Index
A
-
Adolescent fertility rates Asia, 46
-
Advanced economies, 57, 111
-
Afghanistan
-
educational enrollment, 170
-
fiscal indicators of gender budgeting, 158
-
gender and income inequality indicators, 155
-
gender budgeting goals, 167–168
-
Gender Inequality Index, 170
-
governmental and non-governmental involvement, 168
-
governmental role, 172–173
-
implications of initiatives through analysis of indicators, 169–170
-
labor force participation, 170
-
legal framework for gender budgeting, 168
-
maternal mortality, 170
-
origins of gender budgeting initiative, 167
-
reporting on gender budgeting, 169
-
-
Africa. See also sub-Saharan Africa
-
labor force participation, 4
-
maternal mortality, 3, 4
-
secondary school enrollment trends, 3, 4
-
-
Agricultural feminization, 24–25
-
Akcija Zdruzenska, 80, 81
-
Albania
-
gender budgeting initiatives, 77–80, 104–105
-
-
Algeria
-
fiscal indicators of gender budgeting, 158
-
gender and income inequality indicators, 155
-
-
Alternative Federal Budget, 6, 129
-
Amalgamated Territorial Communities, 84
-
Americas
-
labor force participation, 4
-
maternal mortality, 4
-
secondary school enrollment trends, 4
-
-
An Equal Share, 68
-
Andalucía, Spain
-
gender budgeting initiatives, 74–77, 85–86, 104–105
-
-
Antenatal visits
-
Rwanda, 21–22
-
skilled provider care, 21–22
-
Uganda, 21–22
-
-
Argentina
-
gender budgeting initiatives, 138–140
-
Gender Development Index, 108
-
-
Armenia
-
fiscal indicators of gender budgeting, 158
-
gender and income inequality indicators, 156
-
gender budgeting initiatives, 173
-
-
ASEAN. See Association of Southeast Asian Nations
-
Asia. See also specific countries by name
-
economic growth, 28
-
gender inequality, 33–38
-
Gender Inequality Index, 34
-
labor force participation, 3, 4, 35
-
maternal mortality, 3, 4
-
parliamentary seats held by women, 36
-
secondary school enrollment trends, 3, 4, 35
-
-
Association of Southeast Asian Nations economic growth, 28
-
Australia
-
fertility rates, 44–45
-
fiscal context of gender budgeting, 37, 51
-
gender budgeting initiatives, 38–39, 51–52, 86
-
Gender Inequality Index, 34
-
labor force participation, 35, 42–43
-
parliamentary seats held by women, 36
-
secondary school enrollment, 35
-
Women’s Budget Statements, 38
-
-
Austria
-
gender budgeting initiatives, 60–63, 104–105
-
tax allowances for children, 92
-
tax policy and gender budgeting, 90–92
-
-
Azerbaijan
-
fiscal indicators of gender budgeting, 158
-
gender and income inequality indicators, 156
-
B
-
Baby Bonus, 44–45
-
Bahrain
-
fiscal indicators of gender budgeting, 158
-
gender and income inequality indicators, 155
-
gender budgeting initiatives, 173
-
-
Bangladesh
-
fiscal context of gender budgeting, 37
-
Gender Inequality Index, 34
-
labor force participation, 35
-
parliamentary seats held by women, 36
-
secondary school enrollment, 35
-
-
Beijing Platform for Action, 63, 64, 97
-
Belgium
-
gender budgeting initiatives, 63–66, 86, 104–105
-
-
Berlin, Germany
-
gender budgeting initiatives, 71–73, 104–105
-
-
Beti Bachao Beti Padhao, 39–40
-
Bhutan
-
fiscal context of gender budgeting, 37
-
labor force participation, 35
-
parliamentary seats held by women, 36
-
secondary school enrollment, 35
-
-
Bolivia
-
gender budgeting initiatives, 120–124, 149–150
-
Gender Development Index, 108
-
-
BPfA. See Beijing Platform for Action
-
Brazil
-
child and infant mortality, 47
-
gender budgeting initiatives, 126–127
-
-
Broad Economic Policy Guidelines, 56
-
Brunei Darussalam
-
fiscal context of gender budgeting, 37
-
labor force participation, 35
-
secondary school enrollment, 35
-
-
Budget and Financial Responsibility Law, 116
-
Budget Decree on Expenditure of the Federation, 116
-
Bureau of Gender Strategies and Budgeting (Ukraine), 83
-
Burundi
-
gender inequality indicators, 10, 11
-
literacy rates, 25
-
primary school enrollment, 25
-
C
-
Cambodia
-
fiscal context of gender budgeting, 37
-
Gender Inequality Index, 34
-
labor force participation, 35
-
parliamentary seats held by women, 36
-
secondary school enrollment, 35
-
-
Canada
-
Alternative Federal Budget, 6
-
domestic violence legislation, 110
-
earning gaps, 110
-
gender budgeting initiatives, 127–129
-
Gender Development Index, 108, 110
-
income inequality, 110
-
labor force participation, 110
-
maternal mortality, 110
-
property ownership rights, 110
-
secondary enrollment, 110
-
-
Canadian Centre for Policy Alternatives, 129
-
Canadian Feminist Alliance for International Action, 128
-
Capacity building, 7, 185–186
-
Caribbean region
-
