Fiscal Monitor Archives
| Strengthening the Credibility of Public Finances | October 2021 |
| Policies for the Recovery | October 2020 |
| Policies to Support People During the COVID-19 Pandemic | April 2020 |
| How to Mitigate Climate Change | October 2019 |
| Curbing Corruption | April 2019 |
| Managing Public Wealth | October 2018 |
| Capitalizing on Good Times | April 2018 |
| Tackling Inequality | October 2017 |
| Achieving More with Less | April 2017 |
| Debt: Use It Wisely | October 2016 |
| Acting Now, Acting Together | April 2016 |
| The Commodities Roller Coaster: A Fiscal Framework for Uncertain Times | October 2015 |
| Now Is the Time: Fiscal Policies for Sustainable Growth | April 2015 |
| Back to Work: How Fiscal Policy Can Help | October 2014 |
| Public Expenditure Reform: Making Difficult Choices | April 2014 |
| Taxing Times | October 2013 |
| Fiscal Adjustment in an Uncertain World | April 2013 |
| Taking Stock: A Progress Report on Fiscal Adjustment | October 2012 |
| Balancing Fiscal Policy Risks | April 2012 |
| Addressing Fiscal Challenges to Reduce Economic Risks | September 2011 |
| Shifting Gears | April 2011 |
| Fiscal Exit: From Strategy to Implementation | November 2010 |
| Navigating the Fiscal Challenges Ahead | May 2010 |
| Strengthening the Credibility of Public Finances | October 2021 |
| Policies for the Recovery | October 2020 |
| Policies to Support People During the COVID-19 Pandemic | April 2020 |
| How to Mitigate Climate Change | October 2019 |
| Curbing Corruption | April 2019 |
| Managing Public Wealth | October 2018 |
| Capitalizing on Good Times | April 2018 |
| Tackling Inequality | October 2017 |
| Achieving More with Less | April 2017 |
| Debt: Use It Wisely | October 2016 |
| Acting Now, Acting Together | April 2016 |
| The Commodities Roller Coaster: A Fiscal Framework for Uncertain Times | October 2015 |
| Now Is the Time: Fiscal Policies for Sustainable Growth | April 2015 |
| Back to Work: How Fiscal Policy Can Help | October 2014 |
| Public Expenditure Reform: Making Difficult Choices | April 2014 |
| Taxing Times | October 2013 |
| Fiscal Adjustment in an Uncertain World | April 2013 |
| Taking Stock: A Progress Report on Fiscal Adjustment | October 2012 |
| Balancing Fiscal Policy Risks | April 2012 |
| Addressing Fiscal Challenges to Reduce Economic Risks | September 2011 |
| Shifting Gears | April 2011 |
| Fiscal Exit: From Strategy to Implementation | November 2010 |
| Navigating the Fiscal Challenges Ahead | May 2010 |
I. Adjustment
| Capitalizing on Good Times | April 2018 |
| Defining and Measuring Fiscal Space | April 2017, Annex 1.1 |
| China: What Do We Know about the General Government’s Balance Sheet? | October 2016, Box 1.1 |
| Brazil: Private Debt and the Strength of the Public Sector Balance Sheet | October 2016, Box 1.3 |
| Fiscal Consolidations with Progressive Measures | April 2014, Box 2.4 |
| Constructing an Index of the Difficulty of Fiscal Adjustment | October 2013, Box 1 |
| Medium-Term Fiscal Adjustment in an Uncertain World | April 2013, Chapter 2 |
| The Appropriate Pace of Short-Term Fiscal Adjustment | April 2013, Box 2 |
| Fiscal Adjustment in the United States: Making Sense of the Numbers | April 2013, Box 5 |
| Taking Stock: A Progress Report on Fiscal Adjustment | October 2012, Chapter 2 |
| Distributional Consequences of Alternative Fiscal Consolidation Measures: Reading from the Data | October 2012, Appendix 1 |
| Easy Does It: The Appropriate Pace of Fiscal Consolidation | April 2012, Chapter 3 |
| Experience with Large Fiscal Adjustment Plans in Ireland and Portugal | April 2012, Box A2.1 |
| Fiscal Multipliers in Expansions and Contractions | April 2012, Appendix 1 |
| Early Lessons from Experiences with Large Fiscal Adjustment Plans | April 2012, Appendix 2 |
| Fiscal Adjustment Plans and Medium-Term Fiscal Outlook | November 2010, Chapter 3 |
| To Tighten or Not to Tighten: This Is the Question | November 2010, Box 1.2 |
| Fiscal Adjustment and Income Distribution in Advanced and Emerging Economies | November 2010, Appendix 3 |
| The Fiscal Policy Outlook: Adjustment Needs and Plans | May 2010, Chapter 3 |
| Adjustment Measures and Institutions | May 2010, Chapter 4 |
| Fiscal Adjustment Requirements: Gross and Net Debt Targets | May 2010, Appendix 2 |
| Capitalizing on Good Times | April 2018 |
| Defining and Measuring Fiscal Space | April 2017, Annex 1.1 |
| China: What Do We Know about the General Government’s Balance Sheet? | October 2016, Box 1.1 |
| Brazil: Private Debt and the Strength of the Public Sector Balance Sheet | October 2016, Box 1.3 |
| Fiscal Consolidations with Progressive Measures | April 2014, Box 2.4 |
| Constructing an Index of the Difficulty of Fiscal Adjustment | October 2013, Box 1 |
| Medium-Term Fiscal Adjustment in an Uncertain World | April 2013, Chapter 2 |
| The Appropriate Pace of Short-Term Fiscal Adjustment | April 2013, Box 2 |
| Fiscal Adjustment in the United States: Making Sense of the Numbers | April 2013, Box 5 |
| Taking Stock: A Progress Report on Fiscal Adjustment | October 2012, Chapter 2 |
| Distributional Consequences of Alternative Fiscal Consolidation Measures: Reading from the Data | October 2012, Appendix 1 |
| Easy Does It: The Appropriate Pace of Fiscal Consolidation | April 2012, Chapter 3 |
| Experience with Large Fiscal Adjustment Plans in Ireland and Portugal | April 2012, Box A2.1 |
| Fiscal Multipliers in Expansions and Contractions | April 2012, Appendix 1 |
| Early Lessons from Experiences with Large Fiscal Adjustment Plans | April 2012, Appendix 2 |
| Fiscal Adjustment Plans and Medium-Term Fiscal Outlook | November 2010, Chapter 3 |
| To Tighten or Not to Tighten: This Is the Question | November 2010, Box 1.2 |
| Fiscal Adjustment and Income Distribution in Advanced and Emerging Economies | November 2010, Appendix 3 |
| The Fiscal Policy Outlook: Adjustment Needs and Plans | May 2010, Chapter 3 |
| Adjustment Measures and Institutions | May 2010, Chapter 4 |
| Fiscal Adjustment Requirements: Gross and Net Debt Targets | May 2010, Appendix 2 |
II. Commodities and Energy
| Governance in the Extractive Industries | April 2019, Box 2.1 |
| Bolivia: Inequality Decline during a Commodity Boom | October 2017, Box 1.3 |
| The Fiscal Impact of Lower Oil Prices | April 2015, Chapter 1 |
| Reforming Energy Subsidies | April 2015, Box 1.2 |
| Reforming Energy Subsidies | April 2013, Appendix 1 |
| Fiscal Developments in Oil-Producing Economies | September 2011, Box 3 |
| Fuel and Food Price Shocks and Fiscal Performance in Low-Income Countries | September 2011, Box 8 |
| Pass-Through and Fiscal Impact of Rising Fuel Prices | April 2011, Box 1.2 |
| Reforming Petroleum Subsidies | May 2010, Appendix 5 |
| Governance in the Extractive Industries | April 2019, Box 2.1 |
| Bolivia: Inequality Decline during a Commodity Boom | October 2017, Box 1.3 |
| The Fiscal Impact of Lower Oil Prices | April 2015, Chapter 1 |
| Reforming Energy Subsidies | April 2015, Box 1.2 |
| Reforming Energy Subsidies | April 2013, Appendix 1 |
| Fiscal Developments in Oil-Producing Economies | September 2011, Box 3 |
| Fuel and Food Price Shocks and Fiscal Performance in Low-Income Countries | September 2011, Box 8 |
| Pass-Through and Fiscal Impact of Rising Fuel Prices | April 2011, Box 1.2 |
| Reforming Petroleum Subsidies | May 2010, Appendix 5 |
III. Country Cases
| Global Spillovers from the Fiscal Packages in the European Union, and the United States | October 2021, Online Annex 1.1 |
| Long-Term Distributional Impact of the American Families Plan | October 2021, Box 1.1; Online Annex 1.2 |
| Fiscal Developments in Countries Participating in the Debt Suspension Initiative | October 2021, Box 1.2 |
| Persistent Consequences of Wealth Inequality for the Next Generation’s Income: The Case of Norway | April 2021, Box 2.1 |
| A Wave of Protests: Economic Reforms and Social Unrest | April 2020, Box 1.2 |
| Fiscal Measures in Selected Economies in Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic | April 2020, Special Feature Online Annex 1.1 |
| The Macroeconomic Effects of Public Investment: A Model-Based Analysis | April 2020, Online Annex 2.1 |
| China: State-Owned Enterprises Remain Key Players | April 2020, Online Annex 3.1 |
| Brazil: A Complex and, at Times, Turbulent Relationship between SOEs and the Government | April 2020, Online Annex 3.2 |
| Ghana: Risks in SOEs Can Spill Over to Other Sectors and the Budget | April 2020, Online Annex 3.5 |
| How to Get the Most Out of SOEs: The Nordic Example | April 2020, Online Annex 3.7 |
| China: How Can Fiscal Policy Support Economic Activity and Rebalancing? | April 2019, Box 1.2 |
| The Distributional Effects of Income Tax Cuts in the United States | April 2018, Box 1.2 |
| International Tax Policy Implications from US Corporate Tax Reform | April 2018, Box 1.3 |
| General Government Debt and Fiscal Risks in China | April 2018, Box 1.4 |
| Digital Government | April 2018, Chapter 2 |
| Digitalization Advances in Revenue Administration in South Africa and Estonia | April 2018, Box 2.1 |
| The Digitalization of Public Finances: Country Case Studies | April 2018, Annex 2.1 |
| Bolivia: Inequality Decline during a Commodity Boom | October 2017, Box 1.3 |
| Adopting a Universal Basic Income to Support Subsidy Reform in India | October 2017, Box 1.6 |
| Model Simulations | October 2017, Annex 1.3 |
| Making Growth More Inclusive in China | April 2017, Box 1.3 |
| Colombia: Labor Tax Reform and the Shift from Informal to Formal Employment | April 2017, Box 2.2 |
| Mozambique: Differential Tax Treatment across Firms | April 2017, Box 2.3 |
| Innovation in Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa (BRICS) | October 2016, Box 2.4 |
| Lowflation and Debt in the Euro Area | October 2014, Box 1.1 |
| Fiscal Challenges in the Pacific Island Countries | April 2014, Box 1.3 |
| Fiscal Reforms to Unlock Economic Potential in the Arab Countries in Transition | October 2013, Box 2 |
| Fiscal Adjustment in the United States: Making Sense of the Numbers | April 2013, Box 5 |
| Lessons from Sweden | October 2012, Box 2 |
| The “Two-Pack”: Further Reforms to Fiscal Governance in the Euro Area | October 2012, Box 6 |
| Ireland: The Impact of Crisis and Fiscal Policies on Inequality | October 2012, Box 8 |
| The “Fiscal Compact”: Reforming EU Fiscal Governance | April 2012, Box 5 |
| Experience with Large Fiscal Adjustment Plans in Ireland and Portugal | April 2012, Box A2.1 |
| Subnational Government Response to the Financial Crisis in the United States and Canada | April 2012, Box A3.1 |
| The Dog That Didn’t Bark (So Far): Low Interest Rates in the United States and Japan | September 2011, Chapter 3 |
| United States: Government-Sponsored Enterprises and Contingent Liabilities | September 2011, Box 1 |
| Fiscal Aspects of EU Economic Governance Reforms | April 2011, Box 4.1 |
| The U.S. National Commission Report | April 2011, Box A5.1 |
| The European Union: Reforming Fiscal Governance | November 2010, Box 3.2 |
| Increasing Social Expenditures and Household Consumption in China | May 2010, Box 4 |
| Health Care Reforms in the United States | May 2010, Box 5 |
| Global Spillovers from the Fiscal Packages in the European Union, and the United States | October 2021, Online Annex 1.1 |
| Long-Term Distributional Impact of the American Families Plan | October 2021, Box 1.1; Online Annex 1.2 |
| Fiscal Developments in Countries Participating in the Debt Suspension Initiative | October 2021, Box 1.2 |
| Persistent Consequences of Wealth Inequality for the Next Generation’s Income: The Case of Norway | April 2021, Box 2.1 |
| A Wave of Protests: Economic Reforms and Social Unrest | April 2020, Box 1.2 |
| Fiscal Measures in Selected Economies in Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic | April 2020, Special Feature Online Annex 1.1 |
| The Macroeconomