13.4	15.9	16.4	16.3	12.9	11.9	14.9	15.4
				Chad	-2.8	-20.8	-4.6	-0.3	5.4	6.2	-11.5	-3.7	6.5	6.8
				Congo, Rep. of	18.9	14.9	22.2	23.7	14.0	19.6	13.6	23.5	32.5	37.8
				Equatorial Guinea	34.0	22.1	33.6	39.5	39.6	34.9	31.0	24.4	25.2	25.8
				Gabon	41.6	35.5	44.2	40.6	41.9	45.5	34.0	37.5	42.3	41.2
				Nigeria	37.8	28.9	29.3	49.2	41.6	39.8	41.0	31.1	37.2	35.2
Middle-income countries					16.5	16.5	16.2	16.3	16.4	17.0	15.9	20.0	18.5	17.8
	Excluding South Africa				29.4	27.1	28.8	30.5	31.8	28.7	18.1	20.2	19.0	19.9
				Botswana	39.9	36.2	41.4	41.2	40.8	39.9	18.5	24.9	21.2	22.7
				Cape Verde	30.7	25.1	32.5	32.6	32.3	30.8	24.1	35.3	30.6	29.8
				Lesotho	26.4	13.9	13.5	26.5	40.7	37.4	34.4	21.3	15.8	25.0
				Mauritius	19.7	21.9	18.3	18.0	22.1	18.3	15.3	16.2	14.2	15.7
				Namibia	30.2	26.0	24.4	36.1	32.9	31.6	27.9	26.6	30.1	25.1
				Seychelles	9.8	14.7	16.6	17.3	9.0	-8.8	-10.7	3.3	4.5	10.9
				South Africa	14.7	15.0	14.5	14.4	14.3	15.4	15.6	20.0	18.4	17.5
				Swaziland	12.2	12.2	19.7	6.6	17.0	5.7	0.3	-5.3	-1.6	2.6
Low-income countries					15.1	15.9	14.7	15.1	15.5	14.1	15.6	15.8	15.5	16.6
		Excluding fragile countries			16.2	16.9	16.1	15.8	17.0	15.4	16.7	16.8	16.3	16.7
				Benin	11.6	11.6	12.4	11.9	10.4	12.0	14.4	12.4	15.0	13.3
				Burkina Faso	8.1	5.2	8.7	7.3	10.6	8.7	11.5	16.0	18.8	13.6
				Ethiopia	21.1	24.6	20.0	18.1	23.5	19.2	19.5	20.8	17.9	17.5
				Ghana	14.4	15.6	13.9	15.5	15.1	12.0	22.5	14.6	13.7	15.5
				Kenya	16.0	17.2	17.2	16.8	15.5	13.0	14.5	14.7	16.0	17.3
				Madagascar	16.4	16.6	13.2	16.2	15.6	20.4	11.5	12.4	13.4	17.9
				Malawi	14.5	7.0	8.0	13.2	28.0	16.1	19.0	28.8	19.6	19.1
				Mali	9.0	8.6	7.0	12.9	10.0	6.3	12.8	10.7	14.9	14.4
				Mozambique	6.3	7.7	6.1	6.3	5.6	5.7	4.3	9.3	11.3	11.6
				Niger	14.1	7.3	14.2	15.0	14.6	19.3	4.3	16.3	15.7	17.9
				Rwanda	19.1	21.8	21.9	15.4	18.0	18.6	13.9	16.6	15.0	16.1
				Senegal	19.9	19.1	19.5	18.7	22.2	19.8	20.2	21.5	19.3	20.1
				Tanzania	18.3	20.4	19.3	18.3	16.2	17.3	19.5	19.7	19.3	19.0
				Uganda	19.9	20.2	21.0	17.8	20.6	19.9	16.7	14.4	14.2	15.5
				Zambia	16.3	13.7	15.2	23.3	15.4	13.8	25.8	27.6	30.0	28.8
		Fragile countries			10.0	11.7	9.1	12.0	9.0	8.2	10.7	11.4	12.0	16.0
			Including Zimbabwe		…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…
				Burundi	5.1	4.9	9.6	1.8	1.8	7.3	6.1	8.7	4.9	5.7
				Central African Republic	4.4	5.1	3.2	7.1	4.5	2.3	5.3	5.2	4.4	6.2
				Comoros	3.5	4.8	1.9	2.9	4.9	3.2	3.4	9.7	5.2	8.0
				Congo, Dem. Rep. of	8.6	9.8	0.5	10.5	17.1	4.9	8.9	20.2	26.7	34.2
				Côte d’Ivoire	10.9	12.4	10.0	12.1	8.0	12.1	17.6	13.5	…	…
				Eritrea	12.7	18.9	20.8	10.2	6.4	7.2	1.7	3.5	9.2	9.9
				Gambia, The	9.8	17.2	8.1	13.6	8.7	1.3	8.1	5.4	0.2	-0.4
				Guinea	15.1	18.0	19.1	24.2	4.0	10.0	0.6	-2.2	6.7	10.2
				Guinea-Bissau	5.1	9.1	4.5	0.8	7.3	3.9	4.1	3.7	5.6	7.4
				Liberia	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…
				São Tomé & Príncipe	21.9	25.5	66.0	12.3	12.3	-6.8	20.5	7.2	17.8	-3.8
				Sierra Leone	7.2	4.8	10.2	9.7	7.7	3.3	6.6	8.5	6.1	7.8
				Togo	7.4	6.2	8.2	9.0	6.0	7.7	11.1	9.0	10.9	12.1
				Zimbabwe	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…
Sub-Saharan Africa					21.2	18.6	19.2	24.1	22.3	21.6	20.4	20.2	21.8	21.9
			Median		14.8	15.0	14.9	15.4	15.3	13.4	13.7	14.5	15.0	15.7
	Including Zimbabwe				…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…
	Excluding Nigeria and South Africa				18.7	16.6	18.2	20.4	19.9	18.3	14.7	15.6	17.1	18.6
Oil-importing countries					15.8	16.2	15.5	15.7	16.0	15.7	15.8	18.0	17.0	17.2
	Excluding South Africa				16.8	17.3	16.5	17.0	17.5	15.9	15.9	16.3	15.9	17.0
CFA franc zone					16.4	13.2	15.9	17.4	17.4	18.1	15.7	16.4	18.4	19.1
	WAEMU				12.0	11.3	11.6	12.6	12.0	12.6	14.6	14.7	14.2	14.8
	CEMAC				20.8	15.0	20.2	22.3	22.9	23.6	16.7	18.0	22.7	23.5
EAC-5					17.6	18.9	18.8	17.1	16.7	16.2	16.5	16.3	16.4	17.2
SADC					17.3	16.0	16.6	18.5	17.8	17.5	14.2	18.1	18.3	18.8
SACU					16.4	16.4	16.1	16.2	16.2	17.0	15.9	20.1	18.6	17.8
COMESA					17.2	18.4	16.5	16.0	19.1	15.8	15.0	16.8	16.3	17.8
Resource-intensive countries					30.8	23.3	26.2	39.1	33.3	32.0	27.6	23.3	28.6	28.9
	Oil				32.2	23.6	26.9	41.6	35.3	33.6	29.3	24.3	30.7	30.7
	Non-oil resource-intensive countries				22.7	21.7	22.3	25.6	21.2	22.8	16.9	16.8	15.2	17.0
Non-resource-intensive countries					15.2	15.7	14.8	14.8	15.5	15.0	15.7	18.1	17.2	17.2
	Coastal Non-resource-intensive countries				15.0	15.6	14.9	14.9	14.6	15.0	15.9	18.3	17.3	17.1
	Landlocked Non-resource-intensive countries				15.9	15.9	14.6	14.7	19.2	15.3	15.1	17.5	16.9	17.7
MDRI					15.7	16.2	14.9	15.4	16.7	15.1	15.9	16.7	16.9	17.7
Fixed exchange rate regimes					17.0	13.9	16.4	18.1	18.3	18.6	15.9	16.3	18.4	19.0
Floating exchange rate					22.0	19.6	19.8	25.3	23.1	22.2	21.2	20.9	22.4	22.5

Sources: IMF, African Department database, April 1, 2011; and IMF, World Economic Outlook (WEO) database, April 1, 2011.

Table SA9.

Overall Fiscal Balance, Including Grants

(Percent of GDP)

Sources: IMF, African Department database, April 1, 2011; and IMF, World Economic Outlook (WEO) database, April 1, 2011.

^¹The Zimbabwe dollar ceased circulating in early 2009. Data are based on IMF staff estimates of price and exchange rate developments in U.S. dollars. Staff estimates of U.S. dollar values may differ from authorities’ estimates.

Table SA9.

Overall Fiscal Balance, Including Grants

(Percent of GDP)

					2004-08	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012
Oil-exporting countries					7.8	6.0	8.9	13.8	3.7	6.5	-8.1	-2.5	4.1	5.0
	Excluding Nigeria				9.7	2.3	8.3	18.7	9.7	9.2	-4.6	4.7	8.9	8.3
				Angola	9.4	1.5	9.4	16.0	11.3	8.9	-8.6	7.9	12.2	10.6
				Cameroon	8.5	-0.7	3.2	33.1	4.5	2.3	-0.1	-1.0	-0.6	0.4
				Chad	1.2	-4.6	-2.4	5.5	3.1	4.5	-10.1	-7.0	5.2	2.8
				Congo, Rep. of	13.5	3.6	14.6	16.4	9.4	23.5	4.8	21.5	32.5	33.1
				Equatorial Guinea	18.2	12.3	20.6	23.5	19.3	15.4	-8.0	-4.8	-3.1	-3.4
				Gabon	9.2	7.6	8.7	9.2	8.7	11.7	7.5	5.8	6.5	7.7
				Nigeria	6.5	8.1	9.3	10.6	-0.4	4.6	-10.4	-7.2	1.0	3.1
Middle-income countries					0.3	-1.3	0.2	1.3	1.7	-0.6	-5.4	-6.1	-5.6	-4.7
	Excluding South Africa				1.3	-1.5	2.0	4.9	2.9	-1.7	-6.2	-8.0	-4.9	-2.7
				Botswana	4.3	1.2	8.8	11.6	5.0	-5.2	-11.4	-10.8	-3.9	-1.1
				Cape Verde	-3.8	-4.1	-6.7	-5.7	-1.1	-1.4	-6.3	-10.7	-11.8	-8.5
				Lesotho	7.6	5.1	4.1	12.7	11.5	4.8	-2.7	-8.1	-14.5	-8.3
				Mauritius	-3.9	-4.6	-4.7	-4.4	-3.3	-2.8	-3.6	-3.2	-4.2	-4.1
				Namibia	0.9	-3.7	-1.0	2.1	4.4	2.6	-1.7	-7.2	-4.3	-2.1
				Seychelles	-1.8	-0.8	1.6	-5.9	-9.7	5.8	3.0	-0.4	2.4	2.7
				South Africa	0.1	-1.2	0.0	0.8	1.5	-0.5	-5.2	-5.8	-5.7	-5.0
				Swaziland	1.8	-4.2	-2.6	7.4	7.5	1.0	-6.6	-11.8	-9.0	-5.6
Low-income countries					-2.0	-2.6	-2.9	1.2	-2.8	-3.1	-3.4	-4.0	-4.2	-3.4
		Excluding fragile countries			-2.0	-2.4	-2.7	2.0	-3.4	-3.3	-3.8	-4.2	-4.2	-3.4
				Benin	-0.7	-1.1	-2.3	-0.2	0.3	-0.1	-3.3	-0.4	-1.7	-1.4
				Burkina Faso	-0.9	-4.7	-5.5	15.5	-5.6	-4.1	-4.6	-5.8	-4.3	-2.7
				Ethiopia	-3.4	-2.7	-4.2	-3.8	-3.6	-2.9	-0.9	-1.3	-2.5	-2.1
				Ghana	-4.9	-3.1	-2.9	-4.7	-5.6	-8.5	-5.8	-7.7	-4.3	-2.6
				Kenya	-2.4	-0.1	-1.8	-2.5	-3.1	-4.3	-5.4	-6.2	-5.4	-4.6
				Madagascar	4.6	-5.0	-4.8	37.6	-2.7	-1.9	-2.8	-1.1	-1.3	-4.1
				Malawi	-3.0	-4.6	-1.1	0.4	-4.5	-5.4	-5.3	1.7	-0.2	-1.3
				Mali	4.8	-1.8	-2.3	32.2	-2.4	-1.5	-3.3	-1.9	-3.0	-2.1
				Mozambique	-3.3	-4.4	-2.8	-4.1	-2.9	-2.5	-5.4	-3.6	-6.7	-6.3
				Niger	7.1	-3.5	-2.0	40.3	-1.0	1.5	-5.3	-3.1	-1.3	-0.5
				Rwanda	0.2	0.9	0.9	0.2	-1.7	1.0	1.5	4.3	3.3	1.9
				Senegal	-3.8	-2.3	-2.8	-5.4	-3.8	-4.7	-5.0	-5.0	-5.7	-5.3
				Tanzania	-3.0	-2.8	-3.0	-4.9	-4.0	0.0	-4.8	-6.9	-6.5	-6.0
				Uganda	-1.4	-1.2	-0.5	-0.9	-1.3	-3.0	-2.4	-5.0	-6.8	-3.2
				Zambia	2.4	-2.9	-2.8	20.2	-1.3	-1.5	-2.6	-3.1	-2.9	-5.7
		Fragile countries			-2.3	-3.5	-3.4	-2.0	-0.2	-2.5	-1.5	-3.2	-4.0	-3.6
			Including Zimbabwe		-2.4	…	-3.7	-2.0	-0.4	-2.5	-1.5	-3.2	-3.9	-3.4
				Burundi	-2.3	-4.9	-5.1	-1.4	0.4	-0.7	58.5	-3.0	-2.6	-2.5
				Central African Republic	0.5	-2.1	-4.5	9.0	1.2	-1.0	0.0	-0.6	-0.1	0.3
				Comoros	-0.1	-0.2	1.6	-1.0	-0.4	-0.6	2.5	6.9	-1.0	0.4
				Congo, Dem. Rep. of	-3.1	-4.3	-3.9	-0.6	-3.5	-3.3	-4.2	2.4	-7.1	-5.6
				Côte d’Ivoire	-1.3	-1.7	-1.7	-1.8	-0.8	-0.6	-1.6	-2.0	…	…
				Eritrea	-17.9	-16.6	-22.2	-14.1	-15.7	-21.1	-14.7	-16.1	-16.2	-13.5
				Gambia, The	-3.1	-4.1	-5.8	-5.0	0.5	-1.3	-2.4	-4.9	-1.8	-2.9
				Guinea	-2.2	-5.4	-1.6	-3.1	0.3	-1.3	-7.2	-14.2	-3.9	-0.9
				Guinea-Bissau	-5.7	-7.8	-6.2	-4.8	-5.9	-3.8	2.9	-0.2	-1.9	-1.3
				Liberia	-0.6	0.0	0.0	6.0	3.9	-12.9	-12.0	-6.6	-3.6	-3.3
				São Tomé & Príncipe	28.8	-16.7	37.8	-13.8	121.8	14.9	-19.2	-7.9	-7.4	-10.9
				Sierra Leone	2.8	-3.2	-1.9	-2.2	25.8	-4.7	-3.2	-6.9	-4.0	-2.9
				Togo	-1.4	1.0	-2.4	-2.8	-1.9	-0.9	-2.8	-2.8	-2.6	-2.4
				Zimbabwe¹	-4.6	…	-8.6	-3.3	-3.9	-2.8	-2.9	-2.3	-1.6	-0.2
Sub-Saharan Africa					2.0	0.7	2.0	5.3	1.0	1.0	-5.7	-4.2	-1.8	-0.9
			Median		-1.3	-2.7	-2.0	-0.2	-0.8	-1.0	-3.6	-3.6	-3.1	-2.6
	Including Zimbabwe				2.0	…	2.0	5.3	0.9	1.0	-5.7	-4.2	-1.8	-0.9
	Excluding Nigeria and South Africa				1.3	-1.3	0.4	6.1	1.1	0.4	-4.0	-2.0	-0.7	-0.2
Oil-importing countries					-0.8	-1.9	-1.2	1.2	-0.4	-1.8	-4.4	-5.1	-4.9	-4.1
	Excluding South Africa				-1.7	-2.5	-2.3	1.6	-2.1	-3.0	-3.7	-4.5	-4.2	-3.3
CFA franc zone					4.6	0.2	2.2	14.0	2.9	3.7	-2.2	-0.7	1.2	1.5
	WAEMU				-0.3	-2.3	-2.7	7.8	-2.3	-1.8	-3.4	-3.0	-3.1	-2.8
	CEMAC				9.5	2.7	7.2	20.4	8.2	9.2	-1.0	1.8	5.6	5.9
EAC-5					-2.2	-1.3	-1.8	-2.8	-2.8	-2.2	-2.9	-5.4	-5.5	-4.3
SADC					1.0	-1.4	0.5	3.2	2.0	0.4	-5.6	-3.7	-3.0	-2.6
SACU					0.4	-1.2	0.4	1.5	1.9	-0.6	-5.4	-6.2	-5.6	-4.8
COMESA					-2.2	-2.5	-3.2	0.7	-3.0	-3.2	-2.3	-2.8	-4.0	-3.2
Resource-intensive countries					6.7	4.8	7.7	12.1	3.6	5.3	-7.7	-3.1	3.1	4.1
	Oil				7.8	6.0	8.9	13.8	3.7	6.5	-8.1	-2.5	4.1	5.0
	Non-oil resource-intensive countries				0.8	-1.6	1.4	2.6	3.1	-1.7	-5.2	-7.0	-3.2	-2.1
Non-resource-intensive countries					-0.9	-1.8	-1.4	1.2	-0.7	-1.7	-4.3	-4.8	-5.0	-4.2
	Coastal Non-resource-intensive countries				-0.8	-1.7	-1.0	0.2	-0.2	-1.5	-5.1	-5.7	-5.4	-4.7
	Landlocked Non-resource-intensive countries				-1.1	-2.6	-3.0	4.8	-2.4	-2.4	-1.6	-2.0	-3.7	-2.5
MDRI					-0.3	-2.4	-1.7	6.0	-1.8	-1.7	-2.5	-2.5	-2.5	-1.8
Fixed exchange rate regimes					4.0	-0.3	1.6	12.7	2.9	3.2	-2.5	-1.5	0.3	0.8
Floating exchange rate					1.6	0.9	2.1	3.8	0.6	0.5	-6.3	-4.7	-2.2	-1.2

Sources: IMF, African Department database, April 1, 2011; and IMF, World Economic Outlook (WEO) database, April 1, 2011.

Table SA9.

Overall Fiscal Balance, Including Grants

(Percent of GDP)

					2004-08	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012
Oil-exporting countries					7.8	6.0	8.9	13.8	3.7	6.5	-8.1	-2.5	4.1	5.0
	Excluding Nigeria				9.7	2.3	8.3	18.7	9.7	9.2	-4.6	4.7	8.9	8.3
				Angola	9.4	1.5	9.4	16.0	11.3	8.9	-8.6	7.9	12.2	10.6
				Cameroon	8.5	-0.7	3.2	33.1	4.5	2.3	-0.1	-1.0	-0.6	0.4
				Chad	1.2	-4.6	-2.4	5.5	3.1	4.5	-10.1	-7.0	5.2	2.8
				Congo, Rep. of	13.5	3.6	14.6	16.4	9.4	23.5	4.8	21.5	32.5	33.1
				Equatorial Guinea	18.2	12.3	20.6	23.5	19.3	15.4	-8.0	-4.8	-3.1	-3.4
				Gabon	9.2	7.6	8.7	9.2	8.7	11.7	7.5	5.8	6.5	7.7
				Nigeria	6.5	8.1	9.3	10.6	-0.4	4.6	-10.4	-7.2	1.0	3.1
Middle-income countries					0.3	-1.3	0.2	1.3	1.7	-0.6	-5.4	-6.1	-5.6	-4.7
	Excluding South Africa				1.3	-1.5	2.0	4.9	2.9	-1.7	-6.2	-8.0	-4.9	-2.7
				Botswana	4.3	1.2	8.8	11.6	5.0	-5.2	-11.4	-10.8	-3.9	-1.1
				Cape Verde	-3.8	-4.1	-6.7	-5.7	-1.1	-1.4	-6.3	-10.7	-11.8	-8.5
				Lesotho	7.6	5.1	4.1	12.7	11.5	4.8	-2.7	-8.1	-14.5	-8.3
				Mauritius	-3.9	-4.6	-4.7	-4.4	-3.3	-2.8	-3.6	-3.2	-4.2	-4.1
				Namibia	0.9	-3.7	-1.0	2.1	4.4	2.6	-1.7	-7.2	-4.3	-2.1
				Seychelles	-1.8	-0.8	1.6	-5.9	-9.7	5.8	3.0	-0.4	2.4	2.7
				South Africa	0.1	-1.2	0.0	0.8	1.5	-0.5	-5.2	-5.8	-5.7	-5.0
				Swaziland	1.8	-4.2	-2.6	7.4	7.5	1.0	-6.6	-11.8	-9.0	-5.6
Low-income countries					-2.0	-2.6	-2.9	1.2	-2.8	-3.1	-3.4	-4.0	-4.2	-3.4
		Excluding fragile countries			-2.0	-2.4	-2.7	2.0	-3.4	-3.3	-3.8	-4.2	-4.2	-3.4
				Benin	-0.7	-1.1	-2.3	-0.2	0.3	-0.1	-3.3	-0.4	-1.7	-1.4
				Burkina Faso	-0.9	-4.7	-5.5	15.5	-5.6	-4.1	-4.6	-5.8	-4.3	-2.7
				Ethiopia	-3.4	-2.7	-4.2	-3.8	-3.6	-2.9	-0.9	-1.3	-2.5	-2.1
				Ghana	-4.9	-3.1	-2.9	-4.7	-5.6	-8.5	-5.8	-7.7	-4.3	-2.6
				Kenya	-2.4	-0.1	-1.8	-2.5	-3.1	-4.3	-5.4	-6.2	-5.4	-4.6
				Madagascar	4.6	-5.0	-4.8	37.6	-2.7	-1.9	-2.8	-1.1	-1.3	-4.1
				Malawi	-3.0	-4.6	-1.1	0.4	-4.5	-5.4	-5.3	1.7	-0.2	-1.3
				Mali	4.8	-1.8	-2.3	32.2	-2.4	-1.5	-3.3	-1.9	-3.0	-2.1
				Mozambique	-3.3	-4.4	-2.8	-4.1	-2.9	-2.5	-5.4	-3.6	-6.7	-6.3
				Niger	7.1	-3.5	-2.0	40.3	-1.0	1.5	-5.3	-3.1	-1.3	-0.5
				Rwanda	0.2	0.9	0.9	0.2	-1.7	1.0	1.5	4.3	3.3	1.9
				Senegal	-3.8	-2.3	-2.8	-5.4	-3.8	-4.7	-5.0	-5.0	-5.7	-5.3
				Tanzania	-3.0	-2.8	-3.0	-4.9	-4.0	0.0	-4.8	-6.9	-6.5	-6.0
				Uganda	-1.4	-1.2	-0.5	-0.9	-1.3	-3.0	-2.4	-5.0	-6.8	-3.2
				Zambia	2.4	-2.9	-2.8	20.2	-1.3	-1.5	-2.6	-3.1	-2.9	-5.7
		Fragile countries			-2.3	-3.5	-3.4	-2.0	-0.2	-2.5	-1.5	-3.2	-4.0	-3.6
			Including Zimbabwe		-2.4	…	-3.7	-2.0	-0.4	-2.5	-1.5	-3.2	-3.9	-3.4
				Burundi	-2.3	-4.9	-5.1	-1.4	0.4	-0.7	58.5	-3.0	-2.6	-2.5
				Central African Republic	0.5	-2.1	-4.5	9.0	1.2	-1.0	0.0	-0.6	-0.1	0.3
				Comoros	-0.1	-0.2	1.6	-1.0	-0.4	-0.6	2.5	6.9	-1.0	0.4
				Congo, Dem. Rep. of	-3.1	-4.3	-3.9	-0.6	-3.5	-3.3	-4.2	2.4	-7.1	-5.6
				Côte d’Ivoire	-1.3	-1.7	-1.7	-1.8	-0.8	-0.6	-1.6	-2.0	…	…
				Eritrea	-17.9	-16.6	-22.2	-14.1	-15.7	-21.1	-14.7	-16.1	-16.2	-13.5
				Gambia, The	-3.1	-4.1	-5.8	-5.0	0.5	-1.3	-2.4	-4.9	-1.8	-2.9
				Guinea	-2.2	-5.4	-1.6	-3.1	0.3	-1.3	-7.2	-14.2	-3.9	-0.9
				Guinea-Bissau	-5.7	-7.8	-6.2	-4.8	-5.9	-3.8	2.9	-0.2	-1.9	-1.3
				Liberia	-0.6	0.0	0.0	6.0	3.9	-12.9	-12.0	-6.6	-3.6	-3.3
				São Tomé & Príncipe	28.8	-16.7	37.8	-13.8	121.8	14.9	-19.2	-7.9	-7.4	-10.9
				Sierra Leone	2.8	-3.2	-1.9	-2.2	25.8	-4.7	-3.2	-6.9	-4.0	-2.9
				Togo	-1.4	1.0	-2.4	-2.8	-1.9	-0.9	-2.8	-2.8	-2.6	-2.4
				Zimbabwe¹	-4.6	…	-8.6	-3.3	-3.9	-2.8	-2.9	-2.3	-1.6	-0.2
Sub-Saharan Africa					2.0	0.7	2.0	5.3	1.0	1.0	-5.7	-4.2	-1.8	-0.9
			Median		-1.3	-2.7	-2.0	-0.2	-0.8	-1.0	-3.6	-3.6	-3.1	-2.6
	Including Zimbabwe				2.0	…	2.0	5.3	0.9	1.0	-5.7	-4.2	-1.8	-0.9
	Excluding Nigeria and South Africa				1.3	-1.3	0.4	6.1	1.1	0.4	-4.0	-2.0	-0.7	-0.2
Oil-importing countries					-0.8	-1.9	-1.2	1.2	-0.4	-1.8	-4.4	-5.1	-4.9	-4.1
	Excluding South Africa				-1.7	-2.5	-2.3	1.6	-2.1	-3.0	-3.7	-4.5	-4.2	-3.3
CFA franc zone					4.6	0.2	2.2	14.0	2.9	3.7	-2.2	-0.7	1.2	1.5
	WAEMU				-0.3	-2.3	-2.7	7.8	-2.3	-1.8	-3.4	-3.0	-3.1	-2.8
	CEMAC				9.5	2.7	7.2	20.4	8.2	9.2	-1.0	1.8	5.6	5.9
EAC-5					-2.2	-1.3	-1.8	-2.8	-2.8	-2.2	-2.9	-5.4	-5.5	-4.3
SADC					1.0	-1.4	0.5	3.2	2.0	0.4	-5.6	-3.7	-3.0	-2.6
SACU					0.4	-1.2	0.4	1.5	1.9	-0.6	-5.4	-6.2	-5.6	-4.8
COMESA					-2.2	-2.5	-3.2	0.7	-3.0	-3.2	-2.3	-2.8	-4.0	-3.2
Resource-intensive countries					6.7	4.8	7.7	12.1	3.6	5.3	-7.7	-3.1	3.1	4.1
	Oil				7.8	6.0	8.9	13.8	3.7	6.5	-8.1	-2.5	4.1	5.0
	Non-oil resource-intensive countries				0.8	-1.6	1.4	2.6	3.1	-1.7	-5.2	-7.0	-3.2	-2.1
Non-resource-intensive countries					-0.9	-1.8	-1.4	1.2	-0.7	-1.7	-4.3	-4.8	-5.0	-4.2
	Coastal Non-resource-intensive countries				-0.8	-1.7	-1.0	0.2	-0.2	-1.5	-5.1	-5.7	-5.4	-4.7
	Landlocked Non-resource-intensive countries				-1.1	-2.6	-3.0	4.8	-2.4	-2.4	-1.6	-2.0	-3.7	-2.5
MDRI					-0.3	-2.4	-1.7	6.0	-1.8	-1.7	-2.5	-2.5	-2.5	-1.8
Fixed exchange rate regimes					4.0	-0.3	1.6	12.7	2.9	3.2	-2.5	-1.5	0.3	0.8
Floating exchange rate					1.6	0.9	2.1	3.8	0.6	0.5	-6.3	-4.7	-2.2	-1.2

Sources: IMF, African Department database, April 1, 2011; and IMF, World Economic Outlook (WEO) database, April 1, 2011.

Table SA10.

Overall Fiscal Balance, Including Grants

(Percent of GDP)

Sources: IMF, African Department database, April 1, 2011; and IMF, World Economic Outlook (WEO) database, April 1, 2011.

Table SA10.

Overall Fiscal Balance, Including Grants

(Percent of GDP)

					2004-08	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012
Oil-exporting countries					7.1	5.8	8.7	11.4	3.5	6.4	-8.3	-2.6	3.9	4.9
	Excluding Nigeria				8.1	1.8	7.8	12.5	9.3	8.9	-5.1	4.5	8.6	7.9
				Angola	9.3	1.0	9.1	16.0	11.3	8.9	-8.6	7.9	12.2	10.6
				Cameroon	2.4	-0.8	3.0	4.7	3.3	1.5	-0.9	-1.6	-1.5	-0.4
				Chad	-1.0	-7.6	-5.7	3.6	1.7	3.0	-13.7	-8.7	4.3	0.7
				Congo, Rep. of	13.2	3.3	14.5	16.3	9.1	22.8	4.5	21.4	31.7	32.4
				Equatorial Guinea	18.2	12.3	20.6	23.5	19.3	15.4	-8.0	-4.8	-3.1	-3.4
				Gabon	9.2	7.5	8.7	9.2	8.7	11.7	7.5	5.8	6.5	7.7
				Nigeria	6.5	8.1	9.3	10.6	-0.4	4.6	-10.4	-7.2	1.0	3.1
Middle-income countries					0.2	-1.4	0.2	1.2	1.6	-0.7	-5.5	-6.2	-5.7	-4.9
	Excluding South Africa				0.7	-2.3	1.5	4.3	2.3	-2.5	-7.5	-9.0	-6.2	-4.0
				Botswana	3.7	0.5	8.6	11.0	4.2	-5.8	-12.3	-11.3	-4.4	-1.7
				Cape Verde	-10.2	-13.0	-13.3	-11.6	-6.3	-6.9	-11.8	-17.0	-17.0	-13.2
				Lesotho	5.7	2.3	1.9	11.5	10.0	2.8	-6.7	-16.5	-24.2	-20.1
				Mauritius	-4.2	-4.9	-4.9	-4.6	-3.4	-3.4	-5.2	-3.9	-5.1	-5.1
				Namibia	0.8	-3.9	-1.1	2.0	4.3	2.5	-2.0	-7.5	-4.6	-2.3
				Seychelles	-3.1	-1.0	0.6	-7.2	-9.9	2.1	-1.4	-1.3	-2.1	1.1
				South Africa	0.1	-1.2	0.0	0.8	1.5	-0.5	-5.2	-5.8	-5.7	-5.0
				Swaziland	1.1	-5.0	-3.6	6.5	7.0	0.5	-7.1	-12.7	-10.0	-6.4
Low-income countries					-7.2	-7.0	-7.3	-7.3	-7.3	-7.2	-7.9	-8.1	-8.3	-7.4
		Excluding fragile countries			-7.5	-7.1	-7.4	-7.7	-7.9	-7.4	-7.9	-8.0	-8.4	-7.4
				Benin	-3.0	-3.7	-4.3	-2.5	-2.6	-1.8	-6.5	-1.9	-4.0	-3.4
				Burkina Faso	-10.2	-9.3	-10.1	-11.2	-12.1	-8.1	-10.5	-10.4	-10.0	-8.5
				Ethiopia	-7.6	-7.3	-8.4	-7.4	-8.0	-6.9	-5.2	-4.6	-6.7	-6.2
				Ghana	-8.3	-7.0	-6.1	-8.1	-9.3	-11.2	-8.8	-10.1	-6.7	-4.2
				Kenya	-3.5	-1.3	-3.1	-3.6	-4.2	-5.4	-6.3	-7.2	-6.6	-5.8
				Madagascar	-9.3	-13.2	-10.5	-10.3	-7.0	-5.4	-3.9	-1.7	-2.4	-6.4
				Malawi	-15.5	-14.9	-13.2	-14.3	-17.9	-17.1	-14.5	-11.5	-7.7	-9.7
				Mali	-6.1	-5.8	-6.2	-6.7	-7.0	-4.9	-7.9	-5.5	-7.7	-6.4
				Mozambique	-11.3	-11.7	-8.8	-12.0	-12.2	-11.9	-14.8	-12.5	-15.8	-15.2
				Niger	-7.6	-9.3	-9.6	-6.8	-8.1	-4.4	-9.8	-9.7	-6.9	-6.3
				Rwanda	-10.1	-9.2	-10.8	-9.6	-10.7	-10.0	-13.1	-12.3	-12.6	-12.1
				Senegal	-5.8	-4.4	-4.4	-6.9	-6.4	-7.1	-8.0	-7.5	-8.0	-7.6
				Tanzania	-8.8	-8.2	-9.9	-10.3	-8.9	-6.9	-9.9	-11.6	-12.9	-12.4
				Uganda	-7.0	-9.0	-8.1	-6.3	-5.8	-5.7	-5.0	-7.5	-9.7	-5.5
				Zambia	-6.8	-8.4	-8.4	-6.3	-5.8	-5.2	-5.5	-4.9	-4.7	-8.0
		Fragile countries			-5.9	-6.5	-6.6	-5.7	-4.7	-6.0	-7.8	-8.9	-8.1	-7.5
			Including Zimbabwe		-5.9	…	-6.8	-5.6	-4.6	-5.8	-7.6	-8.6	-7.8	-7.1
				Burundi	-25.8	-19.7	-16.8	-19.3	-35.3	-38.2	-32.1	-31.8	-24.8	-21.3
				Central African Republic	-5.5	-5.5	-8.7	-4.4	-2.9	-5.8	-5.3	-6.1	-4.2	-4.4
				Comoros	-6.7	-3.2	-3.1	-6.6	-8.8	-12.1	-8.2	-9.0	-9.0	-8.2
				Congo, Dem. Rep. of	-6.8	-6.2	-9.1	-7.3	-5.7	-5.9	-11.7	-11.7	-15.8	-14.2
				Côte d’Ivoire	-2.3	-2.6	-2.8	-2.4	-1.3	-2.3	-2.2	-2.4	…	…
				Eritrea	-24.8	-31.7	-31.5	-18.2	-18.8	-24.0	-17.3	-21.3	-19.4	-14.7
				Gambia, The	-4.6	-7.2	-7.0	-6.0	-0.4	-2.4	-6.3	-8.6	-4.3	-3.9
				Guinea	-3.2	-6.5	-2.3	-4.6	-0.5	-1.8	-7.6	-14.6	-4.8	-1.9
				Guinea-Bissau	-13.3	-16.7	-12.9	-11.1	-14.1	-12.0	-12.9	-9.8	-10.5	-11.8
				Liberia	-0.9	-0.3	0.0	5.8	3.7	-13.6	-15.1	-9.0	-6.7	-5.6
				São Tomé & Príncipe	-12.0	-35.8	20.8	-29.8	0.2	-15.6	-34.4	-23.6	-20.9	-21.3
				Sierra Leone	-10.0	-12.2	-11.9	-10.4	-6.3	-9.2	-11.1	-14.0	-11.5	-9.1
				Togo	-2.7	0.2	-3.6	-4.2	-3.6	-2.3	-4.4	-5.2	-5.9	-6.7
				Zimbabwe¹	-4.6	…	-8.6	-3.3	-3.9	-2.8	-3.6	-2.3	-1.6	-0.2
Sub-Saharan Africa					0.1	-0.8	0.6	1.8	-0.5	-0.4	-7.2	-5.6	-3.2	-2.3
			Median		-5.3	-5.8	-4.9	-6.3	-4.2	-5.4	-8.0	-8.6	-6.7	-6.3
	Including Zimbabwe				0.1	…	0.6	1.8	-0.5	-0.4	-7.2	-5.6	-3.2	-2.3
	Excluding Nigeria and South Africa				-2.4	-4.3	-2.6	-1.1	-1.9	-2.3	-7.0	-4.8	-3.5	-3.0
Oil-importing countries					-3.2	-3.9	-3.3	-2.7	-2.5	-3.7	-6.6	-7.1	-7.0	-6.1
	Excluding South Africa				-6.2	-6.4	-6.2	-5.9	-6.1	-6.6	-7.8	-8.2	-8.0	-7.0
CFA franc zone					0.7	-1.5	0.5	1.8	0.9	1.9	-4.3	-2.3	-0.5	-0.4
	WAEMU				-5.3	-5.0	-5.5	-5.6	-5.6	-4.6	-6.6	-5.7	-6.0	-5.7
	CEMAC				6.8	2.1	6.5	9.5	7.4	8.5	-1.9	1.1	5.0	5.1
EAC-5					-6.8	-6.0	-7.1	-7.0	-7.1	-6.9	-8.1	-9.5	-10.1	-8.7
SADC					-0.3	-2.4	-0.5	1.0	1.1	-0.6	-6.7	-4.9	-4.2	-3.9
SACU					0.4	-1.2	0.4	1.4	1.8	-0.6	-5.5	-6.3	-5.7	-4.9
COMESA					-7.0	-7.2	-7.7	-6.7	-6.9	-6.8	-7.0	-7.1	-8.0	-7.1
Resource-intensive countries					6.0	4.4	7.4	9.9	3.2	5.0	-8.0	-3.3	2.9	3.9
	Oil				7.1	5.8	8.7	11.4	3.5	6.4	-8.3	-2.6	3.9	4.9
	Non-oil resource-intensive countries				-0.5	-2.7	0.4	1.6	1.1	-2.9	-6.1	-7.8	-3.9	-2.7
Non-resource-intensive countries					-3.4	-3.9	-3.5	-3.1	-2.8	-3.7	-6.6	-7.0	-7.2	-6.4
	Coastal Non-resource-intensive countries				-2.3	-2.9	-2.2	-2.0	-1.4	-2.8	-6.3	-6.7	-6.6	-6.0
	Landlocked Non-resource-intensive countries				-7.8	-8.2	-8.7	-7.2	-7.9	-7.1	-7.9	-8.0	-9.1	-7.7
MDRI					-6.5	-7.0	-6.4	-6.3	-6.7	-6.0	-7.4	-6.9	-7.0	-6.0
Fixed exchange rate regimes					0.4	-2.1	-0.2	1.7	1.0	1.5	-4.5	-3.2	-1.5	-1.1
Floating exchange rate					0.1	-0.5	0.8	1.8	-0.8	-0.7	-7.7	-6.0	-3.5	-2.5

Sources: IMF, African Department database, April 1, 2011; and IMF, World Economic Outlook (WEO) database, April 1, 2011.

Table SA10.

Overall Fiscal Balance, Including Grants

(Percent of GDP)

					2004-08	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012
Oil-exporting countries					7.1	5.8	8.7	11.4	3.5	6.4	-8.3	-2.6	3.9	4.9
	Excluding Nigeria				8.1	1.8	7.8	12.5	9.3	8.9	-5.1	4.5	8.6	7.9
				Angola	9.3	1.0	9.1	16.0	11.3	8.9	-8.6	7.9	12.2	10.6
				Cameroon	2.4	-0.8	3.0	4.7	3.3	1.5	-0.9	-1.6	-1.5	-0.4
				Chad	-1.0	-7.6	-5.7	3.6	1.7	3.0	-13.7	-8.7	4.3	0.7
				Congo, Rep. of	13.2	3.3	14.5	16.3	9.1	22.8	4.5	21.4	31.7	32.4
				Equatorial Guinea	18.2	12.3	20.6	23.5	19.3	15.4	-8.0	-4.8	-3.1	-3.4
				Gabon	9.2	7.5	8.7	9.2	8.7	11.7	7.5	5.8	6.5	7.7
				Nigeria	6.5	8.1	9.3	10.6	-0.4	4.6	-10.4	-7.2	1.0	3.1
Middle-income countries					0.2	-1.4	0.2	1.2	1.6	-0.7	-5.5	-6.2	-5.7	-4.9
	Excluding South Africa				0.7	-2.3	1.5	4.3	2.3	-2.5	-7.5	-9.0	-6.2	-4.0
				Botswana	3.7	0.5	8.6	11.0	4.2	-5.8	-12.3	-11.3	-4.4	-1.7
				Cape Verde	-10.2	-13.0	-13.3	-11.6	-6.3	-6.9	-11.8	-17.0	-17.0	-13.2
				Lesotho	5.7	2.3	1.9	11.5	10.0	2.8	-6.7	-16.5	-24.2	-20.1
				Mauritius	-4.2	-4.9	-4.9	-4.6	-3.4	-3.4	-5.2	-3.9	-5.1	-5.1
				Namibia	0.8	-3.9	-1.1	2.0	4.3	2.5	-2.0	-7.5	-4.6	-2.3
				Seychelles	-3.1	-1.0	0.6	-7.2	-9.9	2.1	-1.4	-1.3	-2.1	1.1
				South Africa	0.1	-1.2	0.0	0.8	1.5	-0.5	-5.2	-5.8	-5.7	-5.0
				Swaziland	1.1	-5.0	-3.6	6.5	7.0	0.5	-7.1	-12.7	-10.0	-6.4
Low-income countries					-7.2	-7.0	-7.3	-7.3	-7.3	-7.2	-7.9	-8.1	-8.3	-7.4
		Excluding fragile countries			-7.5	-7.1	-7.4	-7.7	-7.9	-7.4	-7.9	-8.0	-8.4	-7.4
				Benin	-3.0	-3.7	-4.3	-2.5	-2.6	-1.8	-6.5	-1.9	-4.0	-3.4
				Burkina Faso	-10.2	-9.3	-10.1	-11.2	-12.1	-8.1	-10.5	-10.4	-10.0	-8.5
				Ethiopia	-7.6	-7.3	-8.4	-7.4	-8.0	-6.9	-5.2	-4.6	-6.7	-6.2
				Ghana	-8.3	-7.0	-6.1	-8.1	-9.3	-11.2	-8.8	-10.1	-6.7	-4.2
				Kenya	-3.5	-1.3	-3.1	-3.6	-4.2	-5.4	-6.3	-7.2	-6.6	-5.8
				Madagascar	-9.3	-13.2	-10.5	-10.3	-7.0	-5.4	-3.9	-1.7	-2.4	-6.4
				Malawi	-15.5	-14.9	-13.2	-14.3	-17.9	-17.1	-14.5	-11.5	-7.7	-9.7
				Mali	-6.1	-5.8	-6.2	-6.7	-7.0	-4.9	-7.9	-5.5	-7.7	-6.4
				Mozambique	-11.3	-11.7	-8.8	-12.0	-12.2	-11.9	-14.8	-12.5	-15.8	-15.2
				Niger	-7.6	-9.3	-9.6	-6.8	-8.1	-4.4	-9.8	-9.7	-6.9	-6.3
				Rwanda	-10.1	-9.2	-10.8	-9.6	-10.7	-10.0	-13.1	-12.3	-12.6	-12.1
				Senegal	-5.8	-4.4	-4.4	-6.9	-6.4	-7.1	-8.0	-7.5	-8.0	-7.6
				Tanzania	-8.8	-8.2	-9.9	-10.3	-8.9	-6.9	-9.9	-11.6	-12.9	-12.4
				Uganda	-7.0	-9.0	-8.1	-6.3	-5.8	-5.7	-5.0	-7.5	-9.7	-5.5
				Zambia	-6.8	-8.4	-8.4	-6.3	-5.8	-5.2	-5.5	-4.9	-4.7	-8.0
		Fragile countries			-5.9	-6.5	-6.6	-5.7	-4.7	-6.0	-7.8	-8.9	-8.1	-7.5
			Including Zimbabwe		-5.9	…	-6.8	-5.6	-4.6	-5.8	-7.6	-8.6	-7.8	-7.1
				Burundi	-25.8	-19.7	-16.8	-19.3	-35.3	-38.2	-32.1	-31.8	-24.8	-21.3
				Central African Republic	-5.5	-5.5	-8.7	-4.4	-2.9	-5.8	-5.3	-6.1	-4.2	-4.4
				Comoros	-6.7	-3.2	-3.1	-6.6	-8.8	-12.1	-8.2	-9.0	-9.0	-8.2
				Congo, Dem. Rep. of	-6.8	-6.2	-9.1	-7.3	-5.7	-5.9	-11.7	-11.7	-15.8	-14.2
				Côte d’Ivoire	-2.3	-2.6	-2.8	-2.4	-1.3	-2.3	-2.2	-2.4	…	…
				Eritrea	-24.8	-31.7	-31.5	-18.2	-18.8	-24.0	-17.3	-21.3	-19.4	-14.7
				Gambia, The	-4.6	-7.2	-7.0	-6.0	-0.4	-2.4	-6.3	-8.6	-4.3	-3.9
				Guinea	-3.2	-6.5	-2.3	-4.6	-0.5	-1.8	-7.6	-14.6	-4.8	-1.9
				Guinea-Bissau	-13.3	-16.7	-12.9	-11.1	-14.1	-12.0	-12.9	-9.8	-10.5	-11.8
				Liberia	-0.9	-0.3	0.0	5.8	3.7	-13.6	-15.1	-9.0	-6.7	-5.6
				São Tomé & Príncipe	-12.0	-35.8	20.8	-29.8	0.2	-15.6	-34.4	-23.6	-20.9	-21.3
				Sierra Leone	-10.0	-12.2	-11.9	-10.4	-6.3	-9.2	-11.1	-14.0	-11.5	-9.1
				Togo	-2.7	0.2	-3.6	-4.2	-3.6	-2.3	-4.4	-5.2	-5.9	-6.7
				Zimbabwe¹	-4.6	…	-8.6	-3.3	-3.9	-2.8	-3.6	-2.3	-1.6	-0.2
Sub-Saharan Africa					0.1	-0.8	0.6	1.8	-0.5	-0.4	-7.2	-5.6	-3.2	-2.3
			Median		-5.3	-5.8	-4.9	-6.3	-4.2	-5.4	-8.0	-8.6	-6.7	-6.3
	Including Zimbabwe				0.1	…	0.6	1.8	-0.5	-0.4	-7.2	-5.6	-3.2	-2.3
	Excluding Nigeria and South Africa				-2.4	-4.3	-2.6	-1.1	-1.9	-2.3	-7.0	-4.8	-3.5	-3.0
Oil-importing countries					-3.2	-3.9	-3.3	-2.7	-2.5	-3.7	-6.6	-7.1	-7.0	-6.1
	Excluding South Africa				-6.2	-6.4	-6.2	-5.9	-6.1	-6.6	-7.8	-8.2	-8.0	-7.0
CFA franc zone					0.7	-1.5	0.5	1.8	0.9	1.9	-4.3	-2.3	-0.5	-0.4
	WAEMU				-5.3	-5.0	-5.5	-5.6	-5.6	-4.6	-6.6	-5.7	-6.0	-5.7
	CEMAC				6.8	2.1	6.5	9.5	7.4	8.5	-1.9	1.1	5.0	5.1
EAC-5					-6.8	-6.0	-7.1	-7.0	-7.1	-6.9	-8.1	-9.5	-10.1	-8.7
SADC					-0.3	-2.4	-0.5	1.0	1.1	-0.6	-6.7	-4.9	-4.2	-3.9
SACU					0.4	-1.2	0.4	1.4	1.8	-0.6	-5.5	-6.3	-5.7	-4.9
COMESA					-7.0	-7.2	-7.7	-6.7	-6.9	-6.8	-7.0	-7.1	-8.0	-7.1
Resource-intensive countries					6.0	4.4	7.4	9.9	3.2	5.0	-8.0	-3.3	2.9	3.9
	Oil				7.1	5.8	8.7	11.4	3.5	6.4	-8.3	-2.6	3.9	4.9
	Non-oil resource-intensive countries				-0.5	-2.7	0.4	1.6	1.1	-2.9	-6.1	-7.8	-3.9	-2.7
Non-resource-intensive countries					-3.4	-3.9	-3.5	-3.1	-2.8	-3.7	-6.6	-7.0	-7.2	-6.4
	Coastal Non-resource-intensive countries				-2.3	-2.9	-2.2	-2.0	-1.4	-2.8	-6.3	-6.7	-6.6	-6.0
	Landlocked Non-resource-intensive countries				-7.8	-8.2	-8.7	-7.2	-7.9	-7.1	-7.9	-8.0	-9.1	-7.7
MDRI					-6.5	-7.0	-6.4	-6.3	-6.7	-6.0	-7.4	-6.9	-7.0	-6.0
Fixed exchange rate regimes					0.4	-2.1	-0.2	1.7	1.0	1.5	-4.5	-3.2	-1.5	-1.1
Floating exchange rate					0.1	-0.5	0.8	1.8	-0.8	-0.7	-7.7	-6.0	-3.5	-2.5

Sources: IMF, African Department database, April 1, 2011; and IMF, World Economic Outlook (WEO) database, April 1, 2011.

Table SA11.

Government Revenue, Excluding Grants

(Percent of GDP)

Sources: IMF, African Department database, April 1, 2011; and IMF, World Economic Outlook (WEO) database, April 1, 2011.

Table SA11.

Government Revenue, Excluding Grants

(Percent of GDP)

					2004-08	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012
Oil-exporting countries					34.0	32.5	35.5	35.2	31.4	35.7	23.3	28.8	31.9	31.7
	Excluding Nigeria				34.4	27.6	31.6	37.2	35.8	39.8	28.4	34.0	35.6	36.1
				Angola	46.1	39.5	43.9	50.2	45.8	50.9	30.8	42.2	43.5	43.7
				Cameroon	18.2	15.2	17.6	19.3	19.1	20.0	17.6	16.7	17.9	19.2
				Chad	15.1	5.5	6.0	15.0	22.8	26.4	16.4	24.8	29.4	28.6
				Congo, Rep. of	39.7	30.0	38.6	44.3	39.1	46.6	29.2	42.5	51.5	53.8
				Equatorial Guinea	36.1	29.8	34.7	40.8	38.3	37.0	41.0	29.9	28.2	26.2
				Gabon	30.9	30.1	31.3	31.7	29.5	31.9	32.6	30.6	28.9	30.1
				Nigeria	33.7	35.4	37.9	33.9	28.4	32.8	19.9	25.5	29.5	29.1
Middle-income countries					28.4	25.9	27.6	28.5	29.9	29.8	28.2	28.0	28.5	28.7
	Excluding South Africa				32.3	30.5	33.0	34.1	32.7	31.1	31.6	28.2	28.4	28.9
				Botswana	38.0	37.3	42.2	41.0	36.9	32.5	35.1	31.2	32.9	33.4
				Cape Verde	25.6	22.8	24.3	25.6	27.3	28.0	23.6	21.9	23.4	23.5
				Lesotho	56.2	48.8	50.2	60.9	59.7	61.1	58.8	48.7	42.5	46.4
				Mauritius	19.4	18.9	19.4	18.9	19.4	20.5	21.1	21.2	20.6	20.0
				Namibia	28.9	25.6	27.3	29.4	31.7	30.6	29.5	25.9	26.2	26.8
				Seychelles	37.0	40.5	39.1	40.1	32.2	32.9	35.4	35.8	36.7	35.9
				South Africa	27.8	25.3	26.8	27.7	29.6	29.7	27.8	28.0	28.5	28.7
				Swaziland	36.2	30.4	32.3	40.0	39.3	39.2	36.8	27.3	25.6	26.8
Low-income countries					15.5	15.0	15.1	15.4	15.9	16.0	15.9	16.9	17.1	17.6
		Excluding fragile countries			15.4	15.1	15.1	15.3	15.7	15.7	15.7	16.7	17.1	17.4
				Benin	18.1	16.7	16.8	16.8	20.6	19.4	18.4	18.4	18.6	19.0
				Burkina Faso	13.0	13.5	12.7	12.4	13.5	13.1	13.5	15.9	16.5	16.0
				Ethiopia	14.0	16.1	14.6	14.8	12.7	12.0	12.0	14.0	13.6	13.7
				Ghana	13.6	13.8	13.6	13.7	13.8	13.3	13.4	15.0	16.9	18.1
				Kenya	21.6	21.4	21.2	21.1	22.0	22.1	22.8	24.2	25.2	25.1
				Madagascar	11.8	12.0	10.9	11.2	11.7	13.3	11.1	11.1	9.8	9.6
				Malawi	18.8	16.8	19.2	17.7	19.4	20.9	22.6	26.6	25.4	25.8
				Mali	17.7	18.0	18.4	18.2	17.5	16.2	18.0	18.0	16.9	17.8
				Mozambique	14.8	13.1	14.1	15.0	15.9	15.9	17.4	19.4	19.9	20.3
				Niger	13.7	11.4	10.6	13.0	15.0	18.4	14.6	13.6	14.6	15.8
				Rwanda	12.8	12.2	12.5	12.1	12.3	14.9	12.8	13.1	13.4	13.6
				Senegal	19.5	18.3	19.2	19.7	21.1	19.4	18.6	19.6	20.1	20.3
				Tanzania	13.1	11.1	11.8	12.5	14.1	15.9	16.2	15.8	16.1	16.3
				Uganda	12.2	10.9	12.1	12.5	12.6	12.8	12.5	12.4	13.1	13.4
				Zambia	18.0	18.2	17.6	17.2	18.4	18.6	16.0	17.8	19.3	19.1
		Fragile countries			16.0	14.7	15.4	16.1	16.7	17.3	17.0	17.9	16.8	18.2
			Including Zimbabwe		15.7	…	15.4	15.7	15.9	16.6	17.0	18.5	17.4	18.8
				Burundi	19.2	20.1	20.0	18.9	18.6	18.5	18.6	19.2	19.3	19.6
				Central African Republic	9.4	8.3	8.2	9.5	10.3	10.4	10.8	11.0	11.5	11.9
				Comoros	14.5	16.3	16.2	14.1	12.9	13.2	14.1	14.4	14.2	14.5
				Congo, Dem. Rep. of	13.4	9.5	11.4	12.8	14.7	18.5	16.8	18.9	20.6	20.3
				Côte d’Ivoire	18.2	17.5	17.0	18.4	19.2	18.9	18.9	19.8	…	…
				Eritrea	22.3	23.2	25.9	23.0	21.2	18.2	13.3	13.3	14.3	16.1
				Gambia, The	15.4	14.5	14.3	16.1	16.7	15.2	14.9	13.6	13.7	14.5
				Guinea	14.1	11.5	14.5	14.4	14.3	15.6	16.5	15.6	16.6	17.7
				Guinea-Bissau	9.0	8.6	9.2	10.2	8.0	9.2	9.0	10.8	11.1	11.2
				Liberia	19.1	14.6	14.2	18.9	23.6	24.1	26.7	33.5	27.3	26.2
				São Tomé & Príncipe	32.2	16.9	64.8	20.9	40.6	18.0	17.2	17.4	29.7	17.3
				Sierra Leone	12.0	12.6	12.6	12.2	11.3	11.5	11.8	13.3	13.6	15.3
				Togo	16.4	16.8	15.7	17.0	16.8	15.6	16.9	16.9	18.7	18.4
				Zimbabwe¹	8.2	…	16.4	9.6	3.8	3.0	16.0	29.4	29.5	29.1
Sub-Saharan Africa					26.2	24.7	26.2	26.6	26.1	27.5	22.6	24.7	26.0	26.1
			Median		18.1	16.8	17.6	18.2	19.2	18.6	17.6	18.9	19.6	19.4
	Including Zimbabwe				26.2	…	26.2	26.5	26.0	27.4	22.6	24.8	26.0	26.1
	Excluding Nigeria and South Africa				22.0	19.7	21.0	22.7	22.7	23.8	20.6	22.5	23.0	23.5
Oil-importing countries					22.4	20.9	21.9	22.4	23.3	23.3	22.3	22.6	22.9	23.1
	Excluding South Africa				17.5	17.0	17.4	17.6	17.8	17.7	17.7	18.3	18.4	18.9
CFA franc zone					21.2	18.4	19.8	21.9	22.5	23.3	21.5	22.0	22.3	23.1
	WAEMU				17.0	16.4	16.3	16.9	18.0	17.5	17.3	18.0	16.9	18.1
	CEMAC				25.4	20.3	23.3	27.1	27.0	29.1	25.8	26.0	27.8	28.3
EAC-5					16.2	15.3	15.7	15.9	16.8	17.5	17.5	17.9	18.5	18.6
SADC					28.0	25.0	26.8	28.4	29.4	30.4	26.6	28.2	28.7	28.9
SACU					28.6	26.1	27.8	28.7	30.2	30.1	28.4	28.2	28.7	29.0
COMESA					16.6	16.6	16.7	16.6	16.4	16.7	16.6	17.9	18.0	18.0
Resource-intensive countries					32.6	31.1	33.9	33.8	30.5	34.0	23.5	28.0	30.6	30.7
	Oil				34.0	32.5	35.5	35.2	31.4	35.7	23.3	28.8	31.9	31.7
	Non-oil resource-intensive countries				24.9	23.6	25.4	26.0	25.5	24.0	24.6	23.3	22.2	24.0
Non-resource-intensive countries					22.1	20.7	21.5	22.1	23.2	23.3	22.1	22.6	22.9	23.1
	Coastal Non-resource-intensive countries				24.0	22.1	23.2	23.8	25.3	25.4	24.1	24.4	24.9	25.1
	Landlocked Non-resource-intensive countries				15.1	14.9	15.1	15.4	15.0	15.4	15.2	16.4	16.3	16.5
MDRI					15.5	14.4	15.1	15.7	15.8	16.3	15.4	16.7	17.4	17.9
Fixed exchange rate regimes					22.3	19.4	20.8	23.1	23.7	24.4	22.6	22.5	22.7	23.5
Floating exchange rate					27.0	25.8	27.4	27.3	26.5	28.1	22.6	25.2	26.6	26.6

Sources: IMF, African Department database, April 1, 2011; and IMF, World Economic Outlook (WEO) database, April 1, 2011.

Table SA11.

Government Revenue, Excluding Grants

(Percent of GDP)

					2004-08	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012
Oil-exporting countries					34.0	32.5	35.5	35.2	31.4	35.7	23.3	28.8	31.9	31.7
	Excluding Nigeria				34.4	27.6	31.6	37.2	35.8	39.8	28.4	34.0	35.6	36.1
				Angola	46.1	39.5	43.9	50.2	45.8	50.9	30.8	42.2	43.5	43.7
				Cameroon	18.2	15.2	17.6	19.3	19.1	20.0	17.6	16.7	17.9	19.2
				Chad	15.1	5.5	6.0	15.0	22.8	26.4	16.4	24.8	29.4	28.6
				Congo, Rep. of	39.7	30.0	38.6	44.3	39.1	46.6	29.2	42.5	51.5	53.8
				Equatorial Guinea	36.1	29.8	34.7	40.8	38.3	37.0	41.0	29.9	28.2	26.2
				Gabon	30.9	30.1	31.3	31.7	29.5	31.9	32.6	30.6	28.9	30.1
				Nigeria	33.7	35.4	37.9	33.9	28.4	32.8	19.9	25.5	29.5	29.1
Middle-income countries					28.4	25.9	27.6	28.5	29.9	29.8	28.2	28.0	28.5	28.7
	Excluding South Africa				32.3	30.5	33.0	34.1	32.7	31.1	31.6	28.2	28.4	28.9
				Botswana	38.0	37.3	42.2	41.0	36.9	32.5	35.1	31.2	32.9	33.4
				Cape Verde	25.6	22.8	24.3	25.6	27.3	28.0	23.6	21.9	23.4	23.5
				Lesotho	56.2	48.8	50.2	60.9	59.7	61.1	58.8	48.7	42.5	46.4
				Mauritius	19.4	18.9	19.4	18.9	19.4	20.5	21.1	21.2	20.6	20.0
				Namibia	28.9	25.6	27.3	29.4	31.7	30.6	29.5	25.9	26.2	26.8
				Seychelles	37.0	40.5	39.1	40.1	32.2	32.9	35.4	35.8	36.7	35.9
				South Africa	27.8	25.3	26.8	27.7	29.6	29.7	27.8	28.0	28.5	28.7
				Swaziland	36.2	30.4	32.3	40.0	39.3	39.2	36.8	27.3	25.6	26.8
Low-income countries					15.5	15.0	15.1	15.4	15.9	16.0	15.9	16.9	17.1	17.6
		Excluding fragile countries			15.4	15.1	15.1	15.3	15.7	15.7	15.7	16.7	17.1	17.4
				Benin	18.1	16.7	16.8	16.8	20.6	19.4	18.4	18.4	18.6	19.0
				Burkina Faso	13.0	13.5	12.7	12.4	13.5	13.1	13.5	15.9	16.5	16.0
				Ethiopia	14.0	16.1	14.6	14.8	12.7	12.0	12.0	14.0	13.6	13.7
				Ghana	13.6	13.8	13.6	13.7	13.8	13.3	13.4	15.0	16.9	18.1
				Kenya	21.6	21.4	21.2	21.1	22.0	22.1	22.8	24.2	25.2	25.1
				Madagascar	11.8	12.0	10.9	11.2	11.7	13.3	11.1	11.1	9.8	9.6
				Malawi	18.8	16.8	19.2	17.7	19.4	20.9	22.6	26.6	25.4	25.8
				Mali	17.7	18.0	18.4	18.2	17.5	16.2	18.0	18.0	16.9	17.8
				Mozambique	14.8	13.1	14.1	15.0	15.9	15.9	17.4	19.4	19.9	20.3
				Niger	13.7	11.4	10.6	13.0	15.0	18.4	14.6	13.6	14.6	15.8
				Rwanda	12.8	12.2	12.5	12.1	12.3	14.9	12.8	13.1	13.4	13.6
				Senegal	19.5	18.3	19.2	19.7	21.1	19.4	18.6	19.6	20.1	20.3
				Tanzania	13.1	11.1	11.8	12.5	14.1	15.9	16.2	15.8	16.1	16.3
				Uganda	12.2	10.9	12.1	12.5	12.6	12.8	12.5	12.4	13.1	13.4
				Zambia	18.0	18.2	17.6	17.2	18.4	18.6	16.0	17.8	19.3	19.1
		Fragile countries			16.0	14.7	15.4	16.1	16.7	17.3	17.0	17.9	16.8	18.2
			Including Zimbabwe		15.7	…	15.4	15.7	15.9	16.6	17.0	18.5	17.4	18.8
				Burundi	19.2	20.1	20.0	18.9	18.6	18.5	18.6	19.2	19.3	19.6
				Central African Republic	9.4	8.3	8.2	9.5	10.3	10.4	10.8	11.0	11.5	11.9
				Comoros	14.5	16.3	16.2	14.1	12.9	13.2	14.1	14.4	14.2	14.5
				Congo, Dem. Rep. of	13.4	9.5	11.4	12.8	14.7	18.5	16.8	18.9	20.6	20.3
				Côte d’Ivoire	18.2	17.5	17.0	18.4	19.2	18.9	18.9	19.8	…	…
				Eritrea	22.3	23.2	25.9	23.0	21.2	18.2	13.3	13.3	14.3	16.1
				Gambia, The	15.4	14.5	14.3	16.1	16.7	15.2	14.9	13.6	13.7	14.5
				Guinea	14.1	11.5	14.5	14.4	14.3	15.6	16.5	15.6	16.6	17.7
				Guinea-Bissau	9.0	8.6	9.2	10.2	8.0	9.2	9.0	10.8	11.1	11.2
				Liberia	19.1	14.6	14.2	18.9	23.6	24.1	26.7	33.5	27.3	26.2
				São Tomé & Príncipe	32.2	16.9	64.8	20.9	40.6	18.0	17.2	17.4	29.7	17.3
				Sierra Leone	12.0	12.6	12.6	12.2	11.3	11.5	11.8	13.3	13.6	15.3
				Togo	16.4	16.8	15.7	17.0	16.8	15.6	16.9	16.9	18.7	18.4
				Zimbabwe¹	8.2	…	16.4	9.6	3.8	3.0	16.0	29.4	29.5	29.1
Sub-Saharan Africa					26.2	24.7	26.2	26.6	26.1	27.5	22.6	24.7	26.0	26.1
			Median		18.1	16.8	17.6	18.2	19.2	18.6	17.6	18.9	19.6	19.4
	Including Zimbabwe				26.2	…	26.2	26.5	26.0	27.4	22.6	24.8	26.0	26.1
	Excluding Nigeria and South Africa				22.0	19.7	21.0	22.7	22.7	23.8	20.6	22.5	23.0	23.5
Oil-importing countries					22.4	20.9	21.9	22.4	23.3	23.3	22.3	22.6	22.9	23.1
	Excluding South Africa				17.5	17.0	17.4	17.6	17.8	17.7	17.7	18.3	18.4	18.9
CFA franc zone					21.2	18.4	19.8	21.9	22.5	23.3	21.5	22.0	22.3	23.1
	WAEMU				17.0	16.4	16.3	16.9	18.0	17.5	17.3	18.0	16.9	18.1
	CEMAC				25.4	20.3	23.3	27.1	27.0	29.1	25.8	26.0	27.8	28.3
EAC-5					16.2	15.3	15.7	15.9	16.8	17.5	17.5	17.9	18.5	18.6
SADC					28.0	25.0	26.8	28.4	29.4	30.4	26.6	28.2	28.7	28.9
SACU					28.6	26.1	27.8	28.7	30.2	30.1	28.4	28.2	28.7	29.0
COMESA					16.6	16.6	16.7	16.6	16.4	16.7	16.6	17.9	18.0	18.0
Resource-intensive countries					32.6	31.1	33.9	33.8	30.5	34.0	23.5	28.0	30.6	30.7
	Oil				34.0	32.5	35.5	35.2	31.4	35.7	23.3	28.8	31.9	31.7
	Non-oil resource-intensive countries				24.9	23.6	25.4	26.0	25.5	24.0	24.6	23.3	22.2	24.0
Non-resource-intensive countries					22.1	20.7	21.5	22.1	23.2	23.3	22.1	22.6	22.9	23.1
	Coastal Non-resource-intensive countries				24.0	22.1	23.2	23.8	25.3	25.4	24.1	24.4	24.9	25.1
	Landlocked Non-resource-intensive countries				15.1	14.9	15.1	15.4	15.0	15.4	15.2	16.4	16.3	16.5
MDRI					15.5	14.4	15.1	15.7	15.8	16.3	15.4	16.7	17.4	17.9
Fixed exchange rate regimes					22.3	19.4	20.8	23.1	23.7	24.4	22.6	22.5	22.7	23.5
Floating exchange rate					27.0	25.8	27.4	27.3	26.5	28.1	22.6	25.2	26.6	26.6

Sources: IMF, African Department database, April 1, 2011; and IMF, World Economic Outlook (WEO) database, April 1, 2011.

Table SA12.

Government Expenditure

(Percent of GDP)

Sources: IMF, African Department database, April 1, 2011; and IMF, World Economic Outlook (WEO) database, April 1, 2011.

Table SA12.

Government Expenditure

(Percent of GDP)

					2004-08	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012
Oil-exporting countries					26.9	26.7	26.8	23.8	27.8	29.3	31.6	31.4	27.9	26.8
	Excluding Nigeria				26.3	25.8	23.8	24.7	26.5	30.9	33.5	29.5	27.0	28.1
				Angola	36.8	38.5	34.7	34.1	34.5	42.0	39.5	34.3	31.3	33.0
				Cameroon	15.9	16.0	14.6	14.5	15.7	18.5	18.4	18.3	19.4	19.6
				Chad	16.1	13.1	11.7	11.4	21.1	23.4	30.1	33.5	25.1	27.9
				Congo, Rep. of	26.5	26.7	24.2	28.0	30.0	23.8	24.7	21.1	19.7	21.4
				Equatorial Guinea	17.9	17.5	14.1	17.3	19.0	21.6	49.0	34.6	31.3	29.7
				Gabon	21.8	22.6	22.7	22.5	20.8	20.2	25.1	24.7	22.4	22.5
				Nigeria	27.2	27.2	28.7	23.2	28.7	28.2	30.4	32.6	28.5	26.0
Middle-income countries					28.2	27.3	27.4	27.3	28.3	30.6	33.8	34.2	34.2	33.6
	Excluding South Africa				31.6	32.8	31.5	29.8	30.4	33.6	39.1	37.2	34.6	32.9
				Botswana	34.3	36.9	33.6	30.0	32.7	38.4	47.5	42.5	37.3	35.1
				Cape Verde	35.8	35.9	37.6	37.2	33.6	34.9	35.3	38.9	40.4	36.7
				Lesotho	50.5	46.6	48.4	49.3	49.6	58.3	65.6	65.1	66.6	66.5
				Mauritius	23.7	23.8	24.4	23.5	22.8	23.8	26.2	25.1	25.7	25.1
				Namibia	28.1	29.4	28.4	27.4	27.4	28.1	31.4	33.4	30.8	29.1
				Seychelles	40.0	41.4	38.5	47.3	42.1	30.8	36.7	37.1	38.8	34.7
				South Africa	27.7	26.5	26.8	26.9	28.1	30.2	33.0	33.8	34.1	33.7
				Swaziland	35.2	35.5	35.9	33.4	32.3	38.7	43.9	40.0	35.6	33.2
Low-income countries					22.7	22.0	22.4	22.8	23.1	23.2	23.8	25.1	25.4	24.9
		Excluding fragile countries			22.9	22.2	22.5	23.0	23.5	23.2	23.5	24.7	25.5	24.8
				Benin	21.1	20.4	21.2	19.3	23.3	21.2	24.8	20.2	22.6	22.4
				Burkina Faso	23.2	22.8	22.7	23.6	25.6	21.2	24.0	26.3	26.4	24.6
				Ethiopia	21.6	23.4	23.1	22.2	20.7	18.9	17.2	18.6	20.3	19.9
				Ghana	22.0	20.8	19.7	21.8	23.1	24.5	22.2	25.1	23.7	22.3
				Kenya	25.1	22.7	24.3	24.7	26.2	27.6	29.0	31.4	31.8	30.9
				Madagascar	21.1	25.3	21.4	21.5	18.7	18.6	15.0	12.9	12.2	16.1
				Malawi	34.3	31.7	32.4	32.0	37.3	38.0	37.0	38.1	33.1	35.5
				Mali	23.8	23.8	24.6	24.9	24.5	21.2	25.8	23.5	24.5	24.2
				Mozambique	26.1	24.8	22.9	27.0	28.1	27.8	32.2	31.9	35.7	35.5
				Niger	21.3	20.7	20.2	19.8	23.1	22.8	24.4	23.3	21.6	22.1
				Rwanda	22.9	21.3	23.4	21.7	23.1	24.8	25.9	25.3	26.1	25.7
				Senegal	25.4	22.7	23.6	26.6	27.5	26.5	26.6	27.1	28.1	27.9
				Tanzania	21.9	19.3	21.7	22.8	23.0	22.8	26.1	27.4	29.0	28.6
				Uganda	19.1	19.8	20.2	18.7	18.4	18.6	17.5	19.9	22.8	18.9
				Zambia	24.9	26.6	26.1	23.5	24.3	23.9	21.4	22.7	24.0	27.1
		Fragile countries			21.9	21.2	22.0	21.8	21.4	23.3	24.8	26.9	24.8	25.7
			Including Zimbabwe		21.5	…	22.2	21.2	20.6	22.4	24.6	27.1	25.2	25.9
				Burundi	45.1	39.8	36.8	38.1	53.9	56.7	50.7	51.0	44.1	40.8
				Central African Republic	14.8	13.8	16.9	13.9	13.2	16.2	16.1	17.1	15.7	16.3
				Comoros	21.3	19.5	19.3	20.6	21.7	25.3	22.4	23.3	23.2	22.7
				Congo, Dem. Rep. of	20.2	15.8	20.5	20.1	20.4	24.4	28.5	30.6	36.4	34.5
				Côte d’Ivoire	20.5	20.1	19.9	20.8	20.5	21.1	21.1	22.2	…	…
				Eritrea	47.1	54.8	57.5	41.2	39.9	42.1	30.6	34.7	33.7	30.8
				Gambia, The	20.0	21.7	21.3	22.2	17.2	17.6	21.2	22.2	18.0	18.4
				Guinea	17.2	17.9	16.9	19.0	14.8	17.5	24.1	30.2	21.4	19.6
				Guinea-Bissau	22.4	25.3	22.1	21.3	22.1	21.1	21.9	20.6	21.6	23.0
				Liberia	20.0	14.8	14.2	13.0	20.0	37.7	41.9	42.5	34.0	31.8
				São Tomé & Príncipe	44.3	52.7	44.0	50.7	40.4	33.6	51.6	41.0	50.7	38.7
				Sierra Leone	22.1	24.8	24.5	22.7	17.6	20.7	22.9	27.3	25.1	24.4
				Togo	19.1	16.6	19.3	21.2	20.4	17.9	21.3	22.1	24.6	25.1
				Zimbabwe¹	12.8	…	25.0	12.8	7.7	5.8	19.6	31.7	31.1	29.3
Sub-Saharan Africa					26.1	25.5	25.6	24.8	26.6	27.8	29.8	30.3	29.2	28.4
			Median		23.3	23.4	23.1	22.8	23.1	23.9	26.1	27.3	26.3	26.6
	Including Zimbabwe				26.0	…	25.6	24.7	26.5	27.8	29.8	30.3	29.2	28.4
	Excluding Nigeria and South Africa				24.4	24.0	23.6	23.8	24.6	26.1	27.6	27.3	26.6	26.5
Oil-importing countries					25.6	24.9	25.1	25.1	25.8	27.0	28.9	29.8	29.8	29.3
	Excluding South Africa				23.7	23.4	23.5	23.5	23.9	24.3	25.5	26.5	26.4	25.9
CFA franc zone					20.4	19.8	19.3	20.1	21.6	21.4	25.8	24.3	22.8	23.5
	WAEMU				22.3	21.4	21.7	22.6	23.6	22.1	23.8	23.7	22.8	23.8
	CEMAC				18.6	18.3	16.8	17.6	19.6	20.6	27.8	24.8	22.8	23.2
EAC-5					23.0	21.3	22.8	22.9	23.8	24.4	25.6	27.4	28.7	27.2
SADC					28.3	27.4	27.3	27.3	28.3	31.0	33.3	33.1	32.9	32.8
SACU					28.2	27.3	27.4	27.3	28.4	30.7	34.0	34.4	34.4	33.8
COMESA					23.7	23.8	24.4	23.3	23.2	23.6	23.6	25.0	26.0	25.1
Resource-intensive countries					26.7	26.6	26.5	23.9	27.3	29.0	31.5	31.4	27.7	26.8
	Oil				26.9	26.7	26.8	23.8	27.8	29.3	31.6	31.4	27.9	26.8
	Non-oil resource-intensive countries				25.4	26.3	25.0	24.4	24.4	26.9	30.7	31.1	26.1	26.7
Non-resource-intensive countries					25.5	24.6	25.0	25.2	25.9	27.0	28.7	29.6	30.1	29.5
	Coastal Non-resource-intensive countries				26.2	25.0	25.3	25.8	26.7	28.2	30.3	31.2	31.5	31.1
	Landlocked Non-resource-intensive countries				23.0	23.0	23.8	22.7	22.8	22.5	23.1	24.3	25.5	24.2
MDRI					22.0	21.4	21.5	22.0	22.5	22.3	22.8	23.5	24.5	23.9
Fixed exchange rate regimes					21.9	21.5	21.0	21.4	22.7	22.9	27.0	25.8	24.2	24.6
Floating exchange rate					26.9	26.3	26.6	25.4	27.3	28.8	30.4	31.2	30.1	29.1

Sources: IMF, African Department database, April 1, 2011; and IMF, World Economic Outlook (WEO) database, April 1, 2011.

Table SA12.

Government Expenditure

(Percent of GDP)

					2004-08	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012
Oil-exporting countries					26.9	26.7	26.8	23.8	27.8	29.3	31.6	31.4	27.9	26.8
	Excluding Nigeria				26.3	25.8	23.8	24.7	26.5	30.9	33.5	29.5	27.0	28.1
				Angola	36.8	38.5	34.7	34.1	34.5	42.0	39.5	34.3	31.3	33.0
				Cameroon	15.9	16.0	14.6	14.5	15.7	18.5	18.4	18.3	19.4	19.6
				Chad	16.1	13.1	11.7	11.4	21.1	23.4	30.1	33.5	25.1	27.9
				Congo, Rep. of	26.5	26.7	24.2	28.0	30.0	23.8	24.7	21.1	19.7	21.4
				Equatorial Guinea	17.9	17.5	14.1	17.3	19.0	21.6	49.0	34.6	31.3	29.7
				Gabon	21.8	22.6	22.7	22.5	20.8	20.2	25.1	24.7	22.4	22.5
				Nigeria	27.2	27.2	28.7	23.2	28.7	28.2	30.4	32.6	28.5	26.0
Middle-income countries					28.2	27.3	27.4	27.3	28.3	30.6	33.8	34.2	34.2	33.6
	Excluding South Africa				31.6	32.8	31.5	29.8	30.4	33.6	39.1	37.2	34.6	32.9
				Botswana	34.3	36.9	33.6	30.0	32.7	38.4	47.5	42.5	37.3	35.1
				Cape Verde	35.8	35.9	37.6	37.2	33.6	34.9	35.3	38.9	40.4	36.7
				Lesotho	50.5	46.6	48.4	49.3	49.6	58.3	65.6	65.1	66.6	66.5
				Mauritius	23.7	23.8	24.4	23.5	22.8	23.8	26.2	25.1	25.7	25.1
				Namibia	28.1	29.4	28.4	27.4	27.4	28.1	31.4	33.4	30.8	29.1
				Seychelles	40.0	41.4	38.5	47.3	42.1	30.8	36.7	37.1	38.8	34.7
				South Africa	27.7	26.5	26.8	26.9	28.1	30.2	33.0	33.8	34.1	33.7
				Swaziland	35.2	35.5	35.9	33.4	32.3	38.7	43.9	40.0	35.6	33.2
Low-income countries					22.7	22.0	22.4	22.8	23.1	23.2	23.8	25.1	25.4	24.9
		Excluding fragile countries			22.9	22.2	22.5	23.0	23.5	23.2	23.5	24.7	25.5	24.8
				Benin	21.1	20.4	21.2	19.3	23.3	21.2	24.8	20.2	22.6	22.4
				Burkina Faso	23.2	22.8	22.7	23.6	25.6	21.2	24.0	26.3	26.4	24.6
				Ethiopia	21.6	23.4	23.1	22.2	20.7	18.9	17.2	18.6	20.3	19.9
				Ghana	22.0	20.8	19.7	21.8	23.1	24.5	22.2	25.1	23.7	22.3
				Kenya	25.1	22.7	24.3	24.7	26.2	27.6	29.0	31.4	31.8	30.9
				Madagascar	21.1	25.3	21.4	21.5	18.7	18.6	15.0	12.9	12.2	16.1
				Malawi	34.3	31.7	32.4	32.0	37.3	38.0	37.0	38.1	33.1	35.5
				Mali	23.8	23.8	24.6	24.9	24.5	21.2	25.8	23.5	24.5	24.2
				Mozambique	26.1	24.8	22.9	27.0	28.1	27.8	32.2	31.9	35.7	35.5
				Niger	21.3	20.7	20.2	19.8	23.1	22.8	24.4	23.3	21.6	22.1
				Rwanda	22.9	21.3	23.4	21.7	23.1	24.8	25.9	25.3	26.1	25.7
				Senegal	25.4	22.7	23.6	26.6	27.5	26.5	26.6	27.1	28.1	27.9
				Tanzania	21.9	19.3	21.7	22.8	23.0	22.8	26.1	27.4	29.0	28.6
				Uganda	19.1	19.8	20.2	18.7	18.4	18.6	17.5	19.9	22.8	18.9
				Zambia	24.9	26.6	26.1	23.5	24.3	23.9	21.4	22.7	24.0	27.1
		Fragile countries			21.9	21.2	22.0	21.8	21.4	23.3	24.8	26.9	24.8	25.7
			Including Zimbabwe		21.5	…	22.2	21.2	20.6	22.4	24.6	27.1	25.2	25.9
				Burundi	45.1	39.8	36.8	38.1	53.9	56.7	50.7	51.0	44.1	40.8
				Central African Republic	14.8	13.8	16.9	13.9	13.2	16.2	16.1	17.1	15.7	16.3
				Comoros	21.3	19.5	19.3	20.6	21.7	25.3	22.4	23.3	23.2	22.7
				Congo, Dem. Rep. of	20.2	15.8	20.5	20.1	20.4	24.4	28.5	30.6	36.4	34.5
				Côte d’Ivoire	20.5	20.1	19.9	20.8	20.5	21.1	21.1	22.2	…	…
				Eritrea	47.1	54.8	57.5	41.2	39.9	42.1	30.6	34.7	33.7	30.8
				Gambia, The	20.0	21.7	21.3	22.2	17.2	17.6	21.2	22.2	18.0	18.4
				Guinea	17.2	17.9	16.9	19.0	14.8	17.5	24.1	30.2	21.4	19.6
				Guinea-Bissau	22.4	25.3	22.1	21.3	22.1	21.1	21.9	20.6	21.6	23.0
				Liberia	20.0	14.8	14.2	13.0	20.0	37.7	41.9	42.5	34.0	31.8
				São Tomé & Príncipe	44.3	52.7	44.0	50.7	40.4	33.6	51.6	41.0	50.7	38.7
				Sierra Leone	22.1	24.8	24.5	22.7	17.6	20.7	22.9	27.3	25.1	24.4
				Togo	19.1	16.6	19.3	21.2	20.4	17.9	21.3	22.1	24.6	25.1
				Zimbabwe¹	12.8	…	25.0	12.8	7.7	5.8	19.6	31.7	31.1	29.3
Sub-Saharan Africa					26.1	25.5	25.6	24.8	26.6	27.8	29.8	30.3	29.2	28.4
			Median		23.3	23.4	23.1	22.8	23.1	23.9	26.1	27.3	26.3	26.6
	Including Zimbabwe				26.0	…	25.6	24.7	26.5	27.8	29.8	30.3	29.2	28.4
	Excluding Nigeria and South Africa				24.4	24.0	23.6	23.8	24.6	26.1	27.6	27.3	26.6	26.5
Oil-importing countries					25.6	24.9	25.1	25.1	25.8	27.0	28.9	29.8	29.8	29.3
	Excluding South Africa				23.7	23.4	23.5	23.5	23.9	24.3	25.5	26.5	26.4	25.9
CFA franc zone					20.4	19.8	19.3	20.1	21.6	21.4	25.8	24.3	22.8	23.5
	WAEMU				22.3	21.4	21.7	22.6	23.6	22.1	23.8	23.7	22.8	23.8
	CEMAC				18.6	18.3	16.8	17.6	19.6	20.6	27.8	24.8	22.8	23.2
EAC-5					23.0	21.3	22.8	22.9	23.8	24.4	25.6	27.4	28.7	27.2
SADC					28.3	27.4	27.3	27.3	28.3	31.0	33.3	33.1	32.9	32.8
SACU					28.2	27.3	27.4	27.3	28.4	30.7	34.0	34.4	34.4	33.8
COMESA					23.7	23.8	24.4	23.3	23.2	23.6	23.6	25.0	26.0	25.1
Resource-intensive countries					26.7	26.6	26.5	23.9	27.3	29.0	31.5	31.4	27.7	26.8
	Oil				26.9	26.7	26.8	23.8	27.8	29.3	31.6	31.4	27.9	26.8
	Non-oil resource-intensive countries				25.4	26.3	25.0	24.4	24.4	26.9	30.7	31.1	26.1	26.7
Non-resource-intensive countries					25.5	24.6	25.0	25.2	25.9	27.0	28.7	29.6	30.1	29.5
	Coastal Non-resource-intensive countries				26.2	25.0	25.3	25.8	26.7	28.2	30.3	31.2	31.5	31.1
	Landlocked Non-resource-intensive countries				23.0	23.0	23.8	22.7	22.8	22.5	23.1	24.3	25.5	24.2
MDRI					22.0	21.4	21.5	22.0	22.5	22.3	22.8	23.5	24.5	23.9
Fixed exchange rate regimes					21.9	21.5	21.0	21.4	22.7	22.9	27.0	25.8	24.2	24.6
Floating exchange rate					26.9	26.3	26.6	25.4	27.3	28.8	30.4	31.2	30.1	29.1

Sources: IMF, African Department database, April 1, 2011; and IMF, World Economic Outlook (WEO) database, April 1, 2011.

Table SA13.

Government Debt

(Percent of GDP)

Sources: IMF, African Department database, April 1, 2011; and IMF, World Economic Outlook (WEO) database, April 1, 2011.

Table SA13.

Government Debt

(Percent of GDP)

					2004-08	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010
Oil-exporting countries					28.8	56.1	35.2	18.3	18.1	16.5	20.0	19.3
	Excluding Nigeria				37.0	61.8	45.6	28.3	25.8	23.6	27.4	23.9
				Angola	33.9	52.7	40.7	24.0	22.7	29.5	34.8	31.4
				Cameroon	30.1	61.4	51.8	15.7	11.9	9.5	9.6	12.9
				Chad	29.4	34.2	33.6	29.6	26.0	23.6	30.9	36.1
				Congo, Rep. of	112.9	198.7	108.3	98.8	98.5	60.3	57.4	17.4
				Equatorial Guinea	2.5	6.2	3.0	1.6	1.1	0.7	5.1	7.5
				Gabon	45.0	65.2	53.8	42.1	43.2	20.9	26.4	21.3
				Nigeria	23.5	52.7	28.6	11.8	12.8	11.6	15.2	16.4
Middle-income countries					31.4	35.4	34.2	32.2	28.0	27.0	31.1	35.3
	Excluding South Africa				28.6	31.7	31.0	29.1	26.0	25.4	28.2	28.5
				Botswana	7.3	9.9	7.4	5.6	7.5	6.2	13.9	13.7
				Cape Verde	83.5	92.6	95.7	86.8	73.9	68.2	69.2	80.3
				Lesotho	60.4	60.0	66.2	76.0	46.5	53.4	39.6	37.8
				Mauritius	49.5	51.6	53.6	51.1	47.3	44.0	47.8	50.5
				Namibia	23.5	28.1	27.2	24.7	19.9	17.6	15.8	19.0
				Seychelles	136.0	161.8	148.1	133.1	101.4	135.4	128.6	83.0
				South Africa	31.7	35.9	34.6	32.6	28.3	27.3	31.5	36.3
				Swaziland	17.8	19.5	17.1	17.3	18.1	16.9	13.6	18.9
Low-income countries					62.8	83.5	76.3	60.1	47.8	46.3	44.9	41.2
		Excluding fragile countries			50.5	71.8	65.2	47.4	34.7	33.5	35.0	37.4
				Benin	28.0	35.1	42.9	14.6	20.9	26.7	28.1	30.6
				Burkina Faso	31.5	45.8	44.1	21.7	21.9	24.0	25.8	27.7
				Ethiopia	64.5	105.7	79.0	66.8	38.2	33.0	32.2	36.7
				Ghana	39.7	58.2	48.6	26.2	31.5	34.3	39.2	41.2
				Kenya	49.0	55.0	50.8	46.8	46.1	46.2	49.4	50.5
				Madagascar	56.1	91.7	82.6	41.4	34.6	30.4	33.7	35.0
				Malawi	73.9	131.5	132.9	29.8	32.5	42.6	45.2	40.3
				Mali	32.5	46.2	52.9	20.3	21.7	21.6	24.2	28.3
				Mozambique	56.3	70.7	81.0	53.6	41.9	34.4	28.6	32.0
				Niger	31.2	58.8	51.6	15.8	15.9	13.9	15.8	17.6
				Rwanda	47.2	90.8	70.7	26.6	26.9	21.2	20.2	23.9
				Senegal	33.1	47.5	45.7	23.0	24.5	25.0	32.0	38.0
				Tanzania	56.8	66.7	66.6	68.1	42.4	40.1	40.9	43.8
				Uganda	67.5	98.0	93.5	89.2	28.9	28.0	26.3	25.4
				Zambia	63.8	148.6	87.9	29.8	25.8	26.9	28.6	26.9
		Fragile countries			115.2	130.5	121.7	114.4	105.4	104.1	90.1	59.3
			Including Zimbabwe		113.0	…	117.0	110.9	103.1	103.4	90.4	59.1
				Burundi	190.7	249.4	192.2	180.3	177.8	153.7	48.2	47.5
				Central African Republic	92.8	102.9	107.7	93.9	79.1	80.3	33.0	32.8
				Comoros	69.4	78.1	74.1	73.8	61.6	59.4	55.5	51.9
				Congo, Dem. Rep. of	149.5	197.5	150.1	134.4	129.1	136.3	138.3	29.5
				Côte d’Ivoire	81.3	84.9	86.3	84.2	75.6	75.3	67.0	67.2
				Eritrea	156.0	140.8	156.2	151.6	156.7	174.9	145.7	144.8
				Gambia, The	97.2	120.9	117.9	127.6	56.3	63.0	57.0	57.4
				Guinea	117.7	119.8	150.2	137.1	92.4	88.9	77.0	88.7
				Guinea-Bissau	202.0	235.4	216.2	213.8	186.9	157.7	164.3	47.7
				Liberia	…	…	…	…	…	482.7	311.1	118.7
				São Tomé & Príncipe	205.4	295.2	275.6	287.8	104.3	64.0	35.0	78.1
				Sierra Leone	125.6	204.7	177.9	136.7	55.2	53.7	60.0	57.3
				Togo	87.8	93.0	76.8	85.3	100.7	83.1	67.8	28.2
				Zimbabwe¹	66.9	…	52.0	59.0	65.7	90.8	96.1	56.3
Sub-Saharan Africa					40.3	57.0	47.6	36.4	30.9	29.5	31.7	31.7
			Median		54.0	74.4	72.4	48.9	40.1	34.4	34.8	36.1
	Including Zimbabwe				40.4	…	47.6	36.5	31.0	29.7	31.9	31.8
	Excluding Nigeria and South Africa				52.9	73.1	64.0	49.0	40.1	38.5	39.1	35.6
Oil-importing countries					45.9	57.4	53.4	45.1	37.3	36.3	38.0	38.3
	Excluding South Africa				58.6	76.9	70.4	56.3	45.4	44.2	43.4	39.9
CFA franc zone					45.8	65.7	56.6	39.0	36.6	31.2	31.6	29.2
	WAEMU				51.3	63.3	62.7	44.7	43.3	42.5	41.9	40.8
	CEMAC				40.3	68.2	50.3	33.2	29.8	19.9	21.1	17.5
EAC-5					58.1	74.3	68.9	64.1	42.5	40.5	39.4	40.7
SADC					38.1	46.7	43.5	37.0	31.6	31.7	35.6	35.3
SACU					30.3	34.3	33.1	31.2	27.1	26.1	30.1	34.6
COMESA					68.2	95.8	81.3	66.2	49.6	48.3	47.3	39.7
Resource-intensive countries					33.1	57.3	40.1	24.7	22.4	20.7	23.4	22.9
	Oil				28.8	56.1	35.2	18.3	18.1	16.5	20.0	19.3
	Non-oil resource-intensive countries				56.9	63.9	66.3	60.6	47.6	46.3	44.7	45.9
Non-resource-intensive countries					44.1	56.4	51.7	43.2	35.1	34.2	36.6	37.1
	Coastal Non-resource-intensive countries				38.3	45.6	43.6	37.8	32.8	31.8	35.4	38.8
	Landlocked Non-resource-intensive countries				67.1	100.8	83.7	64.0	44.1	43.1	40.6	31.6
MDRI					58.0	86.9	74.3	53.1	39.1	36.8	36.7	32.9
Fixed exchange rate regimes					47.0	64.1	55.9	40.0	40.0	34.9	33.6	30.6
Floating exchange rate					38.9	55.5	45.8	35.6	29.1	28.5	31.3	31.9

Sources: IMF, African Department database, April 1, 2011; and IMF, World Economic Outlook (WEO) database, April 1, 2011.

Table SA13.

Government Debt

(Percent of GDP)

					2004-08	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010
Oil-exporting countries					28.8	56.1	35.2	18.3	18.1	16.5	20.0	19.3
	Excluding Nigeria				37.0	61.8	45.6	28.3	25.8	23.6	27.4	23.9
				Angola	33.9	52.7	40.7	24.0	22.7	29.5	34.8	31.4
				Cameroon	30.1	61.4	51.8	15.7	11.9	9.5	9.6	12.9
				Chad	29.4	34.2	33.6	29.6	26.0	23.6	30.9	36.1
				Congo, Rep. of	112.9	198.7	108.3	98.8	98.5	60.3	57.4	17.4
				Equatorial Guinea	2.5	6.2	3.0	1.6	1.1	0.7	5.1	7.5
				Gabon	45.0	65.2	53.8	42.1	43.2	20.9	26.4	21.3
				Nigeria	23.5	52.7	28.6	11.8	12.8	11.6	15.2	16.4
Middle-income countries					31.4	35.4	34.2	32.2	28.0	27.0	31.1	35.3
	Excluding South Africa				28.6	31.7	31.0	29.1	26.0	25.4	28.2	28.5
				Botswana	7.3	9.9	7.4	5.6	7.5	6.2	13.9	13.7
				Cape Verde	83.5	92.6	95.7	86.8	73.9	68.2	69.2	80.3
				Lesotho	60.4	60.0	66.2	76.0	46.5	53.4	39.6	37.8
				Mauritius	49.5	51.6	53.6	51.1	47.3	44.0	47.8	50.5
				Namibia	23.5	28.1	27.2	24.7	19.9	17.6	15.8	19.0
				Seychelles	136.0	161.8	148.1	133.1	101.4	135.4	128.6	83.0
				South Africa	31.7	35.9	34.6	32.6	28.3	27.3	31.5	36.3
				Swaziland	17.8	19.5	17.1	17.3	18.1	16.9	13.6	18.9
Low-income countries					62.8	83.5	76.3	60.1	47.8	46.3	44.9	41.2
		Excluding fragile countries			50.5	71.8	65.2	47.4	34.7	33.5	35.0	37.4
				Benin	28.0	35.1	42.9	14.6	20.9	26.7	28.1	30.6
				Burkina Faso	31.5	45.8	44.1	21.7	21.9	24.0	25.8	27.7
				Ethiopia	64.5	105.7	79.0	66.8	38.2	33.0	32.2	36.7
				Ghana	39.7	58.2	48.6	26.2	31.5	34.3	39.2	41.2
				Kenya	49.0	55.0	50.8	46.8	46.1	46.2	49.4	50.5
				Madagascar	56.1	91.7	82.6	41.4	34.6	30.4	33.7	35.0
				Malawi	73.9	131.5	132.9	29.8	32.5	42.6	45.2	40.3
				Mali	32.5	46.2	52.9	20.3	21.7	21.6	24.2	28.3
				Mozambique	56.3	70.7	81.0	53.6	41.9	34.4	28.6	32.0
				Niger	31.2	58.8	51.6	15.8	15.9	13.9	15.8	17.6
				Rwanda	47.2	90.8	70.7	26.6	26.9	21.2	20.2	23.9
				Senegal	33.1	47.5	45.7	23.0	24.5	25.0	32.0	38.0
				Tanzania	56.8	66.7	66.6	68.1	42.4	40.1	40.9	43.8
				Uganda	67.5	98.0	93.5	89.2	28.9	28.0	26.3	25.4
				Zambia	63.8	148.6	87.9	29.8	25.8	26.9	28.6	26.9
		Fragile countries			115.2	130.5	121.7	114.4	105.4	104.1	90.1	59.3
			Including Zimbabwe		113.0	…	117.0	110.9	103.1	103.4	90.4	59.1
				Burundi	190.7	249.4	192.2	180.3	177.8	153.7	48.2	47.5
				Central African Republic	92.8	102.9	107.7	93.9	79.1	80.3	33.0	32.8
				Comoros	69.4	78.1	74.1	73.8	61.6	59.4	55.5	51.9
				Congo, Dem. Rep. of	149.5	197.5	150.1	134.4	129.1	136.3	138.3	29.5
				Côte d’Ivoire	81.3	84.9	86.3	84.2	75.6	75.3	67.0	67.2
				Eritrea	156.0	140.8	156.2	151.6	156.7	174.9	145.7	144.8
				Gambia, The	97.2	120.9	117.9	127.6	56.3	63.0	57.0	57.4
				Guinea	117.7	119.8	150.2	137.1	92.4	88.9	77.0	88.7
				Guinea-Bissau	202.0	235.4	216.2	213.8	186.9	157.7	164.3	47.7
				Liberia	…	…	…	…	…	482.7	311.1	118.7
				São Tomé & Príncipe	205.4	295.2	275.6	287.8	104.3	64.0	35.0	78.1
				Sierra Leone	125.6	204.7	177.9	136.7	55.2	53.7	60.0	57.3
				Togo	87.8	93.0	76.8	85.3	100.7	83.1	67.8	28.2
				Zimbabwe¹	66.9	…	52.0	59.0	65.7	90.8	96.1	56.3
Sub-Saharan Africa					40.3	57.0	47.6	36.4	30.9	29.5	31.7	31.7
			Median		54.0	74.4	72.4	48.9	40.1	34.4	34.8	36.1
	Including Zimbabwe				40.4	…	47.6	36.5	31.0	29.7	31.9	31.8
	Excluding Nigeria and South Africa				52.9	73.1	64.0	49.0	40.1	38.5	39.1	35.6
Oil-importing countries					45.9	57.4	53.4	45.1	37.3	36.3	38.0	38.3
	Excluding South Africa				58.6	76.9	70.4	56.3	45.4	44.2	43.4	39.9
CFA franc zone					45.8	65.7	56.6	39.0	36.6	31.2	31.6	29.2
	WAEMU				51.3	63.3	62.7	44.7	43.3	42.5	41.9	40.8
	CEMAC				40.3	68.2	50.3	33.2	29.8	19.9	21.1	17.5
EAC-5					58.1	74.3	68.9	64.1	42.5	40.5	39.4	40.7
SADC					38.1	46.7	43.5	37.0	31.6	31.7	35.6	35.3
SACU					30.3	34.3	33.1	31.2	27.1	26.1	30.1	34.6
COMESA					68.2	95.8	81.3	66.2	49.6	48.3	47.3	39.7
Resource-intensive countries					33.1	57.3	40.1	24.7	22.4	20.7	23.4	22.9
	Oil				28.8	56.1	35.2	18.3	18.1	16.5	20.0	19.3
	Non-oil resource-intensive countries				56.9	63.9	66.3	60.6	47.6	46.3	44.7	45.9
Non-resource-intensive countries					44.1	56.4	51.7	43.2	35.1	34.2	36.6	37.1
	Coastal Non-resource-intensive countries				38.3	45.6	43.6	37.8	32.8	31.8	35.4	38.8
	Landlocked Non-resource-intensive countries				67.1	100.8	83.7	64.0	44.1	43.1	40.6	31.6
MDRI					58.0	86.9	74.3	53.1	39.1	36.8	36.7	32.9
Fixed exchange rate regimes					47.0	64.1	55.9	40.0	40.0	34.9	33.6	30.6
Floating exchange rate					38.9	55.5	45.8	35.6	29.1	28.5	31.3	31.9

Sources: IMF, African Department database, April 1, 2011; and IMF, World Economic Outlook (WEO) database, April 1, 2011.

^{Table SA14.}

Broad Money

(Percent of GDP)

Sources: IMF, African Department database, April 1, 2011; and IMF, World Economic Outlook (WEO) database, April 1, 2011.

^{Table SA14.}

Broad Money

(Percent of GDP)

					2004-08	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012
Oil-exporting countries					22.3	17.9	17.7	20.0	24.3	31.8	38.0	33.1	31.8	32.5
	Excluding Nigeria				18.2	15.5	15.4	17.5	19.0	23.7	30.6	29.2	26.7	26.7
				Angola	21.9	17.7	17.5	20.5	22.2	31.5	42.4	40.2	35.3	34.6
				Cameroon	19.3	18.1	17.9	18.3	20.8	21.7	23.5	23.0	23.0	23.0
				Chad	10.5	8.1	8.0	11.5	11.8	13.3	16.2	18.1	17.6	17.7
				Congo, Rep. of	16.0	13.4	14.0	16.4	17.8	18.4	22.5	20.0	16.7	18.4
				Equatorial Guinea	7.0	7.5	6.4	6.3	7.5	7.1	12.0	11.9	13.7	14.0
				Gabon	18.3	17.4	18.2	19.6	18.9	17.5	22.5	19.7	17.7	18.5
				Nigeria	25.0	19.4	19.1	21.5	27.8	37.3	42.9	35.6	35.0	36.0
Middle-income countries					73.0	63.0	68.2	73.6	79.4	80.8	78.6	82.4	84.8	85.9
	Excluding South Africa				54.0	52.1	54.6	53.2	54.7	55.4	58.5	59.0	58.9	58.9
				Botswana	41.5	41.8	43.0	37.4	42.4	42.8	46.5	45.7	44.5	44.8
				Cape Verde	84.7	76.2	84.0	87.7	88.2	87.2	83.6	82.9	84.3	84.3
				Lesotho	33.9	29.8	30.1	36.6	36.3	36.9	39.4	42.2	46.9	47.5
				Mauritius	96.9	90.2	99.0	97.2	98.1	100.0	104.6	106.6	106.6	106.6
				Namibia	39.2	37.1	37.6	41.7	40.0	39.5	39.2	39.6	40.0	40.0
				Seychelles	84.7	101.2	95.8	90.0	68.0	68.7	59.7	64.4	63.9	63.7
				South Africa	75.6	64.6	70.1	76.3	82.7	84.2	81.3	85.7	88.4	89.7
				Swaziland	23.7	21.6	21.6	24.0	25.4	26.0	30.9	33.7	34.4	34.4
Low-income countries					26.2	25.4	25.3	26.2	27.3	26.8	27.8	30.3	30.8	31.3
		Excluding fragile countries			26.0	25.5	25.3	26.1	26.9	26.2	26.9	29.4	30.6	31.2
				Benin	33.1	26.5	29.8	32.5	35.6	40.8	41.3	44.0	44.0	44.0
				Burkina Faso	23.8	25.1	21.4	21.4	25.8	25.4	27.6	30.4	31.2	31.2
				Ethiopia	34.9	39.0	38.0	36.1	33.0	28.1	25.0	27.2	30.1	31.5
				Ghana	7.1	7.1	6.5	7.2	7.6	7.4	8.2	9.9	9.5	9.4
				Kenya	41.2	40.2	39.4	40.3	42.5	43.4	46.0	52.2	54.9	54.4
				Madagascar	19.7	21.3	18.0	19.2	20.4	19.7	20.8	20.8	20.9	21.1
				Malawi	20.8	19.8	20.2	18.1	21.7	24.4	25.9	26.8	26.8	26.8
				Mali	28.8	29.1	29.6	29.1	29.7	26.2	28.1	29.4	30.3	30.8
				Mozambique	19.7	17.7	18.4	19.5	20.6	22.4	26.9	26.0	26.8	27.9
				Niger	15.7	15.2	14.0	15.2	17.3	16.6	19.0	18.8	20.3	23.2
				Rwanda	16.8	15.5	15.2	16.7	18.3	18.2	17.8	18.8	18.4	18.7
				Senegal	34.8	34.1	33.8	35.8	36.5	33.7	37.0	38.9	39.5	40.3
				Tanzania	26.3	22.7	23.7	27.5	28.8	28.9	29.6	32.3	34.0	35.6
				Uganda	18.2	16.9	17.5	18.0	18.1	20.6	20.9	24.0	26.0	26.8
				Zambia	21.4	21.5	18.0	21.5	22.5	23.4	21.4	23.1	21.5	21.5
		Fragile countries			27.0	25.1	25.1	26.5	28.8	29.5	31.8	35.0	31.9	31.8
			Including Zimbabwe		26.3	…	24.2	26.1	27.8	28.5	31.3	34.7	31.8	31.8
				Burundi	30.5	27.7	29.9	31.7	31.1	32.0	32.4	34.2	34.2	34.5
				Central African Republic	16.1	16.4	18.0	16.0	14.6	15.5	16.7	16.9	17.0	16.9
				Comoros	27.2	24.5	24.7	27.5	28.9	30.2	32.2	34.2	33.1	33.3
				Congo, Dem. Rep. of	10.8	8.3	7.8	10.4	12.4	15.3	16.6	16.5	16.5	16.5
				Côte d’Ivoire	26.3	23.7	24.1	25.3	29.9	28.6	32.3	36.1	…	…
				Eritrea	130.2	129.0	129.3	123.9	127.7	141.3	121.6	122.0	118.1	117.2
				Gambia, The	37.8	31.3	33.8	41.4	39.9	42.6	44.7	45.5	46.3	47.3
				Guinea	20.2	18.2	19.0	21.5	19.6	22.7	27.3	38.9	34.3	33.5
				Guinea-Bissau	19.4	15.7	17.3	18.2	21.6	24.4	24.4	29.8	29.8	29.8
				Liberia	23.5	18.1	20.4	23.4	25.2	30.5	36.7	43.4	40.7	39.6
				São Tomé & Príncipe	38.0	28.0	36.0	39.0	42.4	44.3	41.5	39.9	39.5	39.9
				Sierra Leone	22.0	19.7	21.6	21.4	22.9	24.6	29.7	31.8	30.3	32.0
				Togo	33.3	29.9	28.0	33.3	38.0	37.5	41.4	45.4	46.6	48.2
				Zimbabwe¹	12.5	…	11.7	19.9	11.4	7.1	22.7	29.7	30.2	30.6
Sub-Saharan Africa					42.0	36.8	38.7	41.6	45.1	47.6	48.6	48.8	48.9	49.4
			Median		24.1	21.6	21.6	23.4	25.8	28.1	29.7	33.7	33.5	33.4
	Including Zimbabwe				41.9	…	38.6	41.5	45.0	47.5	48.5	48.7	48.9	49.3
	Excluding Nigeria and South Africa				26.5	25.5	25.3	26.3	27.3	28.3	31.0	32.4	32.0	32.3
Oil-importing countries					51.3	45.8	48.3	51.7	55.1	55.3	53.9	56.9	58.0	58.4
	Excluding South Africa				29.5	28.8	28.7	29.4	30.4	30.1	31.2	33.6	33.9	34.3
CFA franc zone					21.6	20.3	20.2	21.4	23.3	23.0	26.0	26.9	26.0	26.6
	WAEMU				27.9	26.2	26.1	27.3	30.3	29.4	32.1	34.7	33.4	33.8
	CEMAC				15.3	14.3	14.2	15.4	16.3	16.5	19.9	19.1	18.6	19.1
EAC-5					29.7	27.8	28.1	29.7	31.1	31.7	32.7	36.6	38.5	39.1
SADC					59.1	52.1	55.3	59.5	63.5	65.2	64.9	67.4	68.2	68.8
SACU					72.2	62.1	67.2	72.8	78.9	80.2	77.9	81.8	84.2	85.3
COMESA					34.7	35.5	34.7	34.6	34.6	34.0	34.1	36.8	38.4	38.7
Resource-intensive countries					23.8	19.9	19.8	21.6	25.6	32.0	37.8	34.0	32.4	33.0
	Oil				22.3	17.9	17.7	20.0	24.3	31.8	38.0	33.1	31.8	32.5
	Non-oil resource-intensive countries				31.8	30.1	30.8	30.7	33.7	33.7	36.7	39.6	36.3	36.5
Non-resource-intensive countries					52.8	47.0	49.7	53.4	56.8	57.0	55.2	58.3	59.7	60.2
	Coastal Non-resource-intensive countries				60.2	52.4	56.2	60.9	65.4	66.2	64.4	68.0	69.5	70.1
	Landlocked Non-resource-intensive countries				24.3	24.8	24.2	24.5	24.5	23.5	23.6	25.6	27.3	28.1
MDRI					22.2	21.3	21.3	22.3	23.1	22.8	23.6	25.0	25.7	26.5
Fixed exchange rate regimes					24.3	23.1	22.9	24.2	25.9	25.6	28.2	29.2	28.4	28.9
Floating exchange rate					45.6	39.7	42.1	45.1	49.0	51.9	52.6	52.6	52.8	53.2

Sources: IMF, African Department database, April 1, 2011; and IMF, World Economic Outlook (WEO) database, April 1, 2011.

^{Table SA14.}

Broad Money

(Percent of GDP)

					2004-08	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012
Oil-exporting countries					22.3	17.9	17.7	20.0	24.3	31.8	38.0	33.1	31.8	32.5
	Excluding Nigeria				18.2	15.5	15.4	17.5	19.0	23.7	30.6	29.2	26.7	26.7
				Angola	21.9	17.7	17.5	20.5	22.2	31.5	42.4	40.2	35.3	34.6
				Cameroon	19.3	18.1	17.9	18.3	20.8	21.7	23.5	23.0	23.0	23.0
				Chad	10.5	8.1	8.0	11.5	11.8	13.3	16.2	18.1	17.6	17.7
				Congo, Rep. of	16.0	13.4	14.0	16.4	17.8	18.4	22.5	20.0	16.7	18.4
				Equatorial Guinea	7.0	7.5	6.4	6.3	7.5	7.1	12.0	11.9	13.7	14.0
				Gabon	18.3	17.4	18.2	19.6	18.9	17.5	22.5	19.7	17.7	18.5
				Nigeria	25.0	19.4	19.1	21.5	27.8	37.3	42.9	35.6	35.0	36.0
Middle-income countries					73.0	63.0	68.2	73.6	79.4	80.8	78.6	82.4	84.8	85.9
	Excluding South Africa				54.0	52.1	54.6	53.2	54.7	55.4	58.5	59.0	58.9	58.9
				Botswana	41.5	41.8	43.0	37.4	42.4	42.8	46.5	45.7	44.5	44.8
				Cape Verde	84.7	76.2	84.0	87.7	88.2	87.2	83.6	82.9	84.3	84.3
				Lesotho	33.9	29.8	30.1	36.6	36.3	36.9	39.4	42.2	46.9	47.5
				Mauritius	96.9	90.2	99.0	97.2	98.1	100.0	104.6	106.6	106.6	106.6
				Namibia	39.2	37.1	37.6	41.7	40.0	39.5	39.2	39.6	40.0	40.0
				Seychelles	84.7	101.2	95.8	90.0	68.0	68.7	59.7	64.4	63.9	63.7
				South Africa	75.6	64.6	70.1	76.3	82.7	84.2	81.3	85.7	88.4	89.7
				Swaziland	23.7	21.6	21.6	24.0	25.4	26.0	30.9	33.7	34.4	34.4
Low-income countries					26.2	25.4	25.3	26.2	27.3	26.8	27.8	30.3	30.8	31.3
		Excluding fragile countries			26.0	25.5	25.3	26.1	26.9	26.2	26.9	29.4	30.6	31.2
				Benin	33.1	26.5	29.8	32.5	35.6	40.8	41.3	44.0	44.0	44.0
				Burkina Faso	23.8	25.1	21.4	21.4	25.8	25.4	27.6	30.4	31.2	31.2
				Ethiopia	34.9	39.0	38.0	36.1	33.0	28.1	25.0	27.2	30.1	31.5
				Ghana	7.1	7.1	6.5	7.2	7.6	7.4	8.2	9.9	9.5	9.4
				Kenya	41.2	40.2	39.4	40.3	42.5	43.4	46.0	52.2	54.9	54.4
				Madagascar	19.7	21.3	18.0	19.2	20.4	19.7	20.8	20.8	20.9	21.1
				Malawi	20.8	19.8	20.2	18.1	21.7	24.4	25.9	26.8	26.8	26.8
				Mali	28.8	29.1	29.6	29.1	29.7	26.2	28.1	29.4	30.3	30.8
				Mozambique	19.7	17.7	18.4	19.5	20.6	22.4	26.9	26.0	26.8	27.9
				Niger	15.7	15.2	14.0	15.2	17.3	16.6	19.0	18.8	20.3	23.2
				Rwanda	16.8	15.5	15.2	16.7	18.3	18.2	17.8	18.8	18.4	18.7
				Senegal	34.8	34.1	33.8	35.8	36.5	33.7	37.0	38.9	39.5	40.3
				Tanzania	26.3	22.7	23.7	27.5	28.8	28.9	29.6	32.3	34.0	35.6
				Uganda	18.2	16.9	17.5	18.0	18.1	20.6	20.9	24.0	26.0	26.8
				Zambia	21.4	21.5	18.0	21.5	22.5	23.4	21.4	23.1	21.5	21.5
		Fragile countries			27.0	25.1	25.1	26.5	28.8	29.5	31.8	35.0	31.9	31.8
			Including Zimbabwe		26.3	…	24.2	26.1	27.8	28.5	31.3	34.7	31.8	31.8
				Burundi	30.5	27.7	29.9	31.7	31.1	32.0	32.4	34.2	34.2	34.5
				Central African Republic	16.1	16.4	18.0	16.0	14.6	15.5	16.7	16.9	17.0	16.9
				Comoros	27.2	24.5	24.7	27.5	28.9	30.2	32.2	34.2	33.1	33.3
				Congo, Dem. Rep. of	10.8	8.3	7.8	10.4	12.4	15.3	16.6	16.5	16.5	16.5
				Côte d’Ivoire	26.3	23.7	24.1	25.3	29.9	28.6	32.3	36.1	…	…
				Eritrea	130.2	129.0	129.3	123.9	127.7	141.3	121.6	122.0	118.1	117.2
				Gambia, The	37.8	31.3	33.8	41.4	39.9	42.6	44.7	45.5	46.3	47.3
				Guinea	20.2	18.2	19.0	21.5	19.6	22.7	27.3	38.9	34.3	33.5
				Guinea-Bissau	19.4	15.7	17.3	18.2	21.6	24.4	24.4	29.8	29.8	29.8
				Liberia	23.5	18.1	20.4	23.4	25.2	30.5	36.7	43.4	40.7	39.6
				São Tomé & Príncipe	38.0	28.0	36.0	39.0	42.4	44.3	41.5	39.9	39.5	39.9
				Sierra Leone	22.0	19.7	21.6	21.4	22.9	24.6	29.7	31.8	30.3	32.0
				Togo	33.3	29.9	28.0	33.3	38.0	37.5	41.4	45.4	46.6	48.2
				Zimbabwe¹	12.5	…	11.7	19.9	11.4	7.1	22.7	29.7	30.2	30.6
Sub-Saharan Africa					42.0	36.8	38.7	41.6	45.1	47.6	48.6	48.8	48.9	49.4
			Median		24.1	21.6	21.6	23.4	25.8	28.1	29.7	33.7	33.5	33.4
	Including Zimbabwe				41.9	…	38.6	41.5	45.0	47.5	48.5	48.7	48.9	49.3
	Excluding Nigeria and South Africa				26.5	25.5	25.3	26.3	27.3	28.3	31.0	32.4	32.0	32.3
Oil-importing countries					51.3	45.8	48.3	51.7	55.1	55.3	53.9	56.9	58.0	58.4
	Excluding South Africa				29.5	28.8	28.7	29.4	30.4	30.1	31.2	33.6	33.9	34.3
CFA franc zone					21.6	20.3	20.2	21.4	23.3	23.0	26.0	26.9	26.0	26.6
	WAEMU				27.9	26.2	26.1	27.3	30.3	29.4	32.1	34.7	33.4	33.8
	CEMAC				15.3	14.3	14.2	15.4	16.3	16.5	19.9	19.1	18.6	19.1
EAC-5					29.7	27.8	28.1	29.7	31.1	31.7	32.7	36.6	38.5	39.1
SADC					59.1	52.1	55.3	59.5	63.5	65.2	64.9	67.4	68.2	68.8
SACU					72.2	62.1	67.2	72.8	78.9	80.2	77.9	81.8	84.2	85.3
COMESA					34.7	35.5	34.7	34.6	34.6	34.0	34.1	36.8	38.4	38.7
Resource-intensive countries					23.8	19.9	19.8	21.6	25.6	32.0	37.8	34.0	32.4	33.0
	Oil				22.3	17.9	17.7	20.0	24.3	31.8	38.0	33.1	31.8	32.5
	Non-oil resource-intensive countries				31.8	30.1	30.8	30.7	33.7	33.7	36.7	39.6	36.3	36.5
Non-resource-intensive countries					52.8	47.0	49.7	53.4	56.8	57.0	55.2	58.3	59.7	60.2
	Coastal Non-resource-intensive countries				60.2	52.4	56.2	60.9	65.4	66.2	64.4	68.0	69.5	70.1
	Landlocked Non-resource-intensive countries				24.3	24.8	24.2	24.5	24.5	23.5	23.6	25.6	27.3	28.1
MDRI					22.2	21.3	21.3	22.3	23.1	22.8	23.6	25.0	25.7	26.5
Fixed exchange rate regimes					24.3	23.1	22.9	24.2	25.9	25.6	28.2	29.2	28.4	28.9
Floating exchange rate					45.6	39.7	42.1	45.1	49.0	51.9	52.6	52.6	52.8	53.2

Sources: IMF, African Department database, April 1, 2011; and IMF, World Economic Outlook (WEO) database, April 1, 2011.

^{Table SA15.}

Broad Money Growth

(Percent)

Sources: IMF, African Department database, April 1, 2011; and IMF, World Economic Outlook (WEO) database, April 1, 2011.

^{Table SA15.}

Broad Money Growth

(Percent)

					2004-08	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012
Oil-exporting countries					36.0	17.9	28.2	40.6	38.5	54.8	17.2	11.0	22.7	15.9
	Excluding Nigeria				35.5	24.8	34.6	36.7	30.5	50.7	16.9	18.2	19.4	15.3
				Angola	62.4	49.8	59.7	59.6	49.3	93.7	27.5	24.3	21.7	21.4
				Cameroon	10.5	7.3	4.2	9.3	18.6	13.4	6.9	3.7	8.0	7.2
				Chad	23.4	3.3	32.0	51.9	5.4	24.7	7.4	32.2	14.5	10.6
				Congo, Rep. of	28.7	15.9	36.3	47.9	6.9	36.4	5.0	11.9	14.0	14.1
				Equatorial Guinea	30.7	33.5	34.7	14.1	41.3	30.1	18.8	22.4	49.2	10.7
				Gabon	14.2	11.6	26.0	17.4	7.2	8.8	2.2	9.1	11.8	9.5
				Nigeria	36.7	14.0	24.4	43.1	44.2	57.8	17.5	6.7	24.8	16.2
Middle-income countries					18.5	13.2	19.5	21.7	23.1	15.2	2.2	14.6	10.5	12.0
	Excluding South Africa				16.0	13.6	12.8	15.4	19.8	18.5	5.7	11.5	11.7	12.1
				Botswana	17.4	10.7	14.4	9.0	31.2	21.7	-1.3	12.5	12.3	15.7
				Cape Verde	12.5	10.6	15.8	18.0	10.8	7.6	3.5	8.0	11.4	9.8
				Lesotho	16.8	3.4	9.1	35.3	16.4	19.7	17.7	14.5	24.3	12.7
				Mauritius	14.7	18.3	15.8	9.5	15.3	14.6	8.1	7.6	9.3	8.9
				Namibia	16.7	16.2	9.7	29.6	10.2	17.9	5.9	11.3	11.9	11.1
				Seychelles	7.9	14.0	1.7	3.0	-8.0	29.0	7.0	13.7	5.5	7.4
				South Africa	18.9	13.1	20.5	22.5	23.6	14.8	1.8	15.0	10.4	12.0
				Swaziland	17.3	15.5	9.1	25.1	21.4	15.4	26.8	17.2	10.6	7.9
Low-income countries					18.5	15.0	13.4	21.8	21.7	20.4	21.4	24.6	16.9	16.4
		Excluding fragile countries			17.3	12.4	12.6	20.8	21.2	19.7	20.5	24.5	20.4	17.0
				Benin	15.6	-6.7	21.8	16.5	17.6	28.8	6.2	11.5	6.9	7.1
				Burkina Faso	6.9	-7.0	-3.9	10.0	23.8	11.5	17.4	18.5	10.4	7.8
				Ethiopia	18.0	10.3	19.6	17.4	19.7	22.9	19.9	24.3	36.0	25.0
				Ghana	23.9	18.5	11.2	32.3	30.5	27.1	36.3	45.6	20.5	16.3
				Kenya	14.9	13.4	9.1	17.0	19.1	15.9	16.0	27.1	19.8	12.5
				Madagascar	17.1	19.4	4.6	24.9	24.2	12.6	10.5	6.9	9.7	13.8
				Malawi	26.9	31.9	16.2	16.5	36.9	33.1	23.9	17.8	13.1	13.0
				Mali	5.6	-2.4	11.7	8.8	9.3	0.5	16.0	13.4	15.8	8.2
				Mozambique	22.2	14.7	22.7	26.0	21.6	26.0	34.6	17.6	21.3	20.1
				Niger	15.7	20.3	6.6	16.2	23.0	12.2	18.3	9.8	18.1	34.4
				Rwanda	23.0	12.1	16.7	31.3	30.8	24.2	13.1	16.8	10.0	14.0
				Senegal	9.5	12.9	7.4	12.7	12.7	1.7	10.9	11.2	8.7	9.4
				Tanzania	21.5	18.5	19.6	31.3	20.1	18.1	18.5	25.1	20.1	19.0
				Uganda	16.5	9.0	8.7	16.4	17.4	31.1	25.0	31.7	20.3	19.2
				Zambia	25.6	32.0	3.3	44.0	25.3	23.2	7.7	29.9	9.3	13.3
		Fragile countries			23.2	25.7	16.5	25.9	23.8	23.9	25.3	25.3	1.2	13.3
			Including Zimbabwe		21.0	29.3	10.5	27.9	18.2	19.0	32.8	27.2	2.2	13.1
				Burundi	20.9	16.7	27.1	16.4	10.1	34.2	19.8	18.2	16.2	20.9
				Central African Republic	7.7	14.2	16.5	-4.2	-3.7	15.9	13.9	7.7	7.6	8.4
				Comoros	8.1	-4.4	7.4	15.0	11.0	11.5	13.3	12.6	2.5	7.3
				Congo, Dem. Rep. of	52.5	72.9	24.2	60.4	49.5	55.7	50.4	30.7	22.5	16.5
				Côte d’Ivoire	11.3	9.5	7.4	10.3	23.6	5.7	17.2	16.0	…	…
				Eritrea	11.2	11.7	10.7	5.7	12.1	15.9	15.7	14.4	18.5	16.8
				Gambia, The	16.5	18.3	13.1	26.2	6.7	18.4	19.4	13.7	13.2	12.8
				Guinea	35.5	37.0	37.2	59.4	4.7	39.0	25.9	74.4	9.5	18.3
				Guinea-Bissau	25.7	44.0	20.3	5.3	30.2	28.6	4.4	28.1	8.3	7.1
				Liberia	33.2	36.1	30.8	27.7	31.6	39.6	24.1	31.3	11.5	11.4
				São Tomé & Príncipe	32.8	7.4	45.9	39.3	36.4	35.2	14.6	15.1	12.4	14.0
				Sierra Leone	24.5	18.6	32.8	18.7	26.1	26.1	31.3	28.5	13.8	22.5
				Togo	15.7	18.2	2.3	22.7	19.7	15.6	16.2	16.3	11.6	10.3
				Zimbabwe¹	1.4	85.9	-47.9	61.3	-44.4	-48.0	321.3	68.0	23.8	10.7
Sub-Saharan Africa					23.9	15.3	20.2	27.5	27.5	28.9	13.1	16.4	16.7	14.8
			Median		17.9	14.2	15.8	18.0	19.7	21.7	16.0	16.0	12.4	12.7
	Including Zimbabwe				23.7	15.5	19.8	27.6	27.1	28.6	13.6	16.5	16.7	14.8
	Excluding Nigeria and South Africa				22.2	17.8	17.6	25.2	23.1	27.3	19.6	21.9	17.2	15.7
Oil-importing countries					18.3	14.4	16.1	21.9	21.9	17.2	11.7	19.5	13.7	14.2
	Excluding South Africa				17.8	15.5	12.3	21.4	20.5	19.4	20.7	23.3	16.3	15.8
CFA franc zone					14.2	9.0	13.8	16.5	17.4	14.1	11.4	13.5	9.0	10.2
	WAEMU				10.6	5.9	7.5	12.1	18.9	8.7	14.5	14.3	1.5	10.7
	CEMAC				18.0	12.2	20.7	21.2	16.0	19.7	8.3	12.7	17.1	9.7
EAC-5					17.9	14.0	13.1	22.1	19.6	20.7	18.7	26.6	19.3	16.4
SADC					23.6	18.8	21.8	27.2	25.9	24.3	9.6	17.2	13.4	14.2
SACU					18.7	13.0	19.7	22.1	23.5	15.2	2.1	14.8	10.6	12.2
COMESA					18.7	19.1	11.2	21.4	20.0	21.8	22.9	23.8	22.2	17.3
Resource-intensive countries					32.9	17.3	25.9	36.8	35.9	48.8	16.4	12.2	19.2	15.5
	Oil				36.0	17.9	28.2	40.6	38.5	54.8	17.2	11.0	22.7	15.9
	Non-oil resource-intensive countries				16.8	14.2	14.0	17.9	21.4	16.8	11.4	20.2	-1.4	13.1
Non-resource-intensive countries					18.5	14.4	16.3	22.4	22.0	17.3	11.7	19.5	15.1	14.3
	Coastal Non-resource-intensive countries				18.6	13.9	17.8	22.7	22.6	16.0	7.9	18.3	12.7	12.9
	Landlocked Non-resource-intensive countries				18.1	16.6	10.6	21.3	19.9	21.9	26.0	23.6	23.3	18.7
MDRI					18.8	14.2	13.9	22.4	21.6	21.7	20.5	21.8	19.0	16.6
Fixed exchange rate regimes					14.4	9.6	13.5	17.4	17.1	14.5	11.6	13.6	9.4	10.3
Floating exchange rate					25.9	16.5	21.7	29.7	29.7	31.9	13.4	17.0	18.1	15.6

Sources: IMF, African Department database, April 1, 2011; and IMF, World Economic Outlook (WEO) database, April 1, 2011.

^{Table SA15.}

Broad Money Growth

(Percent)

					2004-08	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012
Oil-exporting countries					36.0	17.9	28.2	40.6	38.5	54.8	17.2	11.0	22.7	15.9
	Excluding Nigeria				35.5	24.8	34.6	36.7	30.5	50.7	16.9	18.2	19.4	15.3
				Angola	62.4	49.8	59.7	59.6	49.3	93.7	27.5	24.3	21.7	21.4
				Cameroon	10.5	7.3	4.2	9.3	18.6	13.4	6.9	3.7	8.0	7.2
				Chad	23.4	3.3	32.0	51.9	5.4	24.7	7.4	32.2	14.5	10.6
				Congo, Rep. of	28.7	15.9	36.3	47.9	6.9	36.4	5.0	11.9	14.0	14.1
				Equatorial Guinea	30.7	33.5	34.7	14.1	41.3	30.1	18.8	22.4	49.2	10.7
				Gabon	14.2	11.6	26.0	17.4	7.2	8.8	2.2	9.1	11.8	9.5
				Nigeria	36.7	14.0	24.4	43.1	44.2	57.8	17.5	6.7	24.8	16.2
Middle-income countries					18.5	13.2	19.5	21.7	23.1	15.2	2.2	14.6	10.5	12.0
	Excluding South Africa				16.0	13.6	12.8	15.4	19.8	18.5	5.7	11.5	11.7	12.1
				Botswana	17.4	10.7	14.4	9.0	31.2	21.7	-1.3	12.5	12.3	15.7
				Cape Verde	12.5	10.6	15.8	18.0	10.8	7.6	3.5	8.0	11.4	9.8
				Lesotho	16.8	3.4	9.1	35.3	16.4	19.7	17.7	14.5	24.3	12.7
				Mauritius	14.7	18.3	15.8	9.5	15.3	14.6	8.1	7.6	9.3	8.9
				Namibia	16.7	16.2	9.7	29.6	10.2	17.9	5.9	11.3	11.9	11.1
				Seychelles	7.9	14.0	1.7	3.0	-8.0	29.0	7.0	13.7	5.5	7.4
				South Africa	18.9	13.1	20.5	22.5	23.6	14.8	1.8	15.0	10.4	12.0
				Swaziland	17.3	15.5	9.1	25.1	21.4	15.4	26.8	17.2	10.6	7.9
Low-income countries					18.5	15.0	13.4	21.8	21.7	20.4	21.4	24.6	16.9	16.4
		Excluding fragile countries			17.3	12.4	12.6	20.8	21.2	19.7	20.5	24.5	20.4	17.0
				Benin	15.6	-6.7	21.8	16.5	17.6	28.8	6.2	11.5	6.9	7.1
				Burkina Faso	6.9	-7.0	-3.9	10.0	23.8	11.5	17.4	18.5	10.4	7.8
				Ethiopia	18.0	10.3	19.6	17.4	19.7	22.9	19.9	24.3	36.0	25.0
				Ghana	23.9	18.5	11.2	32.3	30.5	27.1	36.3	45.6	20.5	16.3
				Kenya	14.9	13.4	9.1	17.0	19.1	15.9	16.0	27.1	19.8	12.5
				Madagascar	17.1	19.4	4.6	24.9	24.2	12.6	10.5	6.9	9.7	13.8
				Malawi	26.9	31.9	16.2	16.5	36.9	33.1	23.9	17.8	13.1	13.0
				Mali	5.6	-2.4	11.7	8.8	9.3	0.5	16.0	13.4	15.8	8.2
				Mozambique	22.2	14.7	22.7	26.0	21.6	26.0	34.6	17.6	21.3	20.1
				Niger	15.7	20.3	6.6	16.2	23.0	12.2	18.3	9.8	18.1	34.4
				Rwanda	23.0	12.1	16.7	31.3	30.8	24.2	13.1	16.8	10.0	14.0
				Senegal	9.5	12.9	7.4	12.7	12.7	1.7	10.9	11.2	8.7	9.4
				Tanzania	21.5	18.5	19.6	31.3	20.1	18.1	18.5	25.1	20.1	19.0
				Uganda	16.5	9.0	8.7	16.4	17.4	31.1	25.0	31.7	20.3	19.2
				Zambia	25.6	32.0	3.3	44.0	25.3	23.2	7.7	29.9	9.3	13.3
		Fragile countries			23.2	25.7	16.5	25.9	23.8	23.9	25.3	25.3	1.2	13.3
			Including Zimbabwe		21.0	29.3	10.5	27.9	18.2	19.0	32.8	27.2	2.2	13.1
				Burundi	20.9	16.7	27.1	16.4	10.1	34.2	19.8	18.2	16.2	20.9
				Central African Republic	7.7	14.2	16.5	-4.2	-3.7	15.9	13.9	7.7	7.6	8.4
				Comoros	8.1	-4.4	7.4	15.0	11.0	11.5	13.3	12.6	2.5	7.3
				Congo, Dem. Rep. of	52.5	72.9	24.2	60.4	49.5	55.7	50.4	30.7	22.5	16.5
				Côte d’Ivoire	11.3	9.5	7.4	10.3	23.6	5.7	17.2	16.0	…	…
				Eritrea	11.2	11.7	10.7	5.7	12.1	15.9	15.7	14.4	18.5	16.8
				Gambia, The	16.5	18.3	13.1	26.2	6.7	18.4	19.4	13.7	13.2	12.8
				Guinea	35.5	37.0	37.2	59.4	4.7	39.0	25.9	74.4	9.5	18.3
				Guinea-Bissau	25.7	44.0	20.3	5.3	30.2	28.6	4.4	28.1	8.3	7.1
				Liberia	33.2	36.1	30.8	27.7	31.6	39.6	24.1	31.3	11.5	11.4
				São Tomé & Príncipe	32.8	7.4	45.9	39.3	36.4	35.2	14.6	15.1	12.4	14.0
				Sierra Leone	24.5	18.6	32.8	18.7	26.1	26.1	31.3	28.5	13.8	22.5
				Togo	15.7	18.2	2.3	22.7	19.7	15.6	16.2	16.3	11.6	10.3
				Zimbabwe¹	1.4	85.9	-47.9	61.3	-44.4	-48.0	321.3	68.0	23.8	10.7
Sub-Saharan Africa					23.9	15.3	20.2	27.5	27.5	28.9	13.1	16.4	16.7	14.8
			Median		17.9	14.2	15.8	18.0	19.7	21.7	16.0	16.0	12.4	12.7
	Including Zimbabwe				23.7	15.5	19.8	27.6	27.1	28.6	13.6	16.5	16.7	14.8
	Excluding Nigeria and South Africa				22.2	17.8	17.6	25.2	23.1	27.3	19.6	21.9	17.2	15.7
Oil-importing countries					18.3	14.4	16.1	21.9	21.9	17.2	11.7	19.5	13.7	14.2
	Excluding South Africa				17.8	15.5	12.3	21.4	20.5	19.4	20.7	23.3	16.3	15.8
CFA franc zone					14.2	9.0	13.8	16.5	17.4	14.1	11.4	13.5	9.0	10.2
	WAEMU				10.6	5.9	7.5	12.1	18.9	8.7	14.5	14.3	1.5	10.7
	CEMAC				18.0	12.2	20.7	21.2	16.0	19.7	8.3	12.7	17.1	9.7
EAC-5					17.9	14.0	13.1	22.1	19.6	20.7	18.7	26.6	19.3	16.4
SADC					23.6	18.8	21.8	27.2	25.9	24.3	9.6	17.2	13.4	14.2
SACU					18.7	13.0	19.7	22.1	23.5	15.2	2.1	14.8	10.6	12.2
COMESA					18.7	19.1	11.2	21.4	20.0	21.8	22.9	23.8	22.2	17.3
Resource-intensive countries					32.9	17.3	25.9	36.8	35.9	48.8	16.4	12.2	19.2	15.5
	Oil				36.0	17.9	28.2	40.6	38.5	54.8	17.2	11.0	22.7	15.9
	Non-oil resource-intensive countries				16.8	14.2	14.0	17.9	21.4	16.8	11.4	20.2	-1.4	13.1
Non-resource-intensive countries					18.5	14.4	16.3	22.4	22.0	17.3	11.7	19.5	15.1	14.3
	Coastal Non-resource-intensive countries				18.6	13.9	17.8	22.7	22.6	16.0	7.9	18.3	12.7	12.9
	Landlocked Non-resource-intensive countries				18.1	16.6	10.6	21.3	19.9	21.9	26.0	23.6	23.3	18.7
MDRI					18.8	14.2	13.9	22.4	21.6	21.7	20.5	21.8	19.0	16.6
Fixed exchange rate regimes					14.4	9.6	13.5	17.4	17.1	14.5	11.6	13.6	9.4	10.3
Floating exchange rate					25.9	16.5	21.7	29.7	29.7	31.9	13.4	17.0	18.1	15.6

Sources: IMF, African Department database, April 1, 2011; and IMF, World Economic Outlook (WEO) database, April 1, 2011.

^{Table SA16.}

Claims on Nonfinancial Private Sector

(Percent of broad money)

Sources: IMF, African Department database, April 1, 2011; and IMF, World Economic Outlook (WEO) database, April 1, 2011.

^{Table SA16.}

Claims on Nonfinancial Private Sector

(Percent of broad money)

					2004-08	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010
Oil-exporting countries					60.7	56.7	57.9	54.6	66.5	67.7	71.9	66.1
	Excluding Nigeria				42.4	41.0	40.7	41.8	44.1	44.7	48.9	50.0
				Angola	40.9	35.7	34.7	42.0	49.0	43.1	52.5	55.7
				Cameroon	49.0	49.8	53.1	50.1	44.8	47.3	48.2	48.8
				Chad	40.8	49.3	52.2	36.2	30.3	35.9	38.3	31.8
				Congo, Rep. of	16.4	22.1	17.2	12.6	12.8	17.2	21.4	22.1
				Equatorial Guinea	40.6	30.0	33.1	39.1	38.9	61.9	58.2	59.3
				Gabon	53.4	54.3	49.3	51.4	56.6	55.2	49.7	48.6
				Nigeria	72.6	66.1	68.7	62.8	81.6	83.5	86.9	76.4
Middle-income countries					100.6	100.3	100.0	102.2	100.8	99.9	98.3	90.9
	Excluding South Africa				72.5	71.0	73.5	72.0	72.9	73.3	74.5	74.1
				Botswana	47.4	46.8	44.5	49.3	47.2	49.1	54.9	54.3
				Cape Verde	55.1	49.6	46.7	51.3	58.7	69.2	74.8	83.3
				Lesotho	27.2	21.6	29.8	25.6	29.0	30.0	32.4	33.4
				Mauritius	77.4	78.4	73.7	73.8	76.5	84.8	78.8	82.4
				Namibia	124.8	125.8	137.7	121.9	124.9	113.7	118.1	117.9
				Seychelles	33.3	27.2	30.8	28.7	37.0	42.6	36.2	39.3
				South Africa	104.5	104.4	103.5	106.3	104.6	103.5	101.6	93.2
				Swaziland	94.6	86.3	100.0	97.9	98.3	90.8	81.0	68.8
Low-income countries					62.2	53.1	59.3	60.8	64.6	73.3	69.7	65.5
		Excluding fragile countries			66.9	55.7	63.5	65.4	70.0	79.6	75.5	70.3
				Benin	53.7	56.3	54.3	51.8	54.9	51.2	53.9	52.4
				Burkina Faso	70.5	59.5	77.1	80.0	65.1	70.6	61.2	59.2
				Ethiopia	33.7	28.3	31.1	33.9	36.0	39.3	36.4	37.7
				Ghana	161.6	105.0	142.3	153.4	188.1	219.2	187.5	163.6
				Kenya	65.7	64.3	64.5	63.0	64.8	72.0	70.6	66.9
				Madagascar	51.0	45.8	54.1	51.3	48.5	55.4	53.2	53.7
				Malawi	43.9	30.6	37.2	50.1	48.6	53.1	58.5	54.8
				Mali	62.3	67.2	56.2	61.7	60.7	65.6	62.7	56.6
				Mozambique	72.5	59.8	71.6	75.3	72.2	83.6	98.5	99.1
				Niger	53.4	43.3	48.7	55.2	54.0	65.8	65.8	59.3
				Rwanda	60.5	59.5	60.6	56.7	52.4	73.3	68.5	64.9
				Senegal	64.9	59.1	68.5	63.2	62.1	71.5	66.9	61.4
				Tanzania	42.9	38.8	40.1	40.1	44.9	50.6	56.8	53.0
				Uganda	45.3	39.0	40.9	45.1	47.2	54.3	57.2	54.4
				Zambia	48.4	37.5	42.8	45.2	52.5	64.1	56.1	49.9
		Fragile countries			42.3	42.8	42.1	41.0	41.1	44.7	42.9	43.0
			Including Zimbabwe		41.9	43.7	41.1	40.2	39.7	44.7	43.4	44.5
				Burundi	64.3	80.1	62.0	62.4	63.5	53.7	56.2	61.9
				Central African Republic	43.0	43.9	37.7	41.7	46.3	45.2	39.3	45.2
				Comoros	32.6	29.1	35.4	30.9	31.7	36.1	46.0	51.4
				Congo, Dem. Rep. of	28.9	18.5	23.6	25.9	29.9	46.7	43.8	39.9
				Côte d’Ivoire	56.9	60.6	57.2	56.2	53.6	56.9	53.6	55.0
				Eritrea	18.9	20.6	21.2	21.0	16.2	15.6	13.6	12.2
				Gambia, The	32.0	30.1	31.0	31.1	33.6	34.2	31.6	31.9
				Guinea	28.9	32.0	34.3	29.6	27.8	20.8	19.2	15.8
				Guinea-Bissau	11.2	5.2	6.5	11.5	14.2	18.9	22.6	28.8
				Liberia	36.8	35.8	33.0	36.6	38.7	40.0	42.3	45.2
				São Tomé & Príncipe	70.6	59.2	73.8	77.3	74.9	67.8	83.8	93.4
				Sierra Leone	23.6	23.7	21.0	21.0	23.2	28.9	32.0	32.7
				Togo	54.4	57.0	62.4	51.2	55.5	45.8	47.8	50.0
				Zimbabwe¹	34.2	55.2	27.8	26.9	16.5	44.7	51.7	74.9
Sub-Saharan Africa					75.7	71.5	73.8	74.0	78.3	80.9	80.2	74.2
			Median		49.7	46.8	48.7	50.1	49.0	53.7	54.9	54.3
	Including Zimbabwe				75.6	71.5	73.6	73.8	78.1	80.8	80.1	74.2
	Excluding Nigeria and South Africa				57.7	51.8	55.5	56.5	59.4	65.3	64.3	62.1
Oil-importing countries					82.7	78.5	81.0	82.9	83.8	87.3	84.3	78.5
	Excluding South Africa				63.2	55.4	60.6	61.8	65.2	73.1	70.1	66.5
CFA franc zone					51.5	51.1	52.5	51.0	48.8	54.0	52.1	50.7
	WAEMU				59.7	58.2	60.6	60.3	57.5	61.8	58.7	56.5
	CEMAC				43.2	44.0	44.3	41.6	40.1	46.2	45.5	44.8
EAC-5					53.6	50.7	51.4	51.4	53.8	60.8	62.6	59.1
SADC					85.5	84.7	84.6	86.7	86.0	85.5	86.0	80.8
SACU					101.7	101.3	101.1	103.4	101.9	100.6	99.2	91.3
COMESA					49.6	46.4	47.5	48.4	49.4	56.3	54.4	53.3
Resource-intensive countries					60.5	57.4	58.4	55.3	65.3	66.3	70.1	65.1
	Oil				60.7	56.7	57.9	54.6	66.5	67.7	71.9	66.1
	Non-oil resource-intensive countries				59.4	60.7	60.9	59.3	58.2	57.8	58.8	58.8
Non-resource-intensive countries					85.2	80.6	83.2	85.4	86.4	90.3	86.9	80.5
	Coastal Non-resource-intensive countries				95.4	90.6	93.4	95.6	97.2	100.5	97.5	89.9
	Landlocked Non-resource-intensive countries				45.8	41.2	43.3	46.3	45.7	52.5	50.4	49.0
MDRI					60.9	50.5	57.9	59.7	63.6	72.9	69.3	65.0
Fixed exchange rate regimes					55.3	54.6	56.9	54.8	53.0	57.1	55.3	53.8
Floating exchange rate					79.9	75.2	77.4	77.9	83.4	85.6	85.1	78.2

Sources: IMF, African Department database, April 1, 2011; and IMF, World Economic Outlook (WEO) database, April 1, 2011.

^{Table SA16.}

Claims on Nonfinancial Private Sector

(Percent of broad money)

					2004-08	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010
Oil-exporting countries					60.7	56.7	57.9	54.6	66.5	67.7	71.9	66.1
	Excluding Nigeria				42.4	41.0	40.7	41.8	44.1	44.7	48.9	50.0
				Angola	40.9	35.7	34.7	42.0	49.0	43.1	52.5	55.7
				Cameroon	49.0	49.8	53.1	50.1	44.8	47.3	48.2	48.8
				Chad	40.8	49.3	52.2	36.2	30.3	35.9	38.3	31.8
				Congo, Rep. of	16.4	22.1	17.2	12.6	12.8	17.2	21.4	22.1
				Equatorial Guinea	40.6	30.0	33.1	39.1	38.9	61.9	58.2	59.3
				Gabon	53.4	54.3	49.3	51.4	56.6	55.2	49.7	48.6
				Nigeria	72.6	66.1	68.7	62.8	81.6	83.5	86.9	76.4
Middle-income countries					100.6	100.3	100.0	102.2	100.8	99.9	98.3	90.9
	Excluding South Africa				72.5	71.0	73.5	72.0	72.9	73.3	74.5	74.1
				Botswana	47.4	46.8	44.5	49.3	47.2	49.1	54.9	54.3
				Cape Verde	55.1	49.6	46.7	51.3	58.7	69.2	74.8	83.3
				Lesotho	27.2	21.6	29.8	25.6	29.0	30.0	32.4	33.4
				Mauritius	77.4	78.4	73.7	73.8	76.5	84.8	78.8	82.4
				Namibia	124.8	125.8	137.7	121.9	124.9	113.7	118.1	117.9
				Seychelles	33.3	27.2	30.8	28.7	37.0	42.6	36.2	39.3
				South Africa	104.5	104.4	103.5	106.3	104.6	103.5	101.6	93.2
				Swaziland	94.6	86.3	100.0	97.9	98.3	90.8	81.0	68.8
Low-income countries					62.2	53.1	59.3	60.8	64.6	73.3	69.7	65.5
		Excluding fragile countries			66.9	55.7	63.5	65.4	70.0	79.6	75.5	70.3
				Benin	53.7	56.3	54.3	51.8	54.9	51.2	53.9	52.4
				Burkina Faso	70.5	59.5	77.1	80.0	65.1	70.6	61.2	59.2
				Ethiopia	33.7	28.3	31.1	33.9	36.0	39.3	36.4	37.7
				Ghana	161.6	105.0	142.3	153.4	188.1	219.2	187.5	163.6
				Kenya	65.7	64.3	64.5	63.0	64.8	72.0	70.6	66.9
				Madagascar	51.0	45.8	54.1	51.3	48.5	55.4	53.2	53.7
				Malawi	43.9	30.6	37.2	50.1	48.6	53.1	58.5	54.8
				Mali	62.3	67.2	56.2	61.7	60.7	65.6	62.7	56.6
				Mozambique	72.5	59.8	71.6	75.3	72.2	83.6	98.5	99.1
				Niger	53.4	43.3	48.7	55.2	54.0	65.8	65.8	59.3
				Rwanda	60.5	59.5	60.6	56.7	52.4	73.3	68.5	64.9
				Senegal	64.9	59.1	68.5	63.2	62.1	71.5	66.9	61.4
				Tanzania	42.9	38.8	40.1	40.1	44.9	50.6	56.8	53.0
				Uganda	45.3	39.0	40.9	45.1	47.2	54.3	57.2	54.4
				Zambia	48.4	37.5	42.8	45.2	52.5	64.1	56.1	49.9
		Fragile countries			42.3	42.8	42.1	41.0	41.1	44.7	42.9	43.0
			Including Zimbabwe		41.9	43.7	41.1	40.2	39.7	44.7	43.4	44.5
				Burundi	64.3	80.1	62.0	62.4	63.5	53.7	56.2	61.9
				Central African Republic	43.0	43.9	37.7	41.7	46.3	45.2	39.3	45.2
				Comoros	32.6	29.1	35.4	30.9	31.7	36.1	46.0	51.4
				Congo, Dem. Rep. of	28.9	18.5	23.6	25.9	29.9	46.7	43.8	39.9
				Côte d’Ivoire	56.9	60.6	57.2	56.2	53.6	56.9	53.6	55.0
				Eritrea	18.9	20.6	21.2	21.0	16.2	15.6	13.6	12.2
				Gambia, The	32.0	30.1	31.0	31.1	33.6	34.2	31.6	31.9
				Guinea	28.9	32.0	34.3	29.6	27.8	20.8	19.2	15.8
				Guinea-Bissau	11.2	5.2	6.5	11.5	14.2	18.9	22.6	28.8
				Liberia	36.8	35.8	33.0	36.6	38.7	40.0	42.3	45.2
				São Tomé & Príncipe	70.6	59.2	73.8	77.3	74.9	67.8	83.8	93.4
				Sierra Leone	23.6	23.7	21.0	21.0	23.2	28.9	32.0	32.7
				Togo	54.4	57.0	62.4	51.2	55.5	45.8	47.8	50.0
				Zimbabwe¹	34.2	55.2	27.8	26.9	16.5	44.7	51.7	74.9
Sub-Saharan Africa					75.7	71.5	73.8	74.0	78.3	80.9	80.2	74.2
			Median		49.7	46.8	48.7	50.1	49.0	53.7	54.9	54.3
	Including Zimbabwe				75.6	71.5	73.6	73.8	78.1	80.8	80.1	74.2
	Excluding Nigeria and South Africa				57.7	51.8	55.5	56.5	59.4	65.3	64.3	62.1
Oil-importing countries					82.7	78.5	81.0	82.9	83.8	87.3	84.3	78.5
	Excluding South Africa				63.2	55.4	60.6	61.8	65.2	73.1	70.1	66.5
CFA franc zone					51.5	51.1	52.5	51.0	48.8	54.0	52.1	50.7
	WAEMU				59.7	58.2	60.6	60.3	57.5	61.8	58.7	56.5
	CEMAC				43.2	44.0	44.3	41.6	40.1	46.2	45.5	44.8
EAC-5					53.6	50.7	51.4	51.4	53.8	60.8	62.6	59.1
SADC					85.5	84.7	84.6	86.7	86.0	85.5	86.0	80.8
SACU					101.7	101.3	101.1	103.4	101.9	100.6	99.2	91.3
COMESA					49.6	46.4	47.5	48.4	49.4	56.3	54.4	53.3
Resource-intensive countries					60.5	57.4	58.4	55.3	65.3	66.3	70.1	65.1
	Oil				60.7	56.7	57.9	54.6	66.5	67.7	71.9	66.1
	Non-oil resource-intensive countries				59.4	60.7	60.9	59.3	58.2	57.8	58.8	58.8
Non-resource-intensive countries					85.2	80.6	83.2	85.4	86.4	90.3	86.9	80.5
	Coastal Non-resource-intensive countries				95.4	90.6	93.4	95.6	97.2	100.5	97.5	89.9
	Landlocked Non-resource-intensive countries				45.8	41.2	43.3	46.3	45.7	52.5	50.4	49.0
MDRI					60.9	50.5	57.9	59.7	63.6	72.9	69.3	65.0
Fixed exchange rate regimes					55.3	54.6	56.9	54.8	53.0	57.1	55.3	53.8
Floating exchange rate					79.9	75.2	77.4	77.9	83.4	85.6	85.1	78.2

Sources: IMF, African Department database, April 1, 2011; and IMF, World Economic Outlook (WEO) database, April 1, 2011.

^{Table SA17.}

Exports of Goods and Services

(Percent of GDP)

Sources: IMF, African Department database, April 1, 2011; and IMF, World Economic Outlook (WEO) database, April 1, 2011.

^{Table SA17.}

Exports of Goods and Services

(Percent of GDP)

					2004-08	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012
Oil-exporting countries					51.9	49.4	54.2	51.5	51.3	53.1	43.7	45.1	49.2	48.0
	Excluding Nigeria				65.3	57.9	67.1	68.0	65.5	67.7	52.0	58.3	63.0	62.4
				Angola	78.4	75.6	86.1	80.0	74.1	76.4	54.9	61.2	65.9	66.3
				Cameroon	27.7	22.7	24.5	29.3	31.0	31.1	24.0	26.2	28.5	29.6
				Chad	54.5	51.6	55.5	56.4	54.7	54.0	43.2	51.8	54.7	48.2
				Congo, Rep. of	78.2	71.4	82.8	85.9	77.0	73.9	70.7	84.7	87.5	85.2
				Equatorial Guinea	85.0	90.1	87.4	86.8	81.9	78.8	69.7	70.0	71.0	68.3
				Gabon	63.6	62.2	64.7	62.2	62.1	66.6	57.9	62.0	67.8	65.5
				Nigeria	42.7	44.0	45.8	41.0	41.0	41.7	36.9	35.7	39.0	37.3
Middle-income countries					32.4	29.0	29.9	32.4	33.7	37.2	29.2	29.5	30.3	30.5
	Excluding South Africa				50.2	48.8	51.1	51.4	51.1	48.4	43.0	43.2	44.5	44.2
				Botswana	46.7	44.2	51.4	47.0	47.5	43.2	32.1	34.4	35.7	34.6
				Cape Verde	40.7	32.0	37.8	45.1	42.8	45.7	36.3	39.3	42.1	45.2
				Lesotho	56.1	62.7	51.9	53.6	55.2	56.8	44.3	42.4	41.3	43.3
				Mauritius	55.5	52.3	58.0	59.6	56.7	51.1	46.9	49.5	52.9	53.6
				Namibia	38.0	34.7	34.1	39.9	39.9	41.6	42.4	41.3	41.1	40.3
				Seychelles	85.5	71.8	77.5	84.5	85.8	107.8	105.2	91.9	103.5	103.3
				South Africa	30.2	26.4	27.4	30.0	31.5	35.6	27.4	27.9	28.5	28.8
				Swaziland	75.4	90.1	76.0	72.9	74.6	63.2	63.1	57.1	58.0	57.4
Low-income countries					27.0	25.9	26.1	27.3	28.0	27.8	25.6	28.9	33.7	33.5
		Excluding fragile countries			23.1	22.5	22.3	23.7	23.7	23.6	22.2	24.8	30.5	30.3
				Benin	14.8	14.1	12.4	13.2	16.8	17.6	16.5	17.0	20.2	17.7
				Burkina Faso	10.5	11.3	9.8	10.9	10.5	9.8	11.8	16.4	25.9	22.2
				Ethiopia	13.6	14.9	15.1	13.9	12.7	11.5	10.5	13.6	16.7	18.7
				Ghana	24.2	24.3	22.7	25.0	24.3	24.8	29.3	30.3	39.5	37.7
				Kenya	27.1	26.9	28.5	26.6	26.0	27.6	25.2	26.6	30.1	30.0
				Madagascar	29.3	32.6	26.9	29.9	30.5	26.5	22.6	24.8	37.2	38.3
				Malawi	22.3	20.6	20.2	19.3	25.8	25.6	22.2	26.2	25.5	24.5
				Mali	26.9	24.3	24.5	29.9	27.4	28.7	26.6	25.1	33.5	31.4
				Mozambique	33.7	30.9	31.7	38.4	35.4	32.3	27.4	30.6	32.6	30.8
				Niger	17.7	18.3	16.8	16.4	17.4	19.4	18.9	19.3	20.7	23.9
				Rwanda	12.5	13.1	12.6	11.2	11.1	14.6	10.2	10.4	12.1	12.6
				Senegal	26.3	27.1	27.0	25.6	25.5	26.3	24.1	24.5	26.4	26.4
				Tanzania	22.5	19.2	20.7	22.3	24.7	25.4	24.3	25.1	29.7	30.2
				Uganda	16.0	12.5	13.1	15.5	16.9	22.1	20.6	19.4	23.3	22.8
				Zambia	37.9	38.2	35.1	39.0	41.4	35.9	35.6	47.7	56.5	55.3
		Fragile countries			41.0	36.6	39.5	40.7	44.3	44.0	39.4	45.3	46.7	46.6
			Including Zimbabwe		40.6	…	38.6	40.2	43.6	43.8	38.5	44.9	46.8	46.8
				Burundi	9.9	9.6	11.5	10.1	9.5	9.0	7.3	9.1	8.4	8.6
				Central African Republic	13.1	13.8	12.8	14.2	14.1	10.8	9.8	10.4	11.6	12.0
				Comoros	14.4	15.1	14.1	14.2	14.7	14.0	13.2	13.8	14.5	14.9
				Congo, Dem. Rep. of	45.0	30.7	33.6	34.2	65.2	61.3	45.2	68.4	77.8	75.9
				Côte d’Ivoire	49.8	48.6	51.1	52.7	47.8	48.7	50.9	50.3	…	…
				Eritrea	5.8	5.8	6.2	6.9	5.8	4.4	4.5	4.7	13.3	17.1
				Gambia, The	29.8	34.2	32.2	33.2	27.8	21.8	23.3	22.6	21.6	21.1
				Guinea	33.5	23.5	33.8	40.7	30.2	39.3	25.1	29.1	34.0	35.4
				Guinea-Bissau	16.2	15.9	17.3	14.8	17.3	15.9	15.5	16.0	16.8	16.2
				Liberia	72.2	68.7	60.1	82.5	74.9	74.8	53.1	57.9	59.1	66.4
				São Tomé & Príncipe	12.5	14.1	13.9	13.7	9.3	11.6	11.0	11.7	12.7	14.1
				Sierra Leone	21.3	23.2	24.1	22.3	19.7	17.2	17.5	22.0	21.7	21.3
				Togo	37.9	38.6	40.0	38.2	39.2	33.3	36.4	37.0	37.2	36.6
				Zimbabwe¹	37.2	…	33.5	36.0	37.8	41.5	30.8	41.9	48.1	48.1
Sub-Saharan Africa					37.3	33.7	36.2	37.5	38.4	40.9	33.2	34.9	38.5	38.1
			Median		29.4	27.1	28.5	30.0	30.5	31.1	26.6	27.9	33.0	31.1
	Including Zimbabwe				37.3	…	36.2	37.5	38.4	40.9	33.1	34.9	38.6	38.2
	Excluding Nigeria and South Africa				41.1	36.8	40.4	42.1	42.4	43.6	35.4	39.8	45.3	44.9
Oil-importing countries					30.3	27.9	28.6	30.5	31.5	33.0	27.6	29.4	31.9	32.0
	Excluding South Africa				30.7	29.8	30.2	31.1	31.5	30.7	27.8	31.1	35.5	35.2
CFA franc zone					43.1	39.3	42.9	44.9	43.5	44.8	38.8	42.5	46.5	45.0
	WAEMU				31.4	31.3	31.5	32.3	30.7	31.0	31.0	31.3	32.5	31.9
	CEMAC				54.4	48.1	54.1	56.9	55.7	57.1	47.2	53.4	58.3	56.2
EAC-5					22.3	20.5	21.8	21.9	22.6	24.7	22.5	23.1	26.9	27.0
SADC					37.4	31.6	34.2	37.3	39.8	43.9	33.5	35.6	38.7	39.1
SACU					31.6	28.2	29.1	31.5	32.9	36.5	28.5	28.9	29.5	29.7
COMESA					29.8	29.0	29.1	29.2	31.6	30.0	25.4	31.2	36.9	37.0
Resource-intensive countries					50.3	47.5	52.2	50.4	50.0	51.4	43.1	44.8	48.4	47.4
	Oil				51.9	49.4	54.2	51.5	51.3	53.1	43.7	45.1	49.2	48.0
	Non-oil resource-intensive countries				43.2	41.2	44.1	45.1	43.2	42.3	40.2	43.0	44.1	43.9
Non-resource-intensive countries					28.7	26.3	26.9	28.7	30.1	31.8	26.2	27.9	30.5	30.5
	Coastal Non-resource-intensive countries				29.7	26.9	27.6	29.8	30.7	33.3	27.5	28.2	30.1	30.2
	Landlocked Non-resource-intensive countries				24.0	22.5	22.7	23.1	26.6	25.4	21.1	26.6	32.0	31.8
MDRI					26.6	24.2	24.9	27.4	28.6	28.2	24.9	29.7	36.1	35.5
Fixed exchange rate regimes					43.3	40.2	42.8	45.0	43.8	44.8	39.2	42.2	45.8	44.5
Floating exchange rate					36.1	32.3	34.9	36.0	37.3	40.0	31.9	33.5	37.1	36.9

Sources: IMF, African Department database, April 1, 2011; and IMF, World Economic Outlook (WEO) database, April 1, 2011.

^{Table SA17.}

Exports of Goods and Services

(Percent of GDP)

					2004-08	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012
Oil-exporting countries					51.9	49.4	54.2	51.5	51.3	53.1	43.7	45.1	49.2	48.0
	Excluding Nigeria				65.3	57.9	67.1	68.0	65.5	67.7	52.0	58.3	63.0	62.4
				Angola	78.4	75.6	86.1	80.0	74.1	76.4	54.9	61.2	65.9	66.3
				Cameroon	27.7	22.7	24.5	29.3	31.0	31.1	24.0	26.2	28.5	29.6
				Chad	54.5	51.6	55.5	56.4	54.7	54.0	43.2	51.8	54.7	48.2
				Congo, Rep. of	78.2	71.4	82.8	85.9	77.0	73.9	70.7	84.7	87.5	85.2
				Equatorial Guinea	85.0	90.1	87.4	86.8	81.9	78.8	69.7	70.0	71.0	68.3
				Gabon	63.6	62.2	64.7	62.2	62.1	66.6	57.9	62.0	67.8	65.5
				Nigeria	42.7	44.0	45.8	41.0	41.0	41.7	36.9	35.7	39.0	37.3
Middle-income countries					32.4	29.0	29.9	32.4	33.7	37.2	29.2	29.5	30.3	30.5
	Excluding South Africa				50.2	48.8	51.1	51.4	51.1	48.4	43.0	43.2	44.5	44.2
				Botswana	46.7	44.2	51.4	47.0	47.5	43.2	32.1	34.4	35.7	34.6
				Cape Verde	40.7	32.0	37.8	45.1	42.8	45.7	36.3	39.3	42.1	45.2
				Lesotho	56.1	62.7	51.9	53.6	55.2	56.8	44.3	42.4	41.3	43.3
				Mauritius	55.5	52.3	58.0	59.6	56.7	51.1	46.9	49.5	52.9	53.6
				Namibia	38.0	34.7	34.1	39.9	39.9	41.6	42.4	41.3	41.1	40.3
				Seychelles	85.5	71.8	77.5	84.5	85.8	107.8	105.2	91.9	103.5	103.3
				South Africa	30.2	26.4	27.4	30.0	31.5	35.6	27.4	27.9	28.5	28.8
				Swaziland	75.4	90.1	76.0	72.9	74.6	63.2	63.1	57.1	58.0	57.4
Low-income countries					27.0	25.9	26.1	27.3	28.0	27.8	25.6	28.9	33.7	33.5
		Excluding fragile countries			23.1	22.5	22.3	23.7	23.7	23.6	22.2	24.8	30.5	30.3
				Benin	14.8	14.1	12.4	13.2	16.8	17.6	16.5	17.0	20.2	17.7
				Burkina Faso	10.5	11.3	9.8	10.9	10.5	9.8	11.8	16.4	25.9	22.2
				Ethiopia	13.6	14.9	15.1	13.9	12.7	11.5	10.5	13.6	16.7	18.7
				Ghana	24.2	24.3	22.7	25.0	24.3	24.8	29.3	30.3	39.5	37.7
				Kenya	27.1	26.9	28.5	26.6	26.0	27.6	25.2	26.6	30.1	30.0
				Madagascar	29.3	32.6	26.9	29.9	30.5	26.5	22.6	24.8	37.2	38.3
				Malawi	22.3	20.6	20.2	19.3	25.8	25.6	22.2	26.2	25.5	24.5
				Mali	26.9	24.3	24.5	29.9	27.4	28.7	26.6	25.1	33.5	31.4
				Mozambique	33.7	30.9	31.7	38.4	35.4	32.3	27.4	30.6	32.6	30.8
				Niger	17.7	18.3	16.8	16.4	17.4	19.4	18.9	19.3	20.7	23.9
				Rwanda	12.5	13.1	12.6	11.2	11.1	14.6	10.2	10.4	12.1	12.6
				Senegal	26.3	27.1	27.0	25.6	25.5	26.3	24.1	24.5	26.4	26.4
				Tanzania	22.5	19.2	20.7	22.3	24.7	25.4	24.3	25.1	29.7	30.2
				Uganda	16.0	12.5	13.1	15.5	16.9	22.1	20.6	19.4	23.3	22.8
				Zambia	37.9	38.2	35.1	39.0	41.4	35.9	35.6	47.7	56.5	55.3
		Fragile countries			41.0	36.6	39.5	40.7	44.3	44.0	39.4	45.3	46.7	46.6
			Including Zimbabwe		40.6	…	38.6	40.2	43.6	43.8	38.5	44.9	46.8	46.8
				Burundi	9.9	9.6	11.5	10.1	9.5	9.0	7.3	9.1	8.4	8.6
				Central African Republic	13.1	13.8	12.8	14.2	14.1	10.8	9.8	10.4	11.6	12.0
				Comoros	14.4	15.1	14.1	14.2	14.7	14.0	13.2	13.8	14.5	14.9
				Congo, Dem. Rep. of	45.0	30.7	33.6	34.2	65.2	61.3	45.2	68.4	77.8	75.9
				Côte d’Ivoire	49.8	48.6	51.1	52.7	47.8	48.7	50.9	50.3	…	…
				Eritrea	5.8	5.8	6.2	6.9	5.8	4.4	4.5	4.7	13.3	17.1
				Gambia, The	29.8	34.2	32.2	33.2	27.8	21.8	23.3	22.6	21.6	21.1
				Guinea	33.5	23.5	33.8	40.7	30.2	39.3	25.1	29.1	34.0	35.4
				Guinea-Bissau	16.2	15.9	17.3	14.8	17.3	15.9	15.5	16.0	16.8	16.2
				Liberia	72.2	68.7	60.1	82.5	74.9	74.8	53.1	57.9	59.1	66.4
				São Tomé & Príncipe	12.5	14.1	13.9	13.7	9.3	11.6	11.0	11.7	12.7	14.1
				Sierra Leone	21.3	23.2	24.1	22.3	19.7	17.2	17.5	22.0	21.7	21.3
				Togo	37.9	38.6	40.0	38.2	39.2	33.3	36.4	37.0	37.2	36.6
				Zimbabwe¹	37.2	…	33.5	36.0	37.8	41.5	30.8	41.9	48.1	48.1
Sub-Saharan Africa					37.3	33.7	36.2	37.5	38.4	40.9	33.2	34.9	38.5	38.1
			Median		29.4	27.1	28.5	30.0	30.5	31.1	26.6	27.9	33.0	31.1
	Including Zimbabwe				37.3	…	36.2	37.5	38.4	40.9	33.1	34.9	38.6	38.2
	Excluding Nigeria and South Africa				41.1	36.8	40.4	42.1	42.4	43.6	35.4	39.8	45.3	44.9
Oil-importing countries					30.3	27.9	28.6	30.5	31.5	33.0	27.6	29.4	31.9	32.0
	Excluding South Africa				30.7	29.8	30.2	31.1	31.5	30.7	27.8	31.1	35.5	35.2
CFA franc zone					43.1	39.3	42.9	44.9	43.5	44.8	38.8	42.5	46.5	45.0
	WAEMU				31.4	31.3	31.5	32.3	30.7	31.0	31.0	31.3	32.5	31.9
	CEMAC				54.4	48.1	54.1	56.9	55.7	57.1	47.2	53.4	58.3	56.2
EAC-5					22.3	20.5	21.8	21.9	22.6	24.7	22.5	23.1	26.9	27.0
SADC					37.4	31.6	34.2	37.3	39.8	43.9	33.5	35.6	38.7	39.1
SACU					31.6	28.2	29.1	31.5	32.9	36.5	28.5	28.9	29.5	29.7
COMESA					29.8	29.0	29.1	29.2	31.6	30.0	25.4	31.2	36.9	37.0
Resource-intensive countries					50.3	47.5	52.2	50.4	50.0	51.4	43.1	44.8	48.4	47.4
	Oil				51.9	49.4	54.2	51.5	51.3	53.1	43.7	45.1	49.2	48.0
	Non-oil resource-intensive countries				43.2	41.2	44.1	45.1	43.2	42.3	40.2	43.0	44.1	43.9
Non-resource-intensive countries					28.7	26.3	26.9	28.7	30.1	31.8	26.2	27.9	30.5	30.5
	Coastal Non-resource-intensive countries				29.7	26.9	27.6	29.8	30.7	33.3	27.5	28.2	30.1	30.2
	Landlocked Non-resource-intensive countries				24.0	22.5	22.7	23.1	26.6	25.4	21.1	26.6	32.0	31.8
MDRI					26.6	24.2	24.9	27.4	28.6	28.2	24.9	29.7	36.1	35.5
Fixed exchange rate regimes					43.3	40.2	42.8	45.0	43.8	44.8	39.2	42.2	45.8	44.5
Floating exchange rate					36.1	32.3	34.9	36.0	37.3	40.0	31.9	33.5	37.1	36.9

Sources: IMF, African Department database, April 1, 2011; and IMF, World Economic Outlook (WEO) database, April 1, 2011.

Table SA18.

Imports of Goods and Services

(Percent of GDP)

Sources: IMF, African Department database, April 1, 2011; and IMF, World Economic Outlook (WEO) database, April 1, 2011.

Table SA18.

Imports of Goods and Services

(Percent of GDP)

					2004-08	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012
Oil-exporting countries					33.0	35.4	35.0	27.3	31.4	35.8	38.5	37.4	32.9	32.0
	Excluding Nigeria				40.9	43.6	42.0	36.2	38.9	44.0	50.6	48.7	43.9	42.6
				Angola	49.1	58.3	53.6	39.0	43.5	51.2	55.4	51.3	45.5	44.6
				Cameroon	28.3	24.5	26.4	27.7	29.5	33.1	28.9	30.7	32.3	33.2
				Chad	45.4	53.5	43.8	39.7	38.6	51.4	70.1	72.6	57.6	46.6
				Congo, Rep. of	48.6	46.3	46.7	49.4	53.5	47.0	51.0	50.7	48.6	46.6
				Equatorial Guinea	38.7	55.0	43.6	33.1	30.3	31.6	60.3	57.3	46.6	43.9
				Gabon	29.9	32.0	28.3	30.5	30.2	28.4	38.6	36.5	35.0	35.0
				Nigeria	27.5	30.3	30.3	21.7	26.0	29.5	28.6	29.4	24.9	24.1
Middle-income countries					34.4	29.5	30.5	34.6	36.5	41.1	31.8	31.2	34.0	34.1
	Excluding South Africa				53.6	51.0	52.4	52.0	54.3	58.2	58.4	56.6	57.6	56.1
				Botswana	35.2	36.5	34.6	30.7	35.4	38.8	43.4	39.6	38.5	35.9
				Cape Verde	73.1	69.6	66.6	72.7	77.8	78.9	68.5	67.3	76.5	76.0
				Lesotho	109.0	112.6	104.1	103.3	107.5	117.2	112.8	112.2	112.3	111.3
				Mauritius	64.2	54.6	63.8	70.5	66.6	65.3	57.3	62.5	68.6	67.1
				Namibia	40.7	38.2	37.2	37.5	40.9	49.7	53.4	48.1	49.0	50.4
				Seychelles	104.9	75.8	95.3	97.7	102.9	152.8	137.2	136.0	133.4	119.6
				South Africa	32.0	26.7	27.9	32.5	34.2	38.6	28.3	28.0	31.0	31.3
				Swaziland	86.5	91.7	91.0	85.7	85.5	78.6	79.5	77.1	72.7	69.0
Low-income countries					38.2	34.5	37.0	37.6	39.8	42.2	38.3	41.0	44.0	43.0
		Excluding fragile countries			35.9	32.8	34.5	35.5	37.0	39.7	36.6	38.6	42.4	41.3
				Benin	27.1	25.1	23.0	24.2	32.4	30.9	29.7	28.2	30.3	28.9
				Burkina Faso	25.2	25.6	25.3	24.2	24.7	26.2	22.5	25.8	34.3	34.4
				Ethiopia	32.8	28.9	35.5	36.6	32.1	31.1	28.7	33.2	39.3	41.1
				Ghana	40.2	37.3	38.5	40.6	40.7	44.0	42.3	44.4	46.6	43.4
				Kenya	36.8	32.9	36.0	36.3	37.1	41.8	38.3	41.7	46.8	45.8
				Madagascar	45.4	47.5	40.7	41.1	46.5	50.9	45.9	40.9	40.0	38.6
				Malawi	46.3	41.1	48.5	48.2	42.5	51.3	42.1	47.2	40.8	40.0
				Mali	35.9	32.6	33.4	35.1	35.6	43.0	34.6	34.1	38.1	37.6
				Mozambique	44.9	41.8	43.9	47.2	45.2	46.4	44.6	49.2	48.4	46.6
				Niger	31.3	29.4	31.1	29.5	29.9	36.3	49.5	57.1	47.8	37.0
				Rwanda	25.9	24.6	24.7	25.1	25.2	29.9	29.6	29.0	33.2	28.6
				Senegal	45.2	39.8	42.4	43.1	47.8	52.8	44.1	44.1	49.0	47.5
				Tanzania	32.5	24.9	28.1	32.7	37.4	39.6	37.6	36.5	42.4	43.1
				Uganda	26.6	22.1	23.9	26.8	27.9	32.1	34.1	33.8	39.8	37.5
				Zambia	37.2	42.6	36.7	30.1	39.2	37.4	32.2	34.9	38.0	39.3
		Fragile countries			46.6	40.0	45.7	45.3	50.1	51.7	45.0	50.7	50.9	49.8
			Including Zimbabwe		46.7	…	45.2	45.5	49.7	53.0	46.8	52.6	53.3	52.1
				Burundi	48.2	33.9	40.6	48.6	58.1	59.9	48.0	49.0	47.0	41.0
				Central African Republic	22.1	20.3	20.8	21.9	23.5	23.9	21.3	23.6	23.4	23.3
				Comoros	39.4	33.0	35.8	38.6	41.3	48.4	47.9	49.6	48.1	47.0
				Congo, Dem. Rep. of	53.0	34.4	45.2	40.7	68.6	76.4	60.9	77.0	77.1	72.9
				Côte d’Ivoire	41.7	39.4	43.6	42.4	41.9	41.2	38.9	39.4	…	…
				Eritrea	41.6	59.8	54.9	38.4	28.8	26.1	23.4	23.3	23.4	22.9
				Gambia, The	44.3	48.8	48.7	46.4	40.4	37.1	38.0	38.7	38.4	38.8
				Guinea	36.0	25.8	35.1	42.6	36.4	40.1	31.4	37.2	42.7	44.0
				Guinea-Bissau	28.4	24.3	26.5	30.1	31.0	29.9	31.8	29.4	30.3	28.9
				Liberia	239.3	214.8	214.6	284.1	236.1	246.7	185.3	194.6	178.8	190.8
				São Tomé & Príncipe	61.4	51.8	52.9	71.2	64.1	67.0	58.1	64.3	74.1	70.9
				Sierra Leone	32.6	34.4	37.3	32.0	28.7	30.5	30.9	34.8	35.9	34.8
				Togo	56.6	57.9	58.7	56.1	58.0	52.5	52.3	54.4	55.7	54.2
				Zimbabwe¹	51.0	…	42.5	46.9	46.4	68.1	62.7	66.4	69.2	66.9
Sub-Saharan Africa					34.7	32.4	33.5	32.9	35.6	39.3	36.0	36.0	36.1	35.5
			Median		39.1	37.3	38.5	38.6	39.2	41.8	42.3	41.7	44.1	42.1
	Including Zimbabwe				34.8	…	33.6	33.0	35.6	39.4	36.2	36.2	36.3	35.8
	Excluding Nigeria and South Africa				40.7	38.9	40.2	38.9	41.0	44.4	44.1	45.3	45.6	44.3
Oil-importing countries					36.0	31.3	33.0	35.9	37.9	41.8	35.0	35.5	38.5	38.2
	Excluding South Africa				40.7	37.3	39.5	40.0	42.0	44.6	41.2	43.7	46.5	45.3
CFA franc zone					36.4	35.8	36.0	35.4	36.4	38.1	40.8	41.8	40.8	39.1
	WAEMU				38.1	35.7	37.7	37.2	39.1	40.9	37.7	38.7	40.0	38.6
	CEMAC				34.7	35.9	34.4	33.7	33.9	35.7	44.1	44.8	41.4	39.5
EAC-5					33.0	27.8	30.5	33.0	34.9	38.7	36.7	37.7	43.2	42.2
SADC					36.7	31.9	33.3	35.5	38.6	44.1	37.4	36.5	38.2	38.2
SACU					33.3	28.5	29.3	33.4	35.3	39.8	30.6	30.0	32.7	32.9
COMESA					41.7	38.1	41.0	40.5	43.0	45.7	40.6	44.9	48.8	47.5
Resource-intensive countries					34.0	35.9	35.7	28.9	32.7	36.5	38.7	37.8	33.9	33.1
	Oil				33.0	35.4	35.0	27.3	31.4	35.8	38.5	37.4	32.9	32.0
	Non-oil resource-intensive countries				38.4	37.6	38.7	36.2	39.1	40.6	39.7	39.6	39.9	40.0
Non-resource-intensive countries					35.4	30.2	32.0	35.5	37.4	41.6	34.2	34.8	38.1	37.8
	Coastal Non-resource-intensive countries				34.7	29.6	30.9	35.0	36.9	41.2	32.9	32.6	35.8	35.8
	Landlocked Non-resource-intensive countries				38.7	34.1	37.9	38.1	40.3	43.2	39.3	44.8	48.5	46.7
MDRI					36.3	32.3	34.4	35.5	38.6	40.9	37.3	40.0	43.0	41.8
Fixed exchange rate regimes					39.7	39.5	39.4	38.8	39.6	41.2	43.8	44.7	43.5	42.1
Floating exchange rate					33.7	30.9	32.3	31.8	34.8	38.9	34.4	34.4	34.7	34.3

Sources: IMF, African Department database, April 1, 2011; and IMF, World Economic Outlook (WEO) database, April 1, 2011.

Table SA18.

Imports of Goods and Services

(Percent of GDP)

					2004-08	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012
Oil-exporting countries					33.0	35.4	35.0	27.3	31.4	35.8	38.5	37.4	32.9	32.0
	Excluding Nigeria				40.9	43.6	42.0	36.2	38.9	44.0	50.6	48.7	43.9	42.6
				Angola	49.1	58.3	53.6	39.0	43.5	51.2	55.4	51.3	45.5	44.6
				Cameroon	28.3	24.5	26.4	27.7	29.5	33.1	28.9	30.7	32.3	33.2
				Chad	45.4	53.5	43.8	39.7	38.6	51.4	70.1	72.6	57.6	46.6
				Congo, Rep. of	48.6	46.3	46.7	49.4	53.5	47.0	51.0	50.7	48.6	46.6
				Equatorial Guinea	38.7	55.0	43.6	33.1	30.3	31.6	60.3	57.3	46.6	43.9
				Gabon	29.9	32.0	28.3	30.5	30.2	28.4	38.6	36.5	35.0	35.0
				Nigeria	27.5	30.3	30.3	21.7	26.0	29.5	28.6	29.4	24.9	24.1
Middle-income countries					34.4	29.5	30.5	34.6	36.5	41.1	31.8	31.2	34.0	34.1
	Excluding South Africa				53.6	51.0	52.4	52.0	54.3	58.2	58.4	56.6	57.6	56.1
				Botswana	35.2	36.5	34.6	30.7	35.4	38.8	43.4	39.6	38.5	35.9
				Cape Verde	73.1	69.6	66.6	72.7	77.8	78.9	68.5	67.3	76.5	76.0
				Lesotho	109.0	112.6	104.1	103.3	107.5	117.2	112.8	112.2	112.3	111.3
				Mauritius	64.2	54.6	63.8	70.5	66.6	65.3	57.3	62.5	68.6	67.1
				Namibia	40.7	38.2	37.2	37.5	40.9	49.7	53.4	48.1	49.0	50.4
				Seychelles	104.9	75.8	95.3	97.7	102.9	152.8	137.2	136.0	133.4	119.6
				South Africa	32.0	26.7	27.9	32.5	34.2	38.6	28.3	28.0	31.0	31.3
				Swaziland	86.5	91.7	91.0	85.7	85.5	78.6	79.5	77.1	72.7	69.0
Low-income countries					38.2	34.5	37.0	37.6	39.8	42.2	38.3	41.0	44.0	43.0
		Excluding fragile countries			35.9	32.8	34.5	35.5	37.0	39.7	36.6	38.6	42.4	41.3
				Benin	27.1	25.1	23.0	24.2	32.4	30.9	29.7	28.2	30.3	28.9
				Burkina Faso	25.2	25.6	25.3	24.2	24.7	26.2	22.5	25.8	34.3	34.4
				Ethiopia	32.8	28.9	35.5	36.6	32.1	31.1	28.7	33.2	39.3	41.1
				Ghana	40.2	37.3	38.5	40.6	40.7	44.0	42.3	44.4	46.6	43.4
				Kenya	36.8	32.9	36.0	36.3	37.1	41.8	38.3	41.7	46.8	45.8
				Madagascar	45.4	47.5	40.7	41.1	46.5	50.9	45.9	40.9	40.0	38.6
				Malawi	46.3	41.1	48.5	48.2	42.5	51.3	42.1	47.2	40.8	40.0
				Mali	35.9	32.6	33.4	35.1	35.6	43.0	34.6	34.1	38.1	37.6
				Mozambique	44.9	41.8	43.9	47.2	45.2	46.4	44.6	49.2	48.4	46.6
				Niger	31.3	29.4	31.1	29.5	29.9	36.3	49.5	57.1	47.8	37.0
				Rwanda	25.9	24.6	24.7	25.1	25.2	29.9	29.6	29.0	33.2	28.6
				Senegal	45.2	39.8	42.4	43.1	47.8	52.8	44.1	44.1	49.0	47.5
				Tanzania	32.5	24.9	28.1	32.7	37.4	39.6	37.6	36.5	42.4	43.1
				Uganda	26.6	22.1	23.9	26.8	27.9	32.1	34.1	33.8	39.8	37.5
				Zambia	37.2	42.6	36.7	30.1	39.2	37.4	32.2	34.9	38.0	39.3
		Fragile countries			46.6	40.0	45.7	45.3	50.1	51.7	45.0	50.7	50.9	49.8
			Including Zimbabwe		46.7	…	45.2	45.5	49.7	53.0	46.8	52.6	53.3	52.1
				Burundi	48.2	33.9	40.6	48.6	58.1	59.9	48.0	49.0	47.0	41.0
				Central African Republic	22.1	20.3	20.8	21.9	23.5	23.9	21.3	23.6	23.4	23.3
				Comoros	39.4	33.0	35.8	38.6	41.3	48.4	47.9	49.6	48.1	47.0
				Congo, Dem. Rep. of	53.0	34.4	45.2	40.7	68.6	76.4	60.9	77.0	77.1	72.9
				Côte d’Ivoire	41.7	39.4	43.6	42.4	41.9	41.2	38.9	39.4	…	…
				Eritrea	41.6	59.8	54.9	38.4	28.8	26.1	23.4	23.3	23.4	22.9
				Gambia, The	44.3	48.8	48.7	46.4	40.4	37.1	38.0	38.7	38.4	38.8
				Guinea	36.0	25.8	35.1	42.6	36.4	40.1	31.4	37.2	42.7	44.0
				Guinea-Bissau	28.4	24.3	26.5	30.1	31.0	29.9	31.8	29.4	30.3	28.9
				Liberia	239.3	214.8	214.6	284.1	236.1	246.7	185.3	194.6	178.8	190.8
				São Tomé & Príncipe	61.4	51.8	52.9	71.2	64.1	67.0	58.1	64.3	74.1	70.9
				Sierra Leone	32.6	34.4	37.3	32.0	28.7	30.5	30.9	34.8	35.9	34.8
				Togo	56.6	57.9	58.7	56.1	58.0	52.5	52.3	54.4	55.7	54.2
				Zimbabwe¹	51.0	…	42.5	46.9	46.4	68.1	62.7	66.4	69.2	66.9
Sub-Saharan Africa					34.7	32.4	33.5	32.9	35.6	39.3	36.0	36.0	36.1	35.5
			Median		39.1	37.3	38.5	38.6	39.2	41.8	42.3	41.7	44.1	42.1
	Including Zimbabwe				34.8	…	33.6	33.0	35.6	39.4	36.2	36.2	36.3	35.8
	Excluding Nigeria and South Africa				40.7	38.9	40.2	38.9	41.0	44.4	44.1	45.3	45.6	44.3
Oil-importing countries					36.0	31.3	33.0	35.9	37.9	41.8	35.0	35.5	38.5	38.2
	Excluding South Africa				40.7	37.3	39.5	40.0	42.0	44.6	41.2	43.7	46.5	45.3
CFA franc zone					36.4	35.8	36.0	35.4	36.4	38.1	40.8	41.8	40.8	39.1
	WAEMU				38.1	35.7	37.7	37.2	39.1	40.9	37.7	38.7	40.0	38.6
	CEMAC				34.7	35.9	34.4	33.7	33.9	35.7	44.1	44.8	41.4	39.5
EAC-5					33.0	27.8	30.5	33.0	34.9	38.7	36.7	37.7	43.2	42.2
SADC					36.7	31.9	33.3	35.5	38.6	44.1	37.4	36.5	38.2	38.2
SACU					33.3	28.5	29.3	33.4	35.3	39.8	30.6	30.0	32.7	32.9
COMESA					41.7	38.1	41.0	40.5	43.0	45.7	40.6	44.9	48.8	47.5
Resource-intensive countries					34.0	35.9	35.7	28.9	32.7	36.5	38.7	37.8	33.9	33.1
	Oil				33.0	35.4	35.0	27.3	31.4	35.8	38.5	37.4	32.9	32.0
	Non-oil resource-intensive countries				38.4	37.6	38.7	36.2	39.1	40.6	39.7	39.6	39.9	40.0
Non-resource-intensive countries					35.4	30.2	32.0	35.5	37.4	41.6	34.2	34.8	38.1	37.8
	Coastal Non-resource-intensive countries				34.7	29.6	30.9	35.0	36.9	41.2	32.9	32.6	35.8	35.8
	Landlocked Non-resource-intensive countries				38.7	34.1	37.9	38.1	40.3	43.2	39.3	44.8	48.5	46.7
MDRI					36.3	32.3	34.4	35.5	38.6	40.9	37.3	40.0	43.0	41.8
Fixed exchange rate regimes					39.7	39.5	39.4	38.8	39.6	41.2	43.8	44.7	43.5	42.1
Floating exchange rate					33.7	30.9	32.3	31.8	34.8	38.9	34.4	34.4	34.7	34.3

Sources: IMF, African Department database, April 1, 2011; and IMF, World Economic Outlook (WEO) database, April 1, 2011.

Table SA19.

Trade Balance

(Percent of GDP)

Sources: IMF, African Department database, April 1, 2011; and IMF, World Economic Outlook (WEO) database, April 1, 2011.

Table SA19.

Trade Balance

(Percent of GDP)

					2004-08	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012
Oil-exporting countries					29.9	24.8	29.9	32.0	31.2	31.4	18.9	20.4	26.3	26.6
	Excluding Nigeria				40.6	31.4	41.9	44.6	42.6	42.7	20.7	27.3	35.1	35.4
				Angola	51.0	41.9	55.8	55.4	50.9	51.0	24.1	31.5	39.2	39.7
				Cameroon	1.9	0.0	0.3	3.7	3.4	1.9	-1.5	-0.3	0.4	0.8
				Chad	38.0	35.0	42.2	44.6	42.9	25.6	0.5	6.1	22.8	26.8
				Congo, Rep. of	51.1	46.4	57.8	58.2	47.4	45.9	41.0	52.9	54.7	53.3
				Equatorial Guinea	61.0	59.0	60.8	65.3	62.7	57.3	24.2	27.6	37.5	37.0
				Gabon	44.7	41.9	47.4	41.9	42.8	49.6	33.2	37.7	45.7	43.4
				Nigeria	22.4	20.6	22.0	23.9	22.9	22.7	17.4	15.4	19.7	20.1
Middle-income countries					-1.5	-0.5	-0.4	-1.7	-2.2	-2.7	-1.5	-0.4	-2.0	-2.0
	Excluding South Africa				-5.0	-3.7	-2.8	-2.3	-5.7	-10.4	-14.2	-12.3	-12.7	-12.2
				Botswana	11.9	8.3	17.1	16.9	13.1	3.9	-5.6	0.2	1.7	2.8
				Cape Verde	-43.5	-41.0	-35.9	-41.7	-49.6	-49.0	-42.7	-41.3	-45.8	-45.1
				Lesotho	-46.8	-48.0	-48.5	-47.2	-50.1	-40.2	-47.5	-48.2	-49.3	-46.5
				Mauritius	-15.2	-8.8	-12.3	-16.2	-18.0	-20.6	-17.5	-20.1	-23.9	-22.8
				Namibia	-3.3	-4.3	-3.7	1.2	-2.0	-7.6	-11.2	-7.7	-8.8	-11.0
				Seychelles	-33.5	-17.8	-32.2	-28.5	-33.6	-55.4	-44.6	-50.0	-39.7	-30.1
				South Africa	-1.0	-0.1	-0.1	-1.7	-1.8	-1.6	0.1	1.1	-0.7	-0.7
				Swaziland	-5.0	4.0	-10.2	-9.4	-9.2	-0.3	-4.1	-11.0	-7.3	-5.3
Low-income countries					-8.6	-6.1	-8.5	-7.9	-9.1	-11.4	-9.6	-8.8	-7.3	-6.8
		Excluding fragile countries			-11.8	-9.4	-11.4	-11.1	-12.5	-14.8	-12.7	-11.8	-10.1	-9.6
				Benin	-11.6	-9.7	-9.3	-11.2	-14.3	-13.6	-11.1	-10.3	-9.9	-11.5
				Burkina Faso	-9.5	-9.6	-10.2	-8.0	-8.8	-10.9	-5.8	-3.8	-1.2	-4.7
				Ethiopia	-20.7	-17.1	-22.6	-23.7	-20.2	-20.1	-19.5	-21.3	-24.2	-24.7
				Ghana	-14.7	-10.5	-14.8	-14.8	-15.7	-17.5	-8.5	-9.0	-2.8	-1.6
				Kenya	-14.1	-10.1	-11.4	-14.5	-15.7	-18.8	-17.0	-19.6	-22.4	-22.4
				Madagascar	-13.1	-10.2	-11.5	-9.9	-13.6	-20.2	-19.4	-13.1	1.9	6.1
				Malawi	-17.4	-14.1	-20.9	-22.3	-10.5	-19.1	-14.1	-14.6	-9.4	-9.6
				Mali	-3.1	-2.5	-3.1	0.7	-2.5	-7.8	-3.0	-3.3	2.4	0.9
				Mozambique	-6.4	-6.1	-7.6	-3.7	-4.9	-10.0	-12.7	-14.3	-11.2	-11.2
				Niger	-6.9	-5.3	-8.7	-6.6	-5.9	-8.1	-14.1	-18.1	-11.9	-2.6
				Rwanda	-10.2	-8.5	-8.8	-9.6	-10.8	-13.1	-16.0	-15.3	-18.1	-14.2
				Senegal	-18.4	-12.3	-15.1	-17.1	-22.1	-25.6	-19.3	-18.9	-22.0	-20.8
				Tanzania	-11.7	-7.3	-8.2	-11.4	-15.1	-16.3	-14.1	-12.4	-13.7	-14.0
				Uganda	-8.3	-8.5	-9.1	-9.3	-8.4	-6.3	-10.7	-10.1	-12.5	-10.5
				Zambia	4.7	-0.5	1.2	12.2	7.8	2.8	7.1	16.7	22.5	20.1
		Fragile countries			3.0	4.2	1.5	3.8	3.5	1.9	2.5	3.6	4.0	4.8
			Including Zimbabwe		1.9	…	0.3	2.3	2.5	0.0	-0.5	1.0	1.2	2.2
				Burundi	-21.0	-15.2	-16.6	-20.2	-25.6	-27.6	-17.6	-19.8	-23.6	-19.6
				Central African Republic	-4.1	-1.4	-3.5	-3.1	-4.3	-8.2	-6.9	-7.8	-6.6	-6.1
				Comoros	-23.2	-16.4	-20.8	-22.4	-24.6	-31.9	-29.4	-31.0	-29.7	-28.9
				Congo, Dem. Rep. of	0.4	1.2	-5.6	-1.2	8.8	-1.1	-5.2	4.0	12.6	14.1
				Côte d’Ivoire	15.2	16.6	14.6	17.5	12.9	14.2	18.7	17.6	…	…
				Eritrea	-33.9	-49.6	-44.2	-29.2	-24.2	-22.0	-19.9	-19.6	-11.4	-6.5
				Gambia, The	-20.7	-18.3	-22.4	-20.7	-20.6	-21.4	-20.6	-20.5	-21.8	-23.0
				Guinea	4.1	3.1	5.4	5.6	-0.3	6.6	-0.6	-0.6	-2.4	-2.1
				Guinea-Bissau	-6.2	-1.4	-2.9	-9.1	-8.7	-9.1	-10.2	-8.7	-8.7	-8.0
				Liberia	-39.9	-24.8	-35.9	-46.3	-39.3	-53.4	-47.9	-49.1	-54.4	-58.6
				São Tomé & Príncipe	-37.9	-28.3	-30.4	-41.3	-41.8	-47.6	-39.6	-44.2	-50.3	-46.0
				Sierra Leone	-8.6	-8.3	-12.2	-6.6	-5.7	-10.0	-10.1	-8.0	-9.4	-8.6
				Togo	-15.6	-14.7	-15.1	-15.0	-16.1	-16.8	-13.3	-14.6	-15.5	-14.7
				Zimbabwe¹	-10.9	…	-7.1	-8.7	-5.9	-21.9	-27.4	-18.6	-16.5	-14.4
Sub-Saharan Africa					7.1	4.9	6.6	8.0	7.6	8.3	3.1	4.8	7.6	7.9
			Median		-9.1	-8.3	-9.1	-9.3	-8.8	-10.0	-11.1	-10.3	-9.4	-8.3
	Including Zimbabwe				7.0	…	6.5	7.9	7.6	8.2	2.9	4.6	7.5	7.8
	Excluding Nigeria and South Africa				6.7	3.5	6.1	8.3	7.9	7.5	-0.8	2.4	7.2	7.5
Oil-importing countries					-4.3	-2.5	-3.4	-4.1	-5.0	-6.7	-5.4	-4.0	-4.3	-4.2
	Excluding South Africa				-8.1	-5.7	-7.6	-7.1	-8.6	-11.4	-10.5	-9.5	-8.3	-7.7
CFA franc zone					15.0	12.2	15.4	17.6	15.2	14.8	6.9	9.9	14.8	14.6
	WAEMU				-2.1	0.4	-1.5	-0.3	-3.8	-5.2	-1.5	-1.9	-2.2	-1.7
	CEMAC				31.6	25.4	32.3	34.6	33.1	32.5	15.8	21.4	29.1	28.6
EAC-5					-12.1	-8.9	-9.9	-12.4	-13.9	-15.3	-14.7	-15.2	-17.7	-17.2
SADC					4.0	1.6	3.2	4.1	4.9	5.9	1.3	3.8	5.6	6.0
SACU					-0.9	-0.1	0.1	-1.1	-1.5	-1.7	-0.8	0.4	-1.2	-1.2
COMESA					-11.5	-9.4	-12.0	-11.2	-10.7	-14.1	-14.2	-12.3	-10.9	-10.2
Resource-intensive countries					26.0	20.8	25.8	28.5	27.3	27.4	16.5	18.4	23.7	23.9
	Oil				29.9	24.8	29.9	32.0	31.2	31.4	18.9	20.4	26.3	26.6
	Non-oil resource-intensive countries				8.5	7.4	8.8	12.4	8.2	5.5	5.1	7.9	8.3	7.9
Non-resource-intensive countries					-5.8	-3.6	-4.7	-6.0	-6.5	-8.2	-6.5	-5.2	-5.7	-5.5
	Coastal Non-resource-intensive countries				-4.8	-2.7	-3.3	-4.9	-5.9	-7.2	-4.7	-3.6	-4.6	-4.5
	Landlocked Non-resource-intensive countries				-10.9	-8.9	-12.2	-11.7	-9.5	-12.4	-13.7	-12.7	-11.0	-10.1
MDRI					-6.4	-5.3	-6.6	-5.0	-6.4	-8.7	-8.4	-5.9	-2.4	-2.1
Fixed exchange rate regimes					11.8	9.0	11.7	14.1	12.0	12.0	4.1	6.5	10.9	10.7
Floating exchange rate					6.1	4.0	5.6	6.8	6.8	7.5	2.9	4.4	7.0	7.4

Sources: IMF, African Department database, April 1, 2011; and IMF, World Economic Outlook (WEO) database, April 1, 2011.

Table SA19.

Trade Balance

(Percent of GDP)

					2004-08	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012
Oil-exporting countries					29.9	24.8	29.9	32.0	31.2	31.4	18.9	20.4	26.3	26.6
	Excluding Nigeria				40.6	31.4	41.9	44.6	42.6	42.7	20.7	27.3	35.1	35.4
				Angola	51.0	41.9	55.8	55.4	50.9	51.0	24.1	31.5	39.2	39.7
				Cameroon	1.9	0.0	0.3	3.7	3.4	1.9	-1.5	-0.3	0.4	0.8
				Chad	38.0	35.0	42.2	44.6	42.9	25.6	0.5	6.1	22.8	26.8
				Congo, Rep. of	51.1	46.4	57.8	58.2	47.4	45.9	41.0	52.9	54.7	53.3
				Equatorial Guinea	61.0	59.0	60.8	65.3	62.7	57.3	24.2	27.6	37.5	37.0
				Gabon	44.7	41.9	47.4	41.9	42.8	49.6	33.2	37.7	45.7	43.4
				Nigeria	22.4	20.6	22.0	23.9	22.9	22.7	17.4	15.4	19.7	20.1
Middle-income countries					-1.5	-0.5	-0.4	-1.7	-2.2	-2.7	-1.5	-0.4	-2.0	-2.0
	Excluding South Africa				-5.0	-3.7	-2.8	-2.3	-5.7	-10.4	-14.2	-12.3	-12.7	-12.2
				Botswana	11.9	8.3	17.1	16.9	13.1	3.9	-5.6	0.2	1.7	2.8
				Cape Verde	-43.5	-41.0	-35.9	-41.7	-49.6	-49.0	-42.7	-41.3	-45.8	-45.1
				Lesotho	-46.8	-48.0	-48.5	-47.2	-50.1	-40.2	-47.5	-48.2	-49.3	-46.5
				Mauritius	-15.2	-8.8	-12.3	-16.2	-18.0	-20.6	-17.5	-20.1	-23.9	-22.8
				Namibia	-3.3	-4.3	-3.7	1.2	-2.0	-7.6	-11.2	-7.7	-8.8	-11.0
				Seychelles	-33.5	-17.8	-32.2	-28.5	-33.6	-55.4	-44.6	-50.0	-39.7	-30.1
				South Africa	-1.0	-0.1	-0.1	-1.7	-1.8	-1.6	0.1	1.1	-0.7	-0.7
				Swaziland	-5.0	4.0	-10.2	-9.4	-9.2	-0.3	-4.1	-11.0	-7.3	-5.3
Low-income countries					-8.6	-6.1	-8.5	-7.9	-9.1	-11.4	-9.6	-8.8	-7.3	-6.8
		Excluding fragile countries			-11.8	-9.4	-11.4	-11.1	-12.5	-14.8	-12.7	-11.8	-10.1	-9.6
				Benin	-11.6	-9.7	-9.3	-11.2	-14.3	-13.6	-11.1	-10.3	-9.9	-11.5
				Burkina Faso	-9.5	-9.6	-10.2	-8.0	-8.8	-10.9	-5.8	-3.8	-1.2	-4.7
				Ethiopia	-20.7	-17.1	-22.6	-23.7	-20.2	-20.1	-19.5	-21.3	-24.2	-24.7
				Ghana	-14.7	-10.5	-14.8	-14.8	-15.7	-17.5	-8.5	-9.0	-2.8	-1.6
				Kenya	-14.1	-10.1	-11.4	-14.5	-15.7	-18.8	-17.0	-19.6	-22.4	-22.4
				Madagascar	-13.1	-10.2	-11.5	-9.9	-13.6	-20.2	-19.4	-13.1	1.9	6.1
				Malawi	-17.4	-14.1	-20.9	-22.3	-10.5	-19.1	-14.1	-14.6	-9.4	-9.6
				Mali	-3.1	-2.5	-3.1	0.7	-2.5	-7.8	-3.0	-3.3	2.4	0.9
				Mozambique	-6.4	-6.1	-7.6	-3.7	-4.9	-10.0	-12.7	-14.3	-11.2	-11.2
				Niger	-6.9	-5.3	-8.7	-6.6	-5.9	-8.1	-14.1	-18.1	-11.9	-2.6
				Rwanda	-10.2	-8.5	-8.8	-9.6	-10.8	-13.1	-16.0	-15.3	-18.1	-14.2
				Senegal	-18.4	-12.3	-15.1	-17.1	-22.1	-25.6	-19.3	-18.9	-22.0	-20.8
				Tanzania	-11.7	-7.3	-8.2	-11.4	-15.1	-16.3	-14.1	-12.4	-13.7	-14.0
				Uganda	-8.3	-8.5	-9.1	-9.3	-8.4	-6.3	-10.7	-10.1	-12.5	-10.5
				Zambia	4.7	-0.5	1.2	12.2	7.8	2.8	7.1	16.7	22.5	20.1
		Fragile countries			3.0	4.2	1.5	3.8	3.5	1.9	2.5	3.6	4.0	4.8
			Including Zimbabwe		1.9	…	0.3	2.3	2.5	0.0	-0.5	1.0	1.2	2.2
				Burundi	-21.0	-15.2	-16.6	-20.2	-25.6	-27.6	-17.6	-19.8	-23.6	-19.6
				Central African Republic	-4.1	-1.4	-3.5	-3.1	-4.3	-8.2	-6.9	-7.8	-6.6	-6.1
				Comoros	-23.2	-16.4	-20.8	-22.4	-24.6	-31.9	-29.4	-31.0	-29.7	-28.9
				Congo, Dem. Rep. of	0.4	1.2	-5.6	-1.2	8.8	-1.1	-5.2	4.0	12.6	14.1
				Côte d’Ivoire	15.2	16.6	14.6	17.5	12.9	14.2	18.7	17.6	…	…
				Eritrea	-33.9	-49.6	-44.2	-29.2	-24.2	-22.0	-19.9	-19.6	-11.4	-6.5
				Gambia, The	-20.7	-18.3	-22.4	-20.7	-20.6	-21.4	-20.6	-20.5	-21.8	-23.0
				Guinea	4.1	3.1	5.4	5.6	-0.3	6.6	-0.6	-0.6	-2.4	-2.1
				Guinea-Bissau	-6.2	-1.4	-2.9	-9.1	-8.7	-9.1	-10.2	-8.7	-8.7	-8.0
				Liberia	-39.9	-24.8	-35.9	-46.3	-39.3	-53.4	-47.9	-49.1	-54.4	-58.6
				São Tomé & Príncipe	-37.9	-28.3	-30.4	-41.3	-41.8	-47.6	-39.6	-44.2	-50.3	-46.0
				Sierra Leone	-8.6	-8.3	-12.2	-6.6	-5.7	-10.0	-10.1	-8.0	-9.4	-8.6
				Togo	-15.6	-14.7	-15.1	-15.0	-16.1	-16.8	-13.3	-14.6	-15.5	-14.7
				Zimbabwe¹	-10.9	…	-7.1	-8.7	-5.9	-21.9	-27.4	-18.6	-16.5	-14.4
Sub-Saharan Africa					7.1	4.9	6.6	8.0	7.6	8.3	3.1	4.8	7.6	7.9
			Median		-9.1	-8.3	-9.1	-9.3	-8.8	-10.0	-11.1	-10.3	-9.4	-8.3
	Including Zimbabwe				7.0	…	6.5	7.9	7.6	8.2	2.9	4.6	7.5	7.8
	Excluding Nigeria and South Africa				6.7	3.5	6.1	8.3	7.9	7.5	-0.8	2.4	7.2	7.5
Oil-importing countries					-4.3	-2.5	-3.4	-4.1	-5.0	-6.7	-5.4	-4.0	-4.3	-4.2
	Excluding South Africa				-8.1	-5.7	-7.6	-7.1	-8.6	-11.4	-10.5	-9.5	-8.3	-7.7
CFA franc zone					15.0	12.2	15.4	17.6	15.2	14.8	6.9	9.9	14.8	14.6
	WAEMU				-2.1	0.4	-1.5	-0.3	-3.8	-5.2	-1.5	-1.9	-2.2	-1.7
	CEMAC				31.6	25.4	32.3	34.6	33.1	32.5	15.8	21.4	29.1	28.6
EAC-5					-12.1	-8.9	-9.9	-12.4	-13.9	-15.3	-14.7	-15.2	-17.7	-17.2
SADC					4.0	1.6	3.2	4.1	4.9	5.9	1.3	3.8	5.6	6.0
SACU					-0.9	-0.1	0.1	-1.1	-1.5	-1.7	-0.8	0.4	-1.2	-1.2
COMESA					-11.5	-9.4	-12.0	-11.2	-10.7	-14.1	-14.2	-12.3	-10.9	-10.2
Resource-intensive countries					26.0	20.8	25.8	28.5	27.3	27.4	16.5	18.4	23.7	23.9
	Oil				29.9	24.8	29.9	32.0	31.2	31.4	18.9	20.4	26.3	26.6
	Non-oil resource-intensive countries				8.5	7.4	8.8	12.4	8.2	5.5	5.1	7.9	8.3	7.9
Non-resource-intensive countries					-5.8	-3.6	-4.7	-6.0	-6.5	-8.2	-6.5	-5.2	-5.7	-5.5
	Coastal Non-resource-intensive countries				-4.8	-2.7	-3.3	-4.9	-5.9	-7.2	-4.7	-3.6	-4.6	-4.5
	Landlocked Non-resource-intensive countries				-10.9	-8.9	-12.2	-11.7	-9.5	-12.4	-13.7	-12.7	-11.0	-10.1
MDRI					-6.4	-5.3	-6.6	-5.0	-6.4	-8.7	-8.4	-5.9	-2.4	-2.1
Fixed exchange rate regimes					11.8	9.0	11.7	14.1	12.0	12.0	4.1	6.5	10.9	10.7
Floating exchange rate					6.1	4.0	5.6	6.8	6.8	7.5	2.9	4.4	7.0	7.4

Sources: IMF, African Department database, April 1, 2011; and IMF, World Economic Outlook (WEO) database, April 1, 2011.

Table SA20.

External Current Account, Including Grants

(Percent of GDP)

Sources: IMF, African Department database, April 1, 2011; and IMF, World Economic Outlook (WEO) database, April 1, 2011.

Table SA20.

External Current Account, Including Grants

(Percent of GDP)

					2004-08	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012
Oil-exporting countries					11.7	2.6	7.4	21.8	15.0	12.0	3.2	2.2	10.2	10.4
	Excluding Nigeria				7.6	-2.3	8.6	14.5	9.8	7.6	-8.7	-3.7	4.1	6.4
				Angola	14.8	3.8	18.2	27.5	15.7	8.6	-10.0	-1.8	6.2	9.5
				Cameroon	-0.9	-3.4	-3.4	1.6	1.4	-0.8	-3.7	-3.9	-3.1	-3.0
				Chad	-4.6	-17.1	2.4	-9.0	1.1	-0.1	-22.1	-21.3	-8.0	-6.1
				Congo, Rep. of	-2.1	-7.6	2.0	2.0	-8.0	1.2	-8.9	2.7	12.5	16.0
				Equatorial Guinea	-1.5	-21.6	-6.2	7.1	4.3	9.1	-17.1	-23.8	-10.2	-9.0
				Gabon	18.1	11.2	22.9	15.6	17.3	23.7	7.9	11.8	17.0	15.3
				Nigeria	14.6	5.7	6.5	26.5	18.7	15.4	13.0	6.4	14.6	13.3
Middle-income countries					-4.3	-2.5	-2.7	-4.0	-5.6	-6.4	-4.3	-3.3	-4.7	-5.2
	Excluding South Africa				3.1	1.5	3.7	6.3	5.3	-1.5	-6.6	-7.2	-7.3	-5.8
				Botswana	11.7	3.5	15.2	17.2	15.0	7.5	-5.5	-2.5	-2.4	0.0
				Cape Verde	-10.7	-14.3	-3.5	-5.4	-14.7	-15.7	-15.3	-11.8	-18.0	-15.7
				Lesotho	2.7	-5.5	-7.6	4.7	13.9	7.9	-0.5	-16.2	-23.4	-17.8
				Mauritius	-6.3	-1.8	-5.0	-9.1	-5.4	-10.1	-7.4	-9.5	-11.6	-9.6
				Namibia	7.5	7.0	4.7	13.9	9.1	2.7	-0.7	-1.1	-0.9	-3.3
				Seychelles	-21.4	-5.8	-18.8	-13.2	-20.5	-48.9	-40.0	-50.7	-32.7	-18.6
				South Africa	-5.2	-3.0	-3.5	-5.3	-7.0	-7.1	-4.1	-2.8	-4.4	-5.1
				Swaziland	-6.9	-0.3	-7.6	-10.3	-5.2	-11.1	-16.8	-20.6	-16.0	-12.9
Low-income countries					-5.9	-3.7	-5.7	-5.0	-6.3	-8.9	-6.2	-6.7	-6.9	-6.6
		Excluding fragile countries			-6.5	-4.3	-6.0	-6.1	-6.9	-9.4	-7.1	-7.4	-7.6	-7.2
				Benin	-7.3	-7.0	-6.3	-5.3	-10.1	-8.0	-8.9	-6.3	-5.3	-6.8
				Burkina Faso	-10.3	-11.0	-11.6	-9.1	-8.2	-11.5	-4.9	-4.2	-4.1	-7.6
				Ethiopia	-5.4	-1.4	-6.3	-9.1	-4.5	-5.6	-5.0	-4.3	-8.1	-8.1
				Ghana	-6.5	-2.5	-5.1	-6.2	-8.0	-10.8	-4.0	-7.2	-6.8	-5.2
				Kenya	-2.8	0.1	-1.5	-2.3	-4.0	-6.7	-5.6	-7.9	-9.3	-7.9
				Madagascar	-12.4	-9.2	-10.6	-8.8	-12.7	-20.6	-20.7	-13.4	-7.1	-6.4
				Malawi	-9.5	-11.2	-14.7	-12.5	1.0	-10.2	-5.8	-1.3	-3.8	-3.7
				Mali	-8.0	-7.9	-8.5	-4.1	-6.9	-12.7	-7.5	-8.5	-6.8	-8.0
				Mozambique	-10.9	-10.7	-11.6	-10.7	-9.7	-11.9	-10.5	-12.7	-12.0	-12.1
				Niger	-9.2	-7.3	-8.9	-8.6	-8.2	-13.0	-28.7	-30.7	-22.7	-14.1
				Rwanda	-1.7	1.8	1.0	-4.3	-2.2	-4.9	-8.5	-6.8	-9.2	-6.2
				Senegal	-10.3	-6.9	-9.0	-9.5	-11.8	-14.3	-7.7	-8.3	-11.5	-10.8
				Tanzania	-7.0	-2.5	-3.8	-7.6	-10.0	-11.1	-10.2	-8.6	-9.5	-10.7
				Uganda	-2.2	0.1	-1.4	-3.4	-3.1	-3.1	-6.8	-9.9	-10.6	-9.2
				Zambia	-6.6	-10.4	-8.5	-0.4	-6.5	-7.2	4.2	3.8	5.9	3.3
		Fragile countries			-3.6	-1.7	-4.7	-0.7	-4.1	-7.0	-2.8	-4.0	-4.2	-3.9
			Including Zimbabwe		-4.3	…	-5.6	-1.7	-4.4	-8.2	-5.0	-5.8	-6.0	-5.7
				Burundi	-12.8	-8.4	-1.2	-14.5	-24.6	-15.0	-16.1	-12.0	-15.8	-14.9
				Central African Republic	-5.6	-1.8	-6.5	-3.0	-6.2	-10.4	-7.9	-8.7	-9.1	-8.5
				Comoros	-7.2	-4.6	-7.4	-6.7	-6.3	-11.1	-9.0	-6.8	-12.1	-10.1
				Congo, Dem. Rep. of	-7.5	-3.0	-13.3	-2.7	-1.1	-17.5	-10.5	-6.8	-2.8	-0.7
				Côte d’Ivoire	1.2	1.6	0.2	2.8	-0.7	1.9	7.4	3.9	…	…
				Eritrea	-3.1	-0.7	0.3	-3.6	-6.1	-5.5	-7.6	-5.8	-0.9	0.2
				Gambia, The	-10.6	-7.0	-13.4	-10.2	-9.6	-12.7	-9.9	-12.0	-12.0	-12.8
				Guinea	-2.8	-2.8	-0.4	7.0	-10.3	-7.5	-10.8	-12.7	-11.4	-12.1
				Guinea-Bissau	-3.1	1.4	-2.1	-5.6	-4.4	-4.9	-6.0	-6.2	-5.7	-4.3
				Liberia	-32.1	-20.2	-37.4	-13.9	-31.4	-57.3	-38.3	-44.1	-37.6	-65.5
				São Tomé & Príncipe	-25.7	-16.2	-9.5	-27.5	-37.6	-37.8	-28.0	-32.0	-44.7	-42.5
				Sierra Leone	-7.1	-5.8	-7.1	-5.6	-5.5	-11.5	-8.4	-9.7	-11.9	-11.4
				Togo	-9.3	-10.0	-9.9	-8.4	-8.7	-9.6	-6.9	-7.9	-8.4	-7.4
				Zimbabwe¹	-12.5	…	-10.9	-8.6	-7.2	-23.2	-24.4	-18.3	-17.5	-17.5
Sub-Saharan Africa					0.8	-1.4	-0.4	4.4	1.4	0.1	-2.3	-2.2	0.5	0.5
			Median		-6.4	-4.6	-6.2	-5.4	-6.2	-9.6	-7.9	-7.9	-8.8	-8.0
	Including Zimbabwe				0.7	…	-0.5	4.3	1.3	0.0	-2.4	-2.4	0.4	0.4
	Excluding Nigeria and South Africa				-0.8	-2.7	-0.8	2.0	0.0	-2.6	-7.3	-5.9	-3.2	-2.1
Oil-importing countries					-5.0	-2.9	-3.9	-4.4	-5.9	-7.7	-5.4	-4.8	-5.8	-5.9
	Excluding South Africa				-4.7	-2.8	-4.4	-3.4	-4.7	-8.2	-6.6	-7.0	-7.3	-6.8
CFA franc zone					-1.6	-4.8	-1.7	0.0	-1.3	-0.2	-5.6	-5.7	-2.1	-1.6
	WAEMU				-5.6	-4.5	-5.7	-4.0	-6.3	-7.3	-4.0	-5.4	-6.1	-5.8
	CEMAC				2.1	-5.2	2.3	3.8	3.5	6.1	-7.2	-6.1	1.3	1.9
EAC-5					-4.0	-0.7	-2.0	-4.3	-5.6	-7.2	-7.6	-8.5	-9.7	-9.0
SADC					-2.6	-2.6	-1.9	-1.0	-2.9	-4.8	-6.1	-3.6	-2.9	-2.6
SACU					-4.1	-2.5	-2.6	-3.9	-5.5	-6.1	-4.1	-3.0	-4.4	-5.0
COMESA					-5.7	-2.6	-6.0	-5.4	-5.0	-9.3	-7.6	-7.3	-7.4	-6.5
Resource-intensive countries					10.1	2.2	6.5	19.2	12.8	10.2	2.9	1.9	8.8	8.8
	Oil				11.7	2.6	7.4	21.8	15.0	12.0	3.2	2.2	10.2	10.4
	Non-oil resource-intensive countries				2.6	0.8	2.8	7.0	2.1	0.1	1.3	0.4	0.2	-0.2
Non-resource-intensive countries					-5.8	-3.4	-4.6	-5.8	-6.8	-8.6	-6.1	-5.4	-6.4	-6.5
	Coastal Non-resource-intensive countries				-5.8	-3.3	-4.0	-5.7	-7.3	-8.4	-5.4	-4.6	-5.8	-6.1
	Landlocked Non-resource-intensive countries				-6.4	-3.9	-7.7	-6.6	-4.4	-9.4	-9.0	-9.0	-9.3	-8.5
MDRI					-6.3	-4.9	-6.3	-5.2	-6.3	-8.8	-7.3	-6.6	-5.6	-5.2
Fixed exchange rate regimes					-1.2	-3.9	-1.6	0.6	-0.8	-0.5	-5.7	-6.1	-2.8	-2.6
Floating exchange rate					1.2	-0.9	-0.2	5.1	1.8	0.2	-1.6	-1.5	1.1	1.1

Sources: IMF, African Department database, April 1, 2011; and IMF, World Economic Outlook (WEO) database, April 1, 2011.

Table SA20.

External Current Account, Including Grants

(Percent of GDP)

					2004-08	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012
Oil-exporting countries					11.7	2.6	7.4	21.8	15.0	12.0	3.2	2.2	10.2	10.4
	Excluding Nigeria				7.6	-2.3	8.6	14.5	9.8	7.6	-8.7	-3.7	4.1	6.4
				Angola	14.8	3.8	18.2	27.5	15.7	8.6	-10.0	-1.8	6.2	9.5
				Cameroon	-0.9	-3.4	-3.4	1.6	1.4	-0.8	-3.7	-3.9	-3.1	-3.0
				Chad	-4.6	-17.1	2.4	-9.0	1.1	-0.1	-22.1	-21.3	-8.0	-6.1
				Congo, Rep. of	-2.1	-7.6	2.0	2.0	-8.0	1.2	-8.9	2.7	12.5	16.0
				Equatorial Guinea	-1.5	-21.6	-6.2	7.1	4.3	9.1	-17.1	-23.8	-10.2	-9.0
				Gabon	18.1	11.2	22.9	15.6	17.3	23.7	7.9	11.8	17.0	15.3
				Nigeria	14.6	5.7	6.5	26.5	18.7	15.4	13.0	6.4	14.6	13.3
Middle-income countries					-4.3	-2.5	-2.7	-4.0	-5.6	-6.4	-4.3	-3.3	-4.7	-5.2
	Excluding South Africa				3.1	1.5	3.7	6.3	5.3	-1.5	-6.6	-7.2	-7.3	-5.8
				Botswana	11.7	3.5	15.2	17.2	15.0	7.5	-5.5	-2.5	-2.4	0.0
				Cape Verde	-10.7	-14.3	-3.5	-5.4	-14.7	-15.7	-15.3	-11.8	-18.0	-15.7
				Lesotho	2.7	-5.5	-7.6	4.7	13.9	7.9	-0.5	-16.2	-23.4	-17.8
				Mauritius	-6.3	-1.8	-5.0	-9.1	-5.4	-10.1	-7.4	-9.5	-11.6	-9.6
				Namibia	7.5	7.0	4.7	13.9	9.1	2.7	-0.7	-1.1	-0.9	-3.3
				Seychelles	-21.4	-5.8	-18.8	-13.2	-20.5	-48.9	-40.0	-50.7	-32.7	-18.6
				South Africa	-5.2	-3.0	-3.5	-5.3	-7.0	-7.1	-4.1	-2.8	-4.4	-5.1
				Swaziland	-6.9	-0.3	-7.6	-10.3	-5.2	-11.1	-16.8	-20.6	-16.0	-12.9
Low-income countries					-5.9	-3.7	-5.7	-5.0	-6.3	-8.9	-6.2	-6.7	-6.9	-6.6
		Excluding fragile countries			-6.5	-4.3	-6.0	-6.1	-6.9	-9.4	-7.1	-7.4	-7.6	-7.2
				Benin	-7.3	-7.0	-6.3	-5.3	-10.1	-8.0	-8.9	-6.3	-5.3	-6.8
				Burkina Faso	-10.3	-11.0	-11.6	-9.1	-8.2	-11.5	-4.9	-4.2	-4.1	-7.6
				Ethiopia	-5.4	-1.4	-6.3	-9.1	-4.5	-5.6	-5.0	-4.3	-8.1	-8.1
				Ghana	-6.5	-2.5	-5.1	-6.2	-8.0	-10.8	-4.0	-7.2	-6.8	-5.2
				Kenya	-2.8	0.1	-1.5	-2.3	-4.0	-6.7	-5.6	-7.9	-9.3	-7.9
				Madagascar	-12.4	-9.2	-10.6	-8.8	-12.7	-20.6	-20.7	-13.4	-7.1	-6.4
				Malawi	-9.5	-11.2	-14.7	-12.5	1.0	-10.2	-5.8	-1.3	-3.8	-3.7
				Mali	-8.0	-7.9	-8.5	-4.1	-6.9	-12.7	-7.5	-8.5	-6.8	-8.0
				Mozambique	-10.9	-10.7	-11.6	-10.7	-9.7	-11.9	-10.5	-12.7	-12.0	-12.1
				Niger	-9.2	-7.3	-8.9	-8.6	-8.2	-13.0	-28.7	-30.7	-22.7	-14.1
				Rwanda	-1.7	1.8	1.0	-4.3	-2.2	-4.9	-8.5	-6.8	-9.2	-6.2
				Senegal	-10.3	-6.9	-9.0	-9.5	-11.8	-14.3	-7.7	-8.3	-11.5	-10.8
				Tanzania	-7.0	-2.5	-3.8	-7.6	-10.0	-11.1	-10.2	-8.6	-9.5	-10.7
				Uganda	-2.2	0.1	-1.4	-3.4	-3.1	-3.1	-6.8	-9.9	-10.6	-9.2
				Zambia	-6.6	-10.4	-8.5	-0.4	-6.5	-7.2	4.2	3.8	5.9	3.3
		Fragile countries			-3.6	-1.7	-4.7	-0.7	-4.1	-7.0	-2.8	-4.0	-4.2	-3.9
			Including Zimbabwe		-4.3	…	-5.6	-1.7	-4.4	-8.2	-5.0	-5.8	-6.0	-5.7
				Burundi	-12.8	-8.4	-1.2	-14.5	-24.6	-15.0	-16.1	-12.0	-15.8	-14.9
				Central African Republic	-5.6	-1.8	-6.5	-3.0	-6.2	-10.4	-7.9	-8.7	-9.1	-8.5
				Comoros	-7.2	-4.6	-7.4	-6.7	-6.3	-11.1	-9.0	-6.8	-12.1	-10.1
				Congo, Dem. Rep. of	-7.5	-3.0	-13.3	-2.7	-1.1	-17.5	-10.5	-6.8	-2.8	-0.7
				Côte d’Ivoire	1.2	1.6	0.2	2.8	-0.7	1.9	7.4	3.9	…	…
				Eritrea	-3.1	-0.7	0.3	-3.6	-6.1	-5.5	-7.6	-5.8	-0.9	0.2
				Gambia, The	-10.6	-7.0	-13.4	-10.2	-9.6	-12.7	-9.9	-12.0	-12.0	-12.8
				Guinea	-2.8	-2.8	-0.4	7.0	-10.3	-7.5	-10.8	-12.7	-11.4	-12.1
				Guinea-Bissau	-3.1	1.4	-2.1	-5.6	-4.4	-4.9	-6.0	-6.2	-5.7	-4.3
				Liberia	-32.1	-20.2	-37.4	-13.9	-31.4	-57.3	-38.3	-44.1	-37.6	-65.5
				São Tomé & Príncipe	-25.7	-16.2	-9.5	-27.5	-37.6	-37.8	-28.0	-32.0	-44.7	-42.5
				Sierra Leone	-7.1	-5.8	-7.1	-5.6	-5.5	-11.5	-8.4	-9.7	-11.9	-11.4
				Togo	-9.3	-10.0	-9.9	-8.4	-8.7	-9.6	-6.9	-7.9	-8.4	-7.4
				Zimbabwe¹	-12.5	…	-10.9	-8.6	-7.2	-23.2	-24.4	-18.3	-17.5	-17.5
Sub-Saharan Africa					0.8	-1.4	-0.4	4.4	1.4	0.1	-2.3	-2.2	0.5	0.5
			Median		-6.4	-4.6	-6.2	-5.4	-6.2	-9.6	-7.9	-7.9	-8.8	-8.0
	Including Zimbabwe				0.7	…	-0.5	4.3	1.3	0.0	-2.4	-2.4	0.4	0.4
	Excluding Nigeria and South Africa				-0.8	-2.7	-0.8	2.0	0.0	-2.6	-7.3	-5.9	-3.2	-2.1
Oil-importing countries					-5.0	-2.9	-3.9	-4.4	-5.9	-7.7	-5.4	-4.8	-5.8	-5.9
	Excluding South Africa				-4.7	-2.8	-4.4	-3.4	-4.7	-8.2	-6.6	-7.0	-7.3	-6.8
CFA franc zone					-1.6	-4.8	-1.7	0.0	-1.3	-0.2	-5.6	-5.7	-2.1	-1.6
	WAEMU				-5.6	-4.5	-5.7	-4.0	-6.3	-7.3	-4.0	-5.4	-6.1	-5.8
	CEMAC				2.1	-5.2	2.3	3.8	3.5	6.1	-7.2	-6.1	1.3	1.9
EAC-5					-4.0	-0.7	-2.0	-4.3	-5.6	-7.2	-7.6	-8.5	-9.7	-9.0
SADC					-2.6	-2.6	-1.9	-1.0	-2.9	-4.8	-6.1	-3.6	-2.9	-2.6
SACU					-4.1	-2.5	-2.6	-3.9	-5.5	-6.1	-4.1	-3.0	-4.4	-5.0
COMESA					-5.7	-2.6	-6.0	-5.4	-5.0	-9.3	-7.6	-7.3	-7.4	-6.5
Resource-intensive countries					10.1	2.2	6.5	19.2	12.8	10.2	2.9	1.9	8.8	8.8
	Oil				11.7	2.6	7.4	21.8	15.0	12.0	3.2	2.2	10.2	10.4
	Non-oil resource-intensive countries				2.6	0.8	2.8	7.0	2.1	0.1	1.3	0.4	0.2	-0.2
Non-resource-intensive countries					-5.8	-3.4	-4.6	-5.8	-6.8	-8.6	-6.1	-5.4	-6.4	-6.5
	Coastal Non-resource-intensive countries				-5.8	-3.3	-4.0	-5.7	-7.3	-8.4	-5.4	-4.6	-5.8	-6.1
	Landlocked Non-resource-intensive countries				-6.4	-3.9	-7.7	-6.6	-4.4	-9.4	-9.0	-9.0	-9.3	-8.5
MDRI					-6.3	-4.9	-6.3	-5.2	-6.3	-8.8	-7.3	-6.6	-5.6	-5.2
Fixed exchange rate regimes					-1.2	-3.9	-1.6	0.6	-0.8	-0.5	-5.7	-6.1	-2.8	-2.6
Floating exchange rate					1.2	-0.9	-0.2	5.1	1.8	0.2	-1.6	-1.5	1.1	1.1

Sources: IMF, African Department database, April 1, 2011; and IMF, World Economic Outlook (WEO) database, April 1, 2011.

Table SA21.

External Current Account, Excluding Grants

(Percent of GDP)

Sources: IMF, African Department database, April 1, 2011; and IMF, World Economic Outlook (WEO) database, April 1, 2011.

Table SA21.

External Current Account, Excluding Grants

(Percent of GDP)

					2004-08	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012
Oil-exporting countries					11.7	2.5	7.2	21.8	14.9	11.9	3.3	2.3	10.2	10.3
	Excluding Nigeria				7.4	-2.6	8.1	14.4	9.7	7.5	-8.6	-3.5	4.2	6.4
				Angola	14.9	3.7	18.2	27.9	16.1	8.8	-9.5	-1.3	6.6	9.7
				Cameroon	-1.5	-3.5	-3.9	1.0	0.6	-1.5	-4.3	-4.4	-3.5	-3.3
				Chad	-7.2	-20.3	-1.1	-11.9	-0.9	-1.6	-23.1	-22.0	-8.6	-6.8
				Congo, Rep. of	-2.3	-7.7	2.0	2.0	-8.2	0.6	-9.1	2.6	11.8	15.4
				Equatorial Guinea	-1.6	-22.0	-6.5	7.1	4.4	9.1	-17.0	-23.8	-10.2	-8.9
				Gabon	18.3	11.9	22.9	15.6	17.2	23.7	7.9	11.8	17.0	15.3
				Nigeria	14.6	5.7	6.6	26.4	18.7	15.3	12.9	6.4	14.6	13.3
Middle-income countries					-4.1	-2.5	-2.3	-3.9	-5.6	-6.4	-4.2	-3.2	-4.8	-5.1
	Excluding South Africa				-4.0	-4.2	-2.4	-1.1	-3.0	-9.3	-14.1	-12.0	-11.9	-11.0
				Botswana	4.4	-1.8	8.6	9.5	6.1	-0.3	-10.7	-6.0	-3.9	-2.6
				Cape Verde	-16.1	-20.0	-8.2	-9.8	-19.8	-22.5	-20.8	-18.0	-22.5	-19.8
				Lesotho	-25.7	-24.7	-29.0	-21.6	-25.5	-27.4	-34.5	-38.8	-43.0	-42.2
				Mauritius	-6.6	-2.0	-5.2	-9.3	-5.7	-11.0	-8.5	-9.4	-12.4	-10.7
				Namibia	-3.3	-2.8	-4.2	2.2	-2.0	-9.7	-14.0	-9.8	-10.9	-13.4
				Seychelles	-22.9	-6.1	-20.2	-14.3	-21.3	-52.4	-45.0	-53.0	-33.2	-19.5
				South Africa	-4.1	-2.2	-2.3	-4.2	-5.9	-6.0	-3.0	-2.1	-3.9	-4.4
				Swaziland	-12.2	-7.1	-12.8	-15.9	-10.9	-14.5	-20.8	-21.0	-15.3	-12.0
Low-income countries					-9.5	-7.4	-9.3	-8.6	-9.9	-12.3	-10.0	-10.2	-9.9	-9.3
		Excluding fragile countries			-9.7	-7.8	-9.4	-9.1	-10.0	-12.3	-10.1	-10.5	-10.3	-9.8
				Benin	-10.2	-10.2	-8.3	-8.4	-12.9	-11.0	-12.7	-8.8	-7.8	-9.0
				Burkina Faso	-13.7	-14.1	-14.9	-12.0	-12.5	-14.9	-9.3	-8.3	-7.4	-11.2
				Ethiopia	-11.1	-7.0	-12.4	-14.9	-10.6	-10.5	-9.9	-10.7	-13.6	-14.0
				Ghana	-8.9	-5.5	-7.8	-8.1	-9.6	-13.3	-7.3	-9.0	-8.7	-6.4
				Kenya	-2.9	0.1	-1.5	-2.4	-4.1	-6.6	-5.5	-7.8	-9.2	-7.9
				Madagascar	-13.9	-13.0	-11.9	-10.1	-13.3	-21.4	-20.8	-13.5	-7.3	-6.9
				Malawi	-20.7	-18.0	-24.4	-25.9	-13.5	-21.8	-15.8	-18.1	-13.0	-13.7
				Mali	-10.0	-9.8	-10.6	-6.8	-8.7	-13.9	-8.8	-9.7	-7.8	-9.0
				Mozambique	-17.3	-16.5	-17.2	-17.0	-16.0	-19.6	-17.3	-19.9	-19.1	-19.0
				Niger	-11.8	-10.5	-12.2	-10.9	-10.4	-15.2	-29.8	-37.2	-25.9	-16.4
				Rwanda	-12.3	-11.4	-11.3	-12.3	-11.9	-14.4	-18.6	-17.4	-20.5	-15.7
				Senegal	-10.9	-7.9	-9.1	-10.0	-12.8	-14.8	-8.4	-8.6	-11.9	-11.2
				Tanzania	-10.7	-6.5	-8.1	-10.8	-13.3	-14.6	-13.5	-11.4	-12.3	-13.2
				Uganda	-7.9	-8.3	-9.5	-8.0	-7.6	-6.1	-9.3	-12.4	-13.4	-11.6
				Zambia	-8.5	-11.2	-10.3	-2.4	-9.2	-9.4	1.8	2.3	5.0	2.2
		Fragile countries			-8.8	-6.1	-9.1	-6.9	-9.6	-12.4	-9.3	-9.1	-8.3	-7.5
			Including Zimbabwe		-9.5	…	-9.5	-8.0	-10.0	-14.1	-11.8	-11.2	-10.3	-9.3
				Burundi	-36.1	-25.8	-29.1	-36.3	-46.3	-43.3	-36.1	-35.3	-34.1	-28.0
				Central African Republic	-9.5	-6.9	-8.6	-8.3	-9.8	-14.0	-11.5	-13.1	-11.7	-11.2
				Comoros	-8.1	-4.3	-6.9	-7.8	-9.1	-12.7	-13.1	-15.8	-12.5	-11.1
				Congo, Dem. Rep. of	-14.0	-8.0	-17.2	-11.4	-8.5	-24.6	-21.6	-13.5	-7.9	-5.5
				Côte d’Ivoire	0.9	1.7	0.4	3.0	-1.5	0.8	5.2	3.7	…	…
				Eritrea	-10.0	-15.7	-9.0	-7.7	-9.2	-8.3	-10.2	-11.0	-4.1	-1.0
				Gambia, The	-12.1	-10.2	-14.7	-11.2	-10.6	-13.7	-13.8	-14.9	-15.1	-15.7
				Guinea	-2.9	-2.6	-0.5	6.9	-10.4	-7.9	-11.2	-12.9	-11.7	-12.8
				Guinea-Bissau	-8.9	-4.6	-6.1	-12.8	-9.5	-11.3	-14.0	-9.7	-9.6	-9.0
				Liberia	-182.3	-167.8	-176.8	-202.2	-179.3	-185.1	-143.0	-148.8	-120.9	-131.6
				São Tomé & Príncipe	-46.4	-37.8	-39.5	-54.3	-49.1	-51.3	-44.4	-49.6	-58.7	-54.2
				Sierra Leone	-12.5	-13.2	-14.2	-10.9	-9.0	-15.4	-12.8	-13.1	-14.1	-13.2
				Togo	-10.6	-10.8	-11.0	-9.8	-10.4	-11.0	-8.4	-10.3	-11.8	-11.7
				Zimbabwe¹	-18.9	…	-12.4	-15.5	-13.5	-34.0	-34.8	-26.3	-23.0	-21.0
Sub-Saharan Africa					-0.1	-2.4	-1.3	3.5	0.4	-0.9	-3.3	-3.1	-0.2	-0.2
			Median		-9.8	-8.0	-9.0	-9.8	-9.6	-12.7	-12.7	-11.4	-11.7	-11.2
	Including Zimbabwe				-0.2	…	-1.4	3.4	0.3	-1.0	-3.5	-3.3	-0.4	-0.3
	Excluding Nigeria and South Africa				-3.8	-5.8	-3.8	-1.1	-3.0	-5.3	-10.2	-8.5	-5.3	-4.1
Oil-importing countries					-6.3	-4.2	-5.0	-5.8	-7.4	-9.3	-7.1	-6.3	-7.1	-7.1
	Excluding South Africa				-8.8	-6.9	-8.4	-7.7	-9.0	-12.3	-10.9	-10.8	-10.5	-9.8
CFA franc zone					-2.6	-5.8	-2.6	-1.0	-2.5	-1.2	-6.9	-6.7	-2.9	-2.4
	WAEMU				-7.0	-5.8	-6.8	-5.3	-8.1	-8.9	-6.2	-7.1	-7.4	-7.1
	CEMAC				1.5	-5.7	1.6	3.1	2.8	5.6	-7.7	-6.4	0.9	1.6
EAC-5					-7.2	-4.7	-6.2	-7.1	-8.4	-9.8	-10.1	-11.0	-12.2	-11.0
SADC					-3.1	-3.0	-2.1	-1.5	-3.5	-5.5	-6.8	-4.1	-3.4	-3.1
SACU					-4.0	-2.4	-2.2	-3.7	-5.5	-6.1	-3.9	-2.8	-4.4	-4.9
COMESA					-9.5	-6.7	-9.8	-9.4	-8.9	-12.9	-11.6	-11.2	-10.5	-9.5
Resource-intensive countries					9.4	1.4	5.7	18.4	12.0	9.5	2.2	1.5	8.4	8.5
	Oil				11.7	2.5	7.2	21.8	14.9	11.9	3.3	2.3	10.2	10.3
	Non-oil resource-intensive countries				-1.2	-2.2	-0.6	3.0	-2.3	-4.1	-3.0	-2.3	-2.1	-2.7
Non-resource-intensive countries					-6.7	-4.2	-5.2	-6.6	-7.7	-9.7	-7.3	-6.5	-7.5	-7.4
	Coastal Non-resource-intensive countries				-5.6	-3.3	-3.7	-5.4	-7.1	-8.4	-5.4	-4.5	-6.0	-6.1
	Landlocked Non-resource-intensive countries				-12.6	-10.1	-13.6	-13.0	-11.0	-15.1	-15.0	-15.3	-14.4	-13.4
MDRI					-9.8	-8.5	-9.9	-8.7	-9.8	-12.1	-10.9	-10.1	-8.6	-8.0
Fixed exchange rate regimes					-4.1	-6.8	-4.3	-2.5	-3.9	-3.2	-8.8	-8.6	-5.0	-4.7
Floating exchange rate					0.7	-1.5	-0.6	4.7	1.3	-0.4	-2.2	-2.1	0.6	0.7

Sources: IMF, African Department database, April 1, 2011; and IMF, World Economic Outlook (WEO) database, April 1, 2011.

Table SA21.

External Current Account, Excluding Grants

(Percent of GDP)

					2004-08	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012
Oil-exporting countries					11.7	2.5	7.2	21.8	14.9	11.9	3.3	2.3	10.2	10.3
	Excluding Nigeria				7.4	-2.6	8.1	14.4	9.7	7.5	-8.6	-3.5	4.2	6.4
				Angola	14.9	3.7	18.2	27.9	16.1	8.8	-9.5	-1.3	6.6	9.7
				Cameroon	-1.5	-3.5	-3.9	1.0	0.6	-1.5	-4.3	-4.4	-3.5	-3.3
				Chad	-7.2	-20.3	-1.1	-11.9	-0.9	-1.6	-23.1	-22.0	-8.6	-6.8
				Congo, Rep. of	-2.3	-7.7	2.0	2.0	-8.2	0.6	-9.1	2.6	11.8	15.4
				Equatorial Guinea	-1.6	-22.0	-6.5	7.1	4.4	9.1	-17.0	-23.8	-10.2	-8.9
				Gabon	18.3	11.9	22.9	15.6	17.2	23.7	7.9	11.8	17.0	15.3
				Nigeria	14.6	5.7	6.6	26.4	18.7	15.3	12.9	6.4	14.6	13.3
Middle-income countries					-4.1	-2.5	-2.3	-3.9	-5.6	-6.4	-4.2	-3.2	-4.8	-5.1
	Excluding South Africa				-4.0	-4.2	-2.4	-1.1	-3.0	-9.3	-14.1	-12.0	-11.9	-11.0
				Botswana	4.4	-1.8	8.6	9.5	6.1	-0.3	-10.7	-6.0	-3.9	-2.6
				Cape Verde	-16.1	-20.0	-8.2	-9.8	-19.8	-22.5	-20.8	-18.0	-22.5	-19.8
				Lesotho	-25.7	-24.7	-29.0	-21.6	-25.5	-27.4	-34.5	-38.8	-43.0	-42.2
				Mauritius	-6.6	-2.0	-5.2	-9.3	-5.7	-11.0	-8.5	-9.4	-12.4	-10.7
				Namibia	-3.3	-2.8	-4.2	2.2	-2.0	-9.7	-14.0	-9.8	-10.9	-13.4
				Seychelles	-22.9	-6.1	-20.2	-14.3	-21.3	-52.4	-45.0	-53.0	-33.2	-19.5
				South Africa	-4.1	-2.2	-2.3	-4.2	-5.9	-6.0	-3.0	-2.1	-3.9	-4.4
				Swaziland	-12.2	-7.1	-12.8	-15.9	-10.9	-14.5	-20.8	-21.0	-15.3	-12.0
Low-income countries					-9.5	-7.4	-9.3	-8.6	-9.9	-12.3	-10.0	-10.2	-9.9	-9.3
		Excluding fragile countries			-9.7	-7.8	-9.4	-9.1	-10.0	-12.3	-10.1	-10.5	-10.3	-9.8
				Benin	-10.2	-10.2	-8.3	-8.4	-12.9	-11.0	-12.7	-8.8	-7.8	-9.0
				Burkina Faso	-13.7	-14.1	-14.9	-12.0	-12.5	-14.9	-9.3	-8.3	-7.4	-11.2
				Ethiopia	-11.1	-7.0	-12.4	-14.9	-10.6	-10.5	-9.9	-10.7	-13.6	-14.0
				Ghana	-8.9	-5.5	-7.8	-8.1	-9.6	-13.3	-7.3	-9.0	-8.7	-6.4
				Kenya	-2.9	0.1	-1.5	-2.4	-4.1	-6.6	-5.5	-7.8	-9.2	-7.9
				Madagascar	-13.9	-13.0	-11.9	-10.1	-13.3	-21.4	-20.8	-13.5	-7.3	-6.9
				Malawi	-20.7	-18.0	-24.4	-25.9	-13.5	-21.8	-15.8	-18.1	-13.0	-13.7
				Mali	-10.0	-9.8	-10.6	-6.8	-8.7	-13.9	-8.8	-9.7	-7.8	-9.0
				Mozambique	-17.3	-16.5	-17.2	-17.0	-16.0	-19.6	-17.3	-19.9	-19.1	-19.0
				Niger	-11.8	-10.5	-12.2	-10.9	-10.4	-15.2	-29.8	-37.2	-25.9	-16.4
				Rwanda	-12.3	-11.4	-11.3	-12.3	-11.9	-14.4	-18.6	-17.4	-20.5	-15.7
				Senegal	-10.9	-7.9	-9.1	-10.0	-12.8	-14.8	-8.4	-8.6	-11.9	-11.2
				Tanzania	-10.7	-6.5	-8.1	-10.8	-13.3	-14.6	-13.5	-11.4	-12.3	-13.2
				Uganda	-7.9	-8.3	-9.5	-8.0	-7.6	-6.1	-9.3	-12.4	-13.4	-11.6
				Zambia	-8.5	-11.2	-10.3	-2.4	-9.2	-9.4	1.8	2.3	5.0	2.2
		Fragile countries			-8.8	-6.1	-9.1	-6.9	-9.6	-12.4	-9.3	-9.1	-8.3	-7.5
			Including Zimbabwe		-9.5	…	-9.5	-8.0	-10.0	-14.1	-11.8	-11.2	-10.3	-9.3
				Burundi	-36.1	-25.8	-29.1	-36.3	-46.3	-43.3	-36.1	-35.3	-34.1	-28.0
				Central African Republic	-9.5	-6.9	-8.6	-8.3	-9.8	-14.0	-11.5	-13.1	-11.7	-11.2
				Comoros	-8.1	-4.3	-6.9	-7.8	-9.1	-12.7	-13.1	-15.8	-12.5	-11.1
				Congo, Dem. Rep. of	-14.0	-8.0	-17.2	-11.4	-8.5	-24.6	-21.6	-13.5	-7.9	-5.5
				Côte d’Ivoire	0.9	1.7	0.4	3.0	-1.5	0.8	5.2	3.7	…	…
				Eritrea	-10.0	-15.7	-9.0	-7.7	-9.2	-8.3	-10.2	-11.0	-4.1	-1.0
				Gambia, The	-12.1	-10.2	-14.7	-11.2	-10.6	-13.7	-13.8	-14.9	-15.1	-15.7
				Guinea	-2.9	-2.6	-0.5	6.9	-10.4	-7.9	-11.2	-12.9	-11.7	-12.8
				Guinea-Bissau	-8.9	-4.6	-6.1	-12.8	-9.5	-11.3	-14.0	-9.7	-9.6	-9.0
				Liberia	-182.3	-167.8	-176.8	-202.2	-179.3	-185.1	-143.0	-148.8	-120.9	-131.6
				São Tomé & Príncipe	-46.4	-37.8	-39.5	-54.3	-49.1	-51.3	-44.4	-49.6	-58.7	-54.2
				Sierra Leone	-12.5	-13.2	-14.2	-10.9	-9.0	-15.4	-12.8	-13.1	-14.1	-13.2
				Togo	-10.6	-10.8	-11.0	-9.8	-10.4	-11.0	-8.4	-10.3	-11.8	-11.7
				Zimbabwe¹	-18.9	…	-12.4	-15.5	-13.5	-34.0	-34.8	-26.3	-23.0	-21.0
Sub-Saharan Africa					-0.1	-2.4	-1.3	3.5	0.4	-0.9	-3.3	-3.1	-0.2	-0.2
			Median		-9.8	-8.0	-9.0	-9.8	-9.6	-12.7	-12.7	-11.4	-11.7	-11.2
	Including Zimbabwe				-0.2	…	-1.4	3.4	0.3	-1.0	-3.5	-3.3	-0.4	-0.3
	Excluding Nigeria and South Africa				-3.8	-5.8	-3.8	-1.1	-3.0

Topics

Countries

Series

About

Resources

Abstract

Statistical Appendix

Country Groupings

Methods of Aggregation

List of Tables