development indicators, 187–188
-
economic growth, 28
-
fiscal indicators, 189
-
gender budgeting initiatives, 204–209
-
impact of gender budgeting, 185–187
-
labor force participation, 4
-
labor force participation rates, 190
-
maternal mortality, 4, 192
-
national gender policies, 207–208
-
secondary school enrollment trends, 4
-
social protection programs, 206–207
-
tax policies, 208
-
-
Catalog for Orientation of Expenditure on Gender Equality Policies, 119–120
-
CEDAW. See Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women
-
Central Asia. See also specific countries by name
-
economic growth, 166
-
gender and income inequality indicators, 152–157
-
gender budgeting, 157–176, 183
-
Gender Development Index, 153–156
-
gender inequality, 166
-
gender inequality in oil-exporting countries, 177
-
labor force participation, 4, 155–156
-
maternal mortality, 3, 4, 155–156
-
property ownership rights, 155–156
-
secondary school enrollment trends, 3, 4
-
-
Centre for Budget and Governance Accountability, 40
-
Certificate on Gender and Equity Compliance, 30
-
Child and infant mortality
-
Brazil, 47
-
China, 47
-
India, 46–47
-
Russian Federation, 47
-
South Africa, 46–47
-
-
Chile
-
gender budgeting initiatives, 140–142
-
Gender Development Index, 108
-
-
China
-
child and infant mortality, 47
-
fiscal context of gender budgeting, 37
-
Gender Inequality Index, 34
-
labor force participation, 35
-
parliamentary seats held by women, 36
-
secondary school enrollment, 35
-
-
Civil society
-
gender budgeting and, 52, 94–95, 105, 150, 183, 202, 215
-
La Plataforma Impacto de Género YA!, 97–98
-
Swedish Women’s Lobby, 96–97
-
United Kingdom’s Women’s Budget Group, 95–96
-
-
COGPIG. See Catalog for Orientation of Expenditure on Gender Equality Policies
-
Colectivo Cabildeo, 121–122
-
Colombia
-
gender budgeting initiatives, 129–130
-
Gender Development Index, 108
-
-
Commission for Equality between Women and Men of the Chamber of Deputies, 115, 116
-
Commonwealth Secretariat, 5
-
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women, 97
-
Coordinating Committee for Women, 127
-
Costa Rica
-
gender budgeting initiatives, 130
-
Gender Development Index, 108
-
D
-
Decision 465, 78, 79–80
-
Demographic and Health Survey, 19–20
-
Department for International Development (United Kingdom)
-
gender budgeting research project, 2–3
-
DFID. See Department for International Development
-
DHS. See Demographic and Health Survey
-
Djibouti
-
fiscal indicators of gender budgeting, 158
-
gender and income inequality indicators, 155
-
-
Domestic violence legislation, 110, 155–156
-
Dominican Republic
-
gender budgeting initiatives, 130–131
-
Gender Development Index, 108
-
E
-
Earning gaps
-
Canada, 110
-
Europe, 58
-
Latin America, 110
-
Rwanda, 24
-
United States, 110
-
-
East African Community
-
economic growth differential, 27
-
gender inequality indicators, 11
-
literacy rates, 25
-
-
primary school enrollment, 25
-
Economic, Social and Research Institute, 93
-
Economic Development and Poverty Reduction Strategies, 13
-
Economic growth
-
ASEAN, 28
-
Canada, 111
-
Central Asia, 166
-
East African Community, 27
-
Europe, 57
-
LAC, 28
-
Latin America, 111
-
Middle East, 166
-
Rwanda, 28
-
sub-Saharan Africa, 27
-
-
Ecuador
-
gender budgeting initiatives, 118–120, 149–150
-
Gender Development Index, 108
-
-
Education completion
-
Canada, 110
-
gender gap trends, 3, 4
-
Latin America, 110
-
Rwanda, 20–21
-
Uganda, 20–21
-
United States, 110
-
-
Education expenditure
-
Western Hemisphere, 113
-
-
Educational enrollment
-
Afghanistan, 170
-
Asia, 35
-
Central Asia, 155–156
-
Europe, 58
-
India, 35, 47–48
-
Middle East, 155–156
-
Morocco, 164
-
Pacific region, 35
-
Philippines, 35, 47–48
-
Rwanda, 17, 19, 20–21
-
Uganda, 18, 19, 20
-
-
Egypt
-
fiscal indicators of gender budgeting, 158
-
gender and income inequality indicators, 155
-
gender budgeting goals, 171–172
-
legal framework for gender budgeting, 172
-
origins of gender budgeting initiative, 171
-
reporting on gender budgeting, 172
-
-
El Salvador
-
Five-Year Development Plan, 124
-
gender budgeting initiatives, 124–126, 149–150
-
Gender Development Index, 108
-
-
Emerging markets
-
European countries, 57
-
gender budgeting initiatives in European countries, 77–85
-
Latin America, 111
-
-
Employment. See also Labor force participation
-
Europe, 58
-
Rwanda, 17, 23–24
-
trends, 3, 4
-
Uganda, 18
-
Equal Opportunities Commission, 16
-
Equal Opportunities Law, 67
-
Equal Opportunities Strategic Plan, 92
-
Equal Status Act, 70
-
Equality between Women and Men, 116
-
EU. See European Union
-
EU directives, 55
-
EU Treaty, 55
-
Europe. See also specific countries by name civil society and gender budgeting, 94–98
-
economic development of countries, 57
-
fiscal indicators, 59
-
gender budgeting data template, 104–105
-
gender budgeting initiatives in emerging markets, 77–85
-
gender budgeting initiatives in Western Europe, 60–77
-
gender equality indicators, 58
-
government-commissioned gender and revenue studies, 92–94
-
income equality indicators, 58
-
labor force participation, 3, 4
-
revenue policy and gender budgeting, 87–90
-
secondary school enrollment trends, 4
-
tax policy and gender budgeting, 90–94
-
-
European Employment Strategy, 55, 56
-
European Union
-
gender equality policy, 54–59
-
-
European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions, 89
-
Export diversification
-
Rwanda, 10
-
F
-
Federal Budget Act, 61
-
Federal Public Service Budget and Management Control, 64–65
-
Feminist Center for Research and Advice, 127
-
Fertility rates
-
adolescent, 46
-
Australia, 44–45
-
India, 46
-
Korea, 44
-
OECD, 44
-
Philippines, 46
-
Rwanda, 26
-
-
Fiji
-
development indicators, 187–188
-
fiscal indicators, 189
-
gender budgeting initiatives, 218–221
-
labor force participation, 190
-
maternal mortality, 192
-
-
Finance Act, 123–124
-
Finland
-
gender budgeting initiatives, 69, 86, 104–105
-
government-commissioned gender and revenue studies, 92–93
-
-
Fiscal aggregates
-
Asia, 36–37, 51
-
Central Asia, 157, 158, 183
-
Europe, 59, 104
-
Latin America, 111–112, 149
-
Middle East, 157, 158, 183
-
Pacific region, 36–37, 51
-
Timor-Leste, 215
-
-
Fiscal Measures Law, 76
-
Five-Year Development Plan, 124
-
Forum for Rwandan Women Parliamentarians, 12
-
Forum for Women in Democracy, 15
-
4R gender audits, 76
-
Friedrich Ebert Foundation, 83, 84, 85
-
Function K, 119
G
-
G+ Program, 75–76
-
GDI. See Gender Development Index
-
Gender and Child Budgeting, 40
-
Gender and Development Budget Policy, 41–42
-
Gender and Equity Budgeting, 16
-
Gender and Equity Compacts, 16
-
Gender and Equity Compliance Certificate, 16
-
Gender and Family Promotion Officer, 12
-
Gender audits, 60, 76
-
Gender Budget Statements, 15, 29, 39
-
Gender budgeting
-
Albania, 77–80
-
Asia, 36–37
-
Australia, 38–39, 51–52
-
Austria, 60–63
-
Belgium, 63–66
-
capacity building, 7
-
Central Asia, 157–176, 183
-
civil society role, 52, 94–98, 105, 150, 183, 202, 215
-
definition, 33
-
description of, 2
-
Europe data template, 104–105
-
Fiji, 218–221
-
Finland, 69
-
fiscal context, 36–37, 51, 59, 104, 111–112, 149, 157, 158, 183, 215
-
gender-sensitive planning of state annual action plans, 197
-
Germany, 71–74
-
goals of, 5, 6
-
government institutions role, 12–13, 52, 105, 150, 168–169, 172–173, 183, 215
-
Iceland, 70–71
-
India, 39–40, 51–52
-
joint research project, 2–3
-
Korea, 40–41, 51–52
-
Latin America, 108, 112–126, 126–142
-
legal basis, 5, 51, 104, 149, 160–161, 168, 172, 183, 195–196, 215
-
lessons from key initiatives, 126–138
-
local initiatives, 5–6
-
Macedonia, FYR, 80–82
-
Marshall Islands, 216–218
-
Middle East, 157–176, 183
-
ministry of finance leadership importance, 5–6
-
monitoring efforts, 7
-
national initiatives, 5–6
-
origination of, 3
-
Pacific islands, 216–224
-
Philippines, 41–42, 51–52
-
regional context, 111–112
-
revenue policy and, 87–90
-
Rwanda, 14–15, 16–30, 32
-
Samoa, 221–224
-
Spain, 74–77
-
state initiatives, 5–6
-
sub-Saharan Africa, 32
-
Sweden, 66–69
-
tax policy and, 6, 88–89, 90–94, 99, 142–143, 208
-
Timor-Leste, 191–204, 215
-
transparency in reporting, 7
-
Uganda, 15–29, 32
-
Ukraine, 83–85
-
Western Hemisphere data template, 149–150
-
-
Gender desks, 12
-
Gender Development Index
-
Canada, 108, 110
-
Central Asia, 153–156
-
definition, 11
-
Latin America, 107–108, 110
-
Middle East, 153–156
-
United States, 108, 110
-
-
Gender Equality Action Plan, 69
-
Gender Equality and Family Committee, 40
-
Gender Equity, Citizenship, Work, and Family institution, 115
-
Gender Gap Index, 1, 11
-
Gender Impact Assessment, 69
-
Gender Impact Assessment Law, 97
-
Gender Impact Commission, 74, 75
-
Gender Impact Report, 74–76
-
Gender inequality
-
Asia, 33–38
-
Central Asia, 152–157
-
East African countries, 11
-
European indicators, 58
-
fiscal policy effects, 3, 5
-
global indicators, 9, 10, 16–18
-
labor force participation rates, 3, 4
-
maternal mortality rates, 3, 4
-
Middle East, 152–157
-
Pacific region, 33–38
-
Rwanda, 9, 10, 16–17
-
secondary school enrollment, 3, 4
-
trends, 3, 4
-
Uganda, 10, 18
-
-
Gender Inequality Index
-
Afghanistan, 170
-
Asia, 34
-
East African Community, 11
-
Morocco, 164
-
Pacific region, 34
-
-
Gender mainstreaming, 53, 54, 55, 64, 68, 86, 197
-
Gender Mainstreaming Group, 90–92
-
Gender Mainstreaming Plan, 68
-
Gender Marker, 63
-
Gender Monitoring Office, 12, 15, 29
-
Gender notes, 64
-
Gender-Related Classification System, 131–132
-
Gender Report, 159, 163
-
Gender-responsive budgeting, 2
-
Gender-sensitive budgeting, 2
-
Gender tests, 64
-
Georgia
-
fiscal indicators of gender budgeting, 158
-
gender and income inequality indicators, 156
-
-
Germany
-
gender budgeting initiatives, 71–74, 86
-
-
GII. See Gender Inequality Index
-
Girls’ Education Policy, 25
-
Global Gender Gap Index, 1, 11
-
Government institutions role
-
Afghanistan, 168–169
-
Asia, 52
-
Central Asia, 183
-
Egypt, 172–173
-
Europe, 105
-
Latin America, 150
-
Middle East, 183
-
Pacific region, 52
-
sub-Saharan Africa, 12–13
-
Timor-Leste, 215
-
-
Gross domestic product
-
Rwanda growth rate, 28
-
Western Hemisphere fiscal indicators, 112, 113
-
-
Guatemala
-
gender budgeting initiatives, 131–133
-
Gender Development Index, 108
-
H
-
Health expenditure
-
Western Hemisphere, 113
-
-
High-income countries
-
gender inequality indicators, 9, 10
-
-
Honduras
-
gender budgeting initiatives, 133–134
-
Gender Development Index, 108
-
I
-
Iceland
-
gender budgeting initiatives, 70–71, 86, 104–105
-
-
Illiteracy rates
-
Morocco, 165
-
-
IMF. See International Monetary Fund
-
INAMU, 130
-
Income inequality
-
Canada, 110
-
Central Asia, 152–157
-
Europe, 58
-
Latin America, 110–111
-
Middle East, 152–157
-
Rwanda, 10
-
United States, 110
-
-
Income splitting, 88
-
India
-
child and infant mortality, 46–47
-
fertility rates, 46
-
fiscal context of gender budgeting, 37
-
Gender Budget Statement, 39
-
gender budgeting initiatives, 39–40, 51–52
-
Gender Inequality Index, 34
-
labor force participation, 35, 45
-
maternal mortality, 46
-
Ministry of Women and Child Development, 39–40
-
parliamentary seats held by women, 36
-
secondary school enrollment, 35, 47–48
-
Tenth National Development Plan, 46
-
-
Indonesia
-
fiscal context of gender budgeting, 37
-
Gender Inequality Index, 34
-
labor force participation, 35
-
parliamentary seats held by women, 36
-
secondary school enrollment, 35
-
-
Infant mortality. See Child and infant mortality
-
Informal institutions
-
role in gender equality, 14
-
-
Inheritance rights
-
Rwanda, 26
-
-
INMUJERES, 115–118
-
Institute for the Equality of Women and Men, 64, 65, 66
-
Instituto National de las Mujeres, 115
-
Integrated Planning System, 78
-
Inter-Institutional Working Committee, 115
-
International Monetary Fund
-
gender budgeting research project, 2–3
-
gender equality efforts, 7–8
-
-
Iran, Islamic Republic
-
fiscal indicators of gender budgeting, 158
-
gender and income inequality indicators, 155
-
-
Iraq
-
fiscal indicators of gender budgeting, 158
-
gender and income inequality indicators, 155
-
-
Ireland
-
government-commissioned gender and revenue studies, 93–94
-
-
ISDEMU, 124–126
J
-
JamKas, 68, 69
-
JämStöd Committee, 68
-
Japan
-
fiscal context of gender budgeting, 37
-
Gender Inequality Index, 34
-
labor force participation, 35
-
parliamentary seats held by women, 36
-
secondary school enrollment, 35
-
-
Joint taxation, 88
-
Jordan
-
fiscal indicators of gender budgeting, 158
-
gender and income inequality indicators, 155
-
gender budgeting initiatives, 173–174
-
K
-
Kazakhstan
-
fiscal indicators of gender budgeting, 158
-
gender and income inequality indicators, 156
-
gender budgeting initiatives, 174
-
-
Kenya
-
gender inequality indicators, 10, 11
-
literacy rates, 25
-
primary school enrollment, 25
-
-
Kigali Declaration, 26
-
Korea
-
fertility rates, 44
-
fiscal context of gender budgeting, 37
-
gender budgeting initiatives, 40–41, 51–52
-
Gender Inequality Index, 34
-
labor force participation, 35, 43–44
-
parliamentary seats held by women, 36
-
secondary school enrollment, 35
-
-
Korean National Assembly, 40
-
Korean Women’s Development Institute, 41
-
Kuwait
-
fiscal indicators of gender budgeting, 158
-
gender and income inequality indicators, 155
-
-
Kyrgyz Republic
-
fiscal indicators of gender budgeting, 158
-
gender and income inequality indicators, 156
-
L
-
La Plataforma Impacto de Género YA!, 97–98
-
Labor force participation
-
Afghanistan, 170
-
Asia, 35–36
-
Australia, 42–43
-
Canada, 110
-
Caribbean region, 190
-
Central Asia, 155–156
-
Europe, 58
-
India, 45
-
Korea, 43–44
-
Latin America, 110
-
Middle East, 155–156
-
Morocco, 164
-
OECD, 43
-
Pacific islands, 190
-
Pacific region, 35–36
-
Philippines, 35, 45–46
-
Rwanda, 17, 23–24
-
trends, 3, 4
-
Uganda, 18
-
United States, 110
-
-
Lachmayer, Dr. Edeltraud, 90–91
-
Land ownership
-
Canada, 110
-
Central Asia, 155–156
-
Latin America, 110
-
Middle East, 155–156
-
Rwanda, 26–27
-
United States, 110
-
-
Lao PDR
-
fiscal context of gender budgeting, 37
-
Gender Inequality Index, 34
-
labor force participation, 35
-
parliamentary seats held by women, 36
-
secondary school enrollment, 35
-
-
Latin America. See also specific countries by name
-
domestic violence legislation, 110
-
earning gaps, 110
-
economic growth, 28
-
gender and income inequality indicators, 110
-
gender budgeting initiatives, 108, 112–126
-
Gender Development Index, 107–108
-
income inequality, 110–111
-
labor force participation, 110
-
maternal mortality, 110
-
property ownership rights, 110
-
secondary enrollment, 110
-
-
Law on Ensuring Equal Rights and Opportunities for Women and Men, 85
-
Law on Equal Opportunities for Women and Men, 81
-
Law on Management of the Budgetary Systems, 79
-
Law on Planning, 117
-
Lebanon
-
fiscal indicators of gender budgeting, 158
-
gender and income inequality indicators, 155
-
-
Legal mandates
-
Afghanistan, 168
-
Asia, 51
-
Central Asia, 183
-
Egypt, 172
-
Europe, 104
-
gender budgeting and, 5
-
Latin America, 149
-
Middle East, 183
-
Morocco, 160–161
-
Pacific region, 51
-
Timor-Leste, 195–196, 215
-
-
Let’s Travel Safely Program, 118
-
Libya
-
fiscal indicators of gender budgeting, 158
-
gender and income inequality indicators, 155
-
-
Literacy rates
-
East African Community, 25
-
Morocco, 165
-
Rwanda, 20, 25
-
sub-Saharan Africa, 25
-
Uganda, 20, 25
-
-
Looking for a Life Free from Violence for Women, 124
-
Low-income countries
-
European, 57
-
gender inequality indicators, 9, 10, 17–18
-
labor force participation rates, 45
-
Latin America, 111
-
M
-
Macedonia, FYR
-
gender budgeting initiatives, 80–82, 104–105
-
-
Malaysia
-
fiscal context of gender budgeting, 37
-
Gender Inequality Index, 34
-
labor force participation, 35
-
parliamentary seats held by women, 36
-
secondary school enrollment, 35
-
-
Maldives
-
fiscal context of gender budgeting, 37
-
Gender Inequality Index, 34
-
labor force participation, 35
-
parliamentary seats held by women, 36
-
secondary school enrollment, 35
-
-
MANAR-Stat, 161
-
Marshall Islands
-
development indicators, 187–188
-
fiscal indicators, 189
-
gender budgeting initiatives, 216–218
-
-
Maternal mortality
-
Afghanistan, 170
-
Canada, 110
-
Caribbean region, 192
-
Central Asia, 155–156
-
India, 46
-
Latin America, 110
-
Middle East, 155–156
-
Morocco, 164
-
Pacific islands, 192
-
Philippines, 46
-
Rwanda, 17, 19, 26
-
trends, 3, 4
-
Uganda, 18, 19
-
United States, 110
-
-
Mauritania
-
fiscal indicators of gender budgeting, 158
-
gender and income inequality indicators, 155
-
-
Medium-Term Budget Program, 79
-
Medium Term Expenditure Framework, 61
-
Mexico
-
gender budgeting initiatives, 149–150
-
gender budgeting lessons, 118
-
Gender Development Index, 108
-
institutional basis of gender budgeting, 116–117
-
legislative framework, 116–117
-
Mexico City gender budgeting initiative, 117–118
-
national level gender budgeting, 114–116
-
-
Middle East. See also specific countries by name
-
economic growth, 166
-
gender and income inequality indicators, 152–157
-
gender budgeting, 157–176, 183
-
Gender Development Index, 153–156
-
gender inequality, 166
-
gender inequality in oil-exporting countries, 177
-
labor force participation, 4, 155–156
-
maternal mortality, 3, 4, 155–156
-
property ownership rights, 155–156
-
secondary school enrollment trends, 3, 4
-
-
Middle-income countries
-
gender inequality indicators, 9, 10
-
labor force participation rates, 45
-
-
Millennium Development Goals, 6, 151, 182
-
Ministerial Policy Statements, 16
-
Ministry for Gender and Family Promotion (Rwanda), 12, 14
-
Ministry of Finance (Rwanda), 15
-
Ministry of Finance, Planning, and Economic Development (Uganda), 15–16
-
Ministry of Women and Child Development (India), 39–40
-
Mongolia
-
fiscal context of gender budgeting, 37
-
Gender Inequality Index, 34
-
labor force participation, 35
-
parliamentary seats held by women, 36
-
secondary school enrollment, 35
-
-
Morocco
-
educational enrollment, 164, 165
-
fiscal indicators of gender budgeting, 158
-
gender and income inequality indicators, 155
-
gender budgeting goals, 160
-
Gender Inequality Index, 164
-
illiteracy rates, 165
-
implications of initiatives through analysis of indicators, 162–167
-
labor force participation, 164
-
legal framework for gender budgeting, 160–161
-
maternal mortality, 164
-
monitoring initiatives, 162
-
origins of gender budgeting initiative, 159–160
-
revenue, 162
-
sex-disaggregated data, 161–162
-
-
Mortality rates. See Child and infant mortality; Maternal mortality
-
Myanmar
-
fiscal context of gender budgeting, 37
-
Gender Inequality Index, 34
-
labor force participation, 35
-
parliamentary seats held by women, 36
-
secondary school enrollment, 35
-
N
-
National Action Plan for Gender Equality, 80
-
National Action Plan for the Women of Afghanistan, 168
-
National Center for the Prevention and Control of HIV/AIDS, 115–116
-
National Development Plan, 16, 117
-
National Finance Act, 41
-
National Foundation for Australian Women, 38
-
National Gender Cluster, 12
-
National Gender Policy, 13, 15
-
National Institute for Women, 130
-
National Parliament (Timor-Leste), 201
-
National Policy on Equality, 116
-
National Program for Citizen’s Security, 127
-
National Program for Equal Opportunities, 116
-
National Strategy for Agriculture and Rural Development, 82
-
National Strategy for Development and Integration, 78
-
National Women’s Council, 12
-
National Working Committee on Gender Sensitive Budgets, 121
-
Nationality Code, 161
-
Nepal
-
fiscal context of gender budgeting, 37
-
Gender Inequality Index, 34
-
labor force participation, 35
-
parliamentary seats held by women, 36
-
secondary school enrollment, 35
-
-
New Zealand
-
fiscal context of gender budgeting, 37
-
Gender Inequality Index, 34
-
labor force participation, 35
-
parliamentary seats held by women, 36
-
secondary school enrollment, 35
-
-
Nicaragua
-
gender budgeting initiatives, 134
-
Gender Development Index, 108
-
-
No Discrimination against Women, 116
-
Nordic Co-operation, 66, 70
O
-
Occupational segregation, 24
-
OECD
-
fertility rates, 44
-
labor force participation, 43
-
-
Oil-exporting countries
-
gender inequality in, 177
-
-
Oman
-
fiscal indicators of gender budgeting, 158
-
gender and income inequality indicators, 155
-
-
Organic Budget Law, 15, 61, 67, 79
-
Organic Code on Planning and Public Finance, 118
-
Ownership rights
-
Canada, 110
-
Central Asia, 155–156
-
Latin America, 110
-
Middle East, 155–156
-
Rwanda, 26–27
-
United States, 110
-
P
-
Pacific Islands
-
development indicators, 187–188
-
fiscal indicators, 189
-
gender budgeting initiatives, 216–224
-
impact of gender budgeting, 185–187
-
labor force participation rates, 190
-
maternal mortality, 192
-
-
Pacific region. See also specific countries by name
-
gender inequality, 33–38
-
Gender Inequality Index, 34
-
labor force participation rates, 3, 4, 35
-
maternal mortality rates, 3, 4
-
parliamentary seats held by women, 36
-
secondary school enrollment trends, 3, 4, 35
-
-
Pakistan
-
fiscal context of gender budgeting, 37
-
Gender Inequality Index, 34
-
labor force participation, 35
-
parliamentary seats held by women, 36
-
secondary school enrollment, 35
-
-
Panama
-
gender budgeting initiatives, 134–135
-
Gender Development Index, 108
-
-
Papua New Guinea
-
fiscal context of gender budgeting, 37
-
Gender Inequality Index, 34
-
labor force participation, 35
-
parliamentary seats held by women, 36
-
secondary school enrollment, 35
-
-
Paraguay
-
gender budgeting initiatives, 135–136
-
Gender Development Index, 108
-
-
Parliamentary seats held by women
-
Asia, 36
-
Pacific region, 36
-
Rwanda, 12–13
-
-
PEFA. See Public Expenditure and Financial Accountability
-
Peru
-
gender budgeting initiatives, 136–137
-
Gender Development Index, 108
-
-
Philippine Plan for Gender-Responsive Development, 47
-
Philippines
-
fertility rates, 46
-
fiscal context of gender budgeting, 37
-
Gender and Development Plan, 42
-
gender budgeting initiatives, 41–42, 51–52
-
Gender Inequality Index, 34
-
labor force participation, 35, 45–46
-
maternal mortality, 46
-
parliamentary seats held by women, 36
-
secondary school enrollment, 35, 47–48
-
-
Plan for Gender Budgeting, 70
-
Platform for Gender Impact Now, 97–98
-
Political Constitution of the State, 123
-
Poverty Eradication Action Plan, 15
-
PpRpG initiative, 124, 125, 126
-
Pregnancy Benefit, 139
-
Presidential Secretariat for Women, 131–133
-
Primary school completion
-
Rwanda, 20–21
-
Uganda, 20–21
-
-
Primary school enrollment
-
India, 48
-
Morocco, 165
-
Philippines, 48
-
Rwanda, 19, 25–26
-
Timor-Leste, 199
-
Uganda, 19, 25
-
-
Programs for Improvement of Management, 140–141
-
Property ownership
-
Canada, 110
-
Central Asia, 155–156
-
Latin America, 110
-
Middle East, 155–156
-
Rwanda, 26–27
-
United States, 110
-
-
Public Expenditure and Financial Accountability, 36–37, 113, 158
-
Public Finance Management Strategy, 80
-
Public policy
-
framework for gender equality, 13–14
-
-
Public Policy for Equality of Opportunity for Women, 134–135
Q
-
Qatar
-
fiscal indicators of gender budgeting, 158
-
gender and income inequality indicators, 155
-
R
-
Recast Gender Directive, 54
-
Revenue policy
-
gender budgeting and, 87–90
-
government-commissioned gender and revenue studies, 90–94
-
-
Russian Federation
-
child and infant mortality, 47
-
-
Rwanda
-
antenatal visits, 21–22
-
anti-discrimination policies, 26
-
developments in gender equality efforts, 9–12, 29–30
-
economic growth, 28
-
export diversification, 10
-
fertility rates, 26
-
gender budgeting initiatives, 14–15, 32
-
gender inequality indicators, 9, 10, 16–17, 19
-
health expenditure as a share of GDP, 19
-
income inequality, 10
-
institutional framework for gender equality, 12–13
-
labor force participation, 17, 23–24
-
level of education, 20–21
-
literacy rates among women, 20
-
maternal mortality, 17, 19, 26
-
Ministry for Gender and Family Promotion, 12, 14
-
Ministry of Finance, 15
-
political inclusion of women, 27
-
primary school completion, 20–21
-
primary school enrollment, 19, 25–26
-
public policy framework for gender equality, 13–14
-
role of informal institutions in gender equality, 14
-
wage gap, 24
-
water access, 22–23
-
women’s land ownership, 26–27
-
S
-
Safe and Strong, 38
-
SALIDCs
-
gender inequality indicators, 17–18
-
-
Samoa
-
development indicators, 187–188
-
fiscal indicators, 189
-
gender budgeting initiatives, 221–224
-
labor force participation, 190
-
maternal mortality, 192
-
-
Saudi Arabia
-
fiscal indicators of gender budgeting, 158
-
gender and income inequality indicators, 155
-
-
Save the Daughter, Educate the Daughter, 39–40
-
School completion rates
-
gender gap trends, 3, 4
-
Rwanda, 20–21
-
Uganda, 20–21
-
-
School enrollment
-
Afghanistan, 170
-
Asia, 35
-
Canada, 110
-
Central Asia, 155–156
-
East African Community, 25
-
Europe, 58
-
India, 35, 47–48
-
Latin America, 110
-
Middle East, 155–156
-
Morocco, 164, 165
-
Pacific region, 35
-
Philippines, 35, 47–48
-
Rwanda, 17, 19, 20–21, 25–26
-
Timor-Leste, 199
-
Uganda, 18, 19, 20, 25
-
United States, 110
-
-
Secondary education rates
-
Asia, 35
-
Canada, 110
-
Central Asia, 155–156
-
Europe, 58
-
gender gap trends, 3, 4
-
India, 35, 47–48
-
Latin America, 110
-
Middle East, 155–156
-
Pacific region, 35
-
Philippines, 35, 47–48
-
United States, 110
-
-
Secretary of State for the Support and Socio-Economical Promotion of Women, 200–201
-
SEPREM. See Presidential Secretariat for Women
-
Seven-Year Government Program, 13–14
-
Shisha Kibondo program, 26
-
Sida, 83, 84
-
Singapore
-
fiscal context of gender budgeting, 37
-
Gender Inequality Index, 34
-
labor force participation, 35
-
parliamentary seats held by women, 36
-
-
Social protection programs, 206–207
-
Somalia
-
gender and income inequality indicators, 155
-
-
South Africa
-
child and infant mortality, 46–47
-
-
Spain
-
gender budgeting initiatives, 74–77, 85–86
-
government-commissioned gender and revenue studies, 92
-
La Plataforma Impacto de Género YA!, 97–98
-
-
Specific Cabinet for Women, 132
-
Sri Lanka
-
fiscal context of gender budgeting, 37
-
Gender Inequality Index, 34
-
labor force participation, 35
-
parliamentary seats held by women, 36
-
secondary school enrollment, 35
-
-
STAT compiler, 20
-
State Program to Ensure Equal Status of Men and Women in Ukraine, 85
-
Status of Women Canada, 128
-
Strategic Guidance Document, 75
-
Strategy on Gender Responsive Budgeting, 80, 81
-
Sub-Saharan Africa. See also Africa
-
economic growth differential, 27
-
gender budgeting initiatives, 32
-
impact of gender inequality on GDP, 9
-
literacy rates, 25
-
Rwanda, 9–15, 16–29
-
Uganda, 15–29
-
-
Sudan
-
fiscal indicators of gender budgeting, 158
-
gender and income inequality indicators, 155
-
-
Support and Socio-Economical Promotion of Women, 200–201
-
Sustainable Development Goals, 6
-
Sweden
-
gender budgeting initiatives, 66–69, 86, 104–105
-
Swedish Women’s Lobby, 96–97
-
-
Swedish Gender Mainstreaming Support Committee, 68
-
Swedish Women’s Lobby, 96–97
-
Syrian Arab Republic
-
fiscal indicators of gender budgeting, 158
-
gender and income inequality indicators, 155
-
T
-
Tajikistan
-
fiscal indicators of gender budgeting, 158
-
gender and income inequality indicators, 156
-
-
Tanzania
-
gender inequality indicators, 10, 11
-
literacy rates, 25
-
primary school enrollment, 25
-
-
Tax policy
-
gender budgeting and, 90–94, 142–143, 208
-
inequalities, 6 joint taxation, 88
-
value-added tax, 88–89, 99
-
-
Technical Vocational Education Training, 25
-
Tenth National Development Plan, 46
-
Tertiary school enrollment
-
Asia, 48
-
-
Thailand
-
fiscal context of gender budgeting, 37
-
Gender Inequality Index, 34
-
labor force participation, 35
-
parliamentary seats held by women, 36
-
secondary school enrollment, 35
-
-
3R gender audits, 76
-
Timor-Leste
-
consultative process, 202
-
development indicators, 187–188
-
fiscal indicators, 189
-
gender budgeting initiatives, 191–204, 215
-
international donors, 201–202
-
maternal mortality, 192
-
National Parliament, 201
-
school enrollment, 199
-
Secretary of State for the Support and Socio-Economical Promotion of Women, 200–201
-
-
Treaty of Amsterdam, 54
-
Treaty of Rome, 55
-
Tunisia
-
fiscal indicators of gender budgeting, 158
-
gender and income inequality indicators, 155
-
-
Turkmenistan
-
fiscal indicators of gender budgeting, 158
-
gender and income inequality indicators, 156
-
U
-
Uganda
-
antenatal visits, 21–22
-
Certificate on Gender and Equity Compliance, 30
-
gender budgeting initiatives, 15–16, 32
-
gender inequality indicators, 10, 18, 19
-
level of education, 20–21
-
literacy rates among women, 20
-
Ministry of Finance, Planning, and Economic Development, 15–16
-
primary school completion, 20–21
-
primary school enrollment, 19, 25
-
water access, 22–23
-
-
Ukraine
-
Bureau of Gender Strategies and Budgeting, 83
-
gender budgeting initiatives, 83–85, 104–105
-
-
UN Women, 5, 16, 83–84, 85, 122–123. See also UNIFEM
-
Unemployment
-
Europe, 58
-
-
UNIFEM, 15, 118, 120, 121. See also UN Women
-
United Arab Emirates
-
fiscal indicators of gender budgeting, 158
-
gender and income inequality indicators, 155
-
-
United Kingdom
-
Department for International Development, 2–3
-
Women’s Budget Group, 6, 95–96
-
-
United Nations
-
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women, 97
-
Organization for Women, 15, 118, 120
-
-
United Nations Development Program, 107
-
United States
-
domestic violence legislation, 110
-
earning gaps, 110
-
Gender Development Index, 108, 110
-
income inequality, 110
-
labor force participation, 110
-
maternal mortality, 110
-
property ownership rights, 110
-
secondary education rates, 110
-
secondary enrollment, 110
-
-
Universal Child Benefit, 139
-
Uruguay
-
gender budgeting initiatives, 137
-
Gender Development Index, 108
-
-
USAID
-
Demographic and Health Survey, 19–20
-
-
Uzbekistan
-
fiscal indicators of gender budgeting, 158
-
gender and income inequality indicators, 156
-
V
-
Value-added tax, 88–89, 99
-
VAT. See Value-added tax
-
Venezuela
-
gender budgeting initiatives, 137–138
-
Gender Development Index, 108
-
-
Vietnam
-
fiscal context of gender budgeting, 37
-
Gender Inequality Index, 34
-
labor force participation, 35
-
parliamentary seats held by women, 36
-
secondary school enrollment, 35
-
-
Vision 2020, 13
W
-
Wage gaps
-
Canada, 110
-
Europe, 58
-
Latin America, 110
-
Rwanda, 24
-
United States, 110
-
-
Water supply
-
Rwanda, 22–23
-
Uganda, 22–23
-
-
Websites
-
Afghanistan’s Ministry of Finance budget, 168
-
Argentina’s gender budgeting initiative, 138
-
Austrian gender budgeting, 63
-
Canada’s Alternative Federal Budget, 129
-
Canada’s General Audit Office study, 128
-
Chile’s Programs for Improvement of Management, 140–141
-
Demographic and Health Survey, 19–20
-
El Salvador Five-Year Development Plan, 124
-
Feminist Center for Research and Advice, 127
-
Gender and Child Budgeting plan, 40
-
India’s Gender Budget Statement, 39
-
MANAR-Stat, 161
-
Ministry of Women and Child Development handbook, 40
-
Peru’s gender budgeting manual, 136
-
Philippines Gender and Development Plan, 42
-
Sweden’s Statement of Government Policy, 67
-
World Bank Data, 154
-
West Bank and Gaza
-
gender and income inequality indicators, 155
-
gender budgeting initiatives, 174
-
-
Western Europe
-
gender budgeting initiatives, 60–77
-
-
Women’s Budget, 127
-
Women’s Budget Group, 6, 95–96
-
Women’s Budget Initiative, 9
-
Women’s Budget Statements, 38
-
Women’s Consortium of Ukraine, 84
-
Women’s Machinery, 118
-
Women’s Parliamentary Group, 124
-
Women’s Secretariat, 127
-
World Bank, 12–13, 19, 34–35, 40
-
World Bank Data, 154
-
World Development Indicators, 12–13, 19, 34–35, 40
-
World Economic Forum
-
Gender Gap Report, 30
-
Global Gender Gap Index, 1, 11
-
Y
-
Yemen, Republic
-
fiscal indicators of gender budgeting, 158
-
gender and income inequality indicators, 155
-