References
Abrams, Richard K., 1988, “The Financial Reform in Finland,” IMF Working Paper 88/89 (Washington International Monetary Fund).
Aranko, Jorma, 1994, “Reorganization of Financial Market Supervision in Finland,” Bank of Finland Bulletin, Special Issue (Finland), pp.36–40.
Bank for International Settlements, 1996, Annual Report (Basle, Switzerland).
Bank Support Authority, 1993, Annual Review July 1, 1993–June 30, 1994, Sweden.
Berg, Sigbjorn Atle, Finn R. Forsund, and Eilev S. Jansen, 1992, “Malmquist Indices of Productivity Growth During the Deregulation of Norwegian Banking, 1980–89,” Scandinavian Journal of Economics, Vol.94 (Supplement), pp.S211–28.
Berg, Sigbjorn Atle, and others, 1993, “Banking Efficiency in the Nordic Countries,” Journal of Banking and Finance, Vol.17 (April) pp.371–88.
Biljer, Marianne, 1991, “Finance Companies: Structural Changes,” Quarterly Review, Sveriges Riksbank, No.3, pp.5–13.
Bisat, Amer, R. Barry Johnston, and V. Sundararajan 1992, “Issues in Managing and Sequencing Financial Sector Reforms: Lessons from Experiences in Five Developing Countries,” IMF Working Paper 92/82 Washington (International Monetary Fund).
Brunila, Anne, and Kari Takala, 1993, “Private Indebtedness and the Banking Crisis in Finland,” Bank of Finland Discussion Paper 9/93 (Helsinki: Bank of Finland).
Calvo, Guillermo A., 1988, “Servicing the Public Dept: The Role of Expectations,” American Economic Review, Vol.78 (September) pp.647–61.
Commission on the Banking Crisis, 1992, Norwegian Official Reports No.30E, Oslo Government Printing Service (Norway).
Cottarelli, Carlo, and Angeliki Kourelis, 1994, “Financial Structure, Bank Lending Rates, and the Transmission Mechanism of Monetary Policy,” Staff Papers, International Monetary Fund, Vol.41 (December) pp.587–623.
Cottarelli, Carlo, Giovanni Ferri, and Andrea Generale, 1995, “Bank Lending Rates and Financial Structure in Italy,” Staff Papers, International Monetary Fund, Vol.42 (September) pp.670–700.
Dahleim, Bo, Goran Lind, and Anna-Karin Nedersjo, 1993, “The Banking Sector in 1992,” Quarterly Review, Sveriges Riksbank (Sweden) Vol.2 June pp.24–36.
Davis, E. Philip, 1995, “Financial Fragility in the Early 1990s: What Can Be Learned from International Experience?” Special Paper Series (London London School of Economics and Political Science).
Englund, Peter, 1990, “Financial Deregulation in Sweden,” European Economic Review, Vol.34 (May) pp.385–93.
Fries, Steven M., 1993, “Japanese Banks and the Asset ‘Price Bubble’,” IMF Working Paper 93/85 (Washington International Monetary Fund).
Furlong, Frederick T., and Michael C. Keeley, 1989, “Capital Regulation and Risk Taking: A Note,” Journal of Banking and Finance, Vol.13 (December) pp.883–91.
Goldstein, Morris, and others 1993 International Capital Markets, Part II: Systemic Issues in International Finance, World Economic and Financial Surveys Washington (International Monetary Fund).
Gottfries, Nils, Christian B. Nilsson, and Kerstin Ohlsson, 1992, “Has Swedish Monetary Policy Been Counter-cyclical?” Sveriges Riksbank Working Paper No.7(Sweden Sveriges Riksbank June).
Gottfries, Nils, Torsten Persson, and Edward Palmer 1989, “Regulation, Financial Buffer Stocks, and Short-Run Adjustment: An Econometric Case Study of Sweden, 1970–82,” European Economic Review, Vol.33 (July) pp.1546–565.
Guttentag, Jack M., and Richard J. Herring, 1986, “Disaster Myopia in International Banking,” Essays in International Finance No.164 (Princeton, New Jersey Princeton University).
Hubbard, Glenn, ed., 1991, “Financial Markets and Financial Crises” (Chicago. University of Chicago Press).
Ingves, Stefan, and Göran Lind, 1996, “The Management of the Bank Crisis in Retrospect,” Quarterly Review, Sveriges Riksbank (Sweden) No.1pp.5–18.
International Monetary Fund, 1996, “Norway—Background Paper,” IMF Staff Country Report, No.96/15 (Washington).
Jonung, Lars, 1986, “Financial Deregulation in Sweden,” Quarterly Review, Skandinaviska Enskilda Banken, Vol.4 (December) pp.109–19.
Jonung, Lars, Hans Tson Soderstrom, Joakim Stymne, 1994, “Depression in the North: Boom and Bust in Sweden and Finland, 1985–93,” IMF Seminar Series, No.1994-47 (Washington International Monetary Fund).
Keeley, Michael C., 1990, “Deposit Insurance, Risk, and Market Power in Banking,” American Economic Review, Vol.80 (December) pp.1183–200.
Koskenkylä, Heikki, 1994, “The Nordic Banking Crisis,” Bank of Finland Bulletin, Vol.68 (August) pp.15–22.
Koskenkylä, Heikki, Jukka Vesala, 1994, “Finnish Deposit Banks 1980–1993: Years of Rapid Growth and Crisis,” Bank of Finland Discussion Paper, No.16/94 (Helsinki Bank of Finland).
Lehmussaari, Olli-Pekka, 1990, “Deregulation and Consumption: Saving Dynamics in the Nordic Countries,” Staff Papers, International Monetary Fund, Vol.37 (March) pp.71–93.
Llewellyn, David T., 1992, “The Performance of Banks in the U.K. and Scandinavia: A Case Study in Competition and Deregulation,” Quarterly Review, Sveriges Riksbank (Sweden)Vol.3 (September) pp.20–30.
Lind, Göran, and Anna-Karin Nedersjo 1994 “The Banking Sector in 1993,” Quarterly Review, Sveriges Riks-bank (Sweden)Vol.2 (June) pp.24–35.
Malkamäki, Markku, and Jukka Vesala, 1996, “Finnish Financial Markets: Major Trends and International Comparisons,” Bank of Finland Bulletin, Special Issue (Helsinki Bank of Finland) pp.5–21.
Minsky, Hyman P., 1977, “A Theory of Systematic Fragility,” Financial Crises: Institutions and Markets in a Fragile Environment,ed. by Edward I. Altman and Arnold W. Sametz (New York).
Nyberg, Peter, 1994, “Decision on the Restructuring of the Savings Bank Sector,” Bank of Finland Bulletin, Vol.68, No.1, pp.5–7.
Nyberg, Peter, Vesa Vihriälä, 1994, “Finnish Banking Crisis and Its Handling,” Bank of Finland Discussion Paper, 7/94 (Helsinki Bank of Finland).
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, 1995, Economic Surveys: Norway (Paris).
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, Bank Profitability, various issues (Paris).
Pazarbaşioğlu, Ceyla, 1997, “A Credit Crunch? Finland in the Aftermath of the Banking Crisis,” Staff Papers, International Monetary Fund, Vol.44 (September) pp.315–27.
Pensala, Johanna, and Heikki Solttila, 1993, “Banks’ Non-performing Assets and Write-Offs in 1992,” Bank of Finland Discussion Paper 10/93 (Helsinki Bank of Finland).
Persson, Torsten, and Guido Tabellini, 1990, Macroeconomic Policy, Credibility, and Politics (New York Harwood Academic Publishers).
Schuijer, Jan 1992, Banks Under Stress (Paris Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development).
Shrieves, Ronald E., Drew Dahl, 1992, “The Relationship Between Risk and Capital in Commercial Banks,” Journal of Banking and Finance, Vol.16 (April) pp.439–57.
Solttila, Heikki, and Vesa Vihriälä 1994, “Finnish Banks’ Problem Assets: Result of Unfortunate Asset Structure or Too Rapid Growth?” Bank of Finland Discussion Paper 23/94 (Helsinki Bank of Finland).
Stiglitz, Joseph E. 1993, The Role of the State in Financial Markets (Washington World Bank).
Sundararajan, V., and Tomás Baliño, 1991, “Issues in Recent Banking Crises,” Banking Crises: Cases and Issues, ed. by V. Sundararajan and T. J. T. Baliño, (Washington International Monetary Fund).
Riksbank Sveriges 1992, Quarterly Review (Stockholm Central Bank of Sweden).
White, Lawrence J. 1991, The S&L Debacle (New York Oxford University Press).
Wilse, Hans Petter, 1995, “Management of the Banking Crisis and State Ownership of Commercial Banks,” Norges Bank, Economic Bulletin, No.2 (Norway).
Recent Occasional Papers of the International Monetary Fund
161. The Nordic Banking Crises: Pitfalls in Financial Liberalization? by Burkhard Dress and Ceyla Pazarbaşioğlu. 1998.
160. Fiscal Reform in Low-Income Countries: Experience Under IMF-Supported Programs, by a Staff Team led by George T. Abed and comprising Liam Ebrill, Sanjeev Gupta, Benedict Clements, Ronald McMorran, Anthony Pellechio, Jerald Schiff, and Marijn Verhoeven. 1998.
159. Hungary: Economic Policies for Sustainable Growth, Carlo Cottarelli, Thomas Krueger, Reza Moghadam, Perry Perone, Edgardo Ruggiero, and Rachel van Elkan. 1998.
158. Transparency in Goverment Operations, by George Kopits and Jon Craig. 1998
157. Central Bank Reforms in the Baltics, Russia, and the Other Countries of the Former Soviet Union, by a Staff Team led by Malcolm Knight and comprising Susana Almuiña, John Dalton, Inci Otker, Ceyla Pazarbaşioğlu, Arne B. Petersen, Peter Quirk, Nicholas M. Roberts, Gabriel Sensenbrenner, and Jan Willem van der Vossen. 1997.
156. The ESAF at Ten Years: Economic Adjustment and Reform in Low-Income Countries, by the Staff of the International Monetary Fund. 1997.
155. Fiscal Policy Issues During the Transition in Russia, by Augusto Lopez-Claros and Sergei Alexashenko. 1998.
154. Credibility Without Rules? Monetary Frameworks in the Post–Bretton Woods Era, by Carlo Cottarelli and Curzio Giannini. 1997.
153. Pension Regimes and Saving, by G.A. Mackenzie, Philip Gerson, and Alfredo Cuevas. 1997.
152. Hong Kong, China: Growth, Structural Change, and Economic Stability During the Transition, by John Dodsworth and Dubravko Mihaljek. 1997.
151. Currency Board Arrangements: Issues and Experiences, by a staff team led by Tomás J.T. Baliño and Charles Enoch. 1997.
150. Kuwait: From Reconstruction to Accumulation for Future Generations, by Nigel Andrew Chalk, Mohamed A. El-Erian, Susan J. Fennell, Alexei P. Kireyev, and John F. Wison. 1997.
149. The Composition of Fiscal Adjustment and Growth: Lessons from Fiscal Reforms in Eight Economies, by G.A. Mackenzie, David W.H. Orsmond, and Philip R. Gerson. 1997.
148. Nigeria: Experience with Structural Adjustment, by Gary Moser, Scott Rogers, and Reinold van Til, with Robin Kibuka and Inutu Lukonga. 1997.
147. Aging Populations and Public Pension Schemes, by Sheetal K. Chand and Albert Jaeger. 1996.
146. Thailand: The Road to Sustained Growth, by Kalpana Kochhar, Louis Dicks-Mireaux, Balazs Horvath, Mauro Mecagni, Erik Offerdal, and Jianping Zhou. 1996.
145. Exchange Rate Movements and Their Impact on Trade and Investment in the APEC Region, by Takatoshi Ito, Peter Isard, Steven Symansky, and Tamim Bayoumi. 1996.
144. National Bank of Poland: The Road to Indirect Instruments, by Piero Ugolini. 1996.
143. Adjustment for Growth: The African Experience, by Michael T. Hadjimichael, Michael Nowak, Robert Sharer, and Amor Tahari. 1996.
142. Quasi-Fiscal Operations of Public Financial Institutions, by G.A. Mackenzie and Peter Stella. 1996.
141. Monetary and Exchange System Reforms in China: An Experiment in Gradualism, by Hassanali Mehran, Marc Quintyn, Tom Nordman, and Bernard Laurens. 1996.
140. Government Reform in New Zealand, by Graham C. Scott. 1996.
139. Reinvigorating Growth in Developing Countries: Lessons from Adjustment Policies in Eight Economies, by David Goldsbrough, Sharmini Coorey, Louis Dicks-Mireaux, Balazs Horvath, Kalpana Kochhar, Mauro Mecagni, Erik Offerdal, and Jianping Zhou. 1996.
138. Aftermath of the CFA Franc Devaluation, by Jean A.P. Clément, with Johannes Mueller, Stéphane Cossé, and Jean Le Dem. 1996.
137. The Lao People’s Democratic Republic: Systemic Transformation and Adjustment, edited by Ichiro Otani and Chi Do Pham. 1996.
136. Jordan: Strategy for Adjustment and Growth, edited by Edouard Maciejewski and Ahsan Mansur. 1996.
135. Vietnam: Transition to a Market Economy, by John R. Dodsworth, Erich Spitäller, Michael Braulke, Keon Hyok Lee, Kenneth Miranda, Christian Mulder, Hisanobu Shishido, and Krishna Srinivasan. 1996.
134. India: Economic Reform and Growth, by Ajai Chopra, Charles Collyns, Richard Hemming, and Karen Parker with Woosik Chu and Oliver Fratzscher. 1995.
133. Policy Experiences and Issues in the Baltics, Russia, and Other Countries of the Former Soviet Union, edited by Daniel A. Citrin and Ashok K. Lahiri. 1995.
132. Financial Fragilities in Latin America: The 1980s and 1990s, by Liliana Rojas-Suárez and Steven R. Weisbrod. 1995.
131. Capital Account Convertibility: Review of Experience and Implications for IMF Policies, by staff teams headed by Peter J. Quirk and Owen Evans. 1995.
130. Challenges to the Swedish Welfare State, by Desmond Lachman, Adam Bennett, John H. Green, Robert Hagemann, and Ramana Ramaswamy. 1995.
129. IMF Conditionality: Experience Under Stand-By and Extended Arrangements. Part II: Background Papers. Susan Schadler, Editor, with Adam Bennett, Maria Carkovic, Louis Dicks-Mireaux, Mauro Mecagni, James H.J. Morsink, and Miguel A. Savastano. 1995.
128. IMF Conditionality: Experience Under Stand-By and Extended Arrangements. Part I: Key Issues and Findings, by Susan Schadler, Adam Bennett, Maria Carkovic, Louis Dicks-Mireaux, Mauro Mecagni, James H.J. Morsink, and Miguel A. Savastano. 1995.
127. Road Maps of the Transition: The Baltics, the Czech Republic, Hungary, and Russia, by Biswajit Banerjee, Vincent Koen, Thomas Krueger, Mark S. Lutz, Michael Marrese, and Tapio O. Saavalainen. 1995.
126. The Adoption of Indirect Instruments of Monetary Policy, by a staff team headed by William E. Alexander, Tomás J.T. Baliño, and Charles Enoch. 1995.
125. United Germany: The First Five Years—Performance and Policy Issues, by Robert Corker, Robert A. Feldman, Karl Habermeier, Hari Vittas, and Tessa van der Willigen. 1995.
124. Saving Behavior and the Asset Price “Bubble’’ in Japan: Analytical Studies, edited by Ulrich Baumgartner and Guy Meredith. 1995.
123. Comprehensive Tax Reform: The Colombian Experience, edited by Parthasarathi Shome. 1995.
122. Capital Flows in the APEC Region, edited by Mohsin S. Khan and Carmen M. Reinhart. 1995.
121. Uganda: Adjustment with Growth, 1987–94, by Robert L. Sharer, Hema R. De Zoysa, and Calvin A. McDonald. 1995.
120. Economic Dislocation and Recovery in Lebanon, by Sena Eken, Paul Cashin, S. Nuri Erbas, Jose Martelino, and Adnan Mazarei. 1995.
119. Singapore: A Case Study in Rapid Development, edited by Kenneth Bercuson with a staff team comprising Robert G. Carling, Aasim M. Husain, Thomas Rumbaugh, and Rachel van Elkan. 1995.
118. Sub-Saharan Africa: Growth, Savings, and Investment, by Michael T. Hadjimichael, Dhaneshwar Ghura, Martin Mühleisen, Roger Nord, and E. Murat Uçer. 1995.
117. Resilience and Growth Through Sustained Adjustment: The Moroccan Experience, by Saleh M. Nsouli, Sena Eken, Klaus Enders, Van-Can Thai, Jörg Decressin, and Filippo Cartiglia, with Janet Bungay. 1995.
116. Improving the International Monetary System: Constraints and Possibilities, by Michael Mussa, Morris Goldstein, Peter B. Clark, Donald J. Mathieson, and Tamim Bayoumi. 1994.
115. Exchange Rates and Economic Fundamentals: A Framework for Analysis, by Peter B. Clark, Leonardo Bartolini, Tamim Bayoumi, and Steven Symansky. 1994.
Note: For information on the title and availability of Occasional Papers not listed, please consult the IMF Publications Catalog or contact IMF Publication Services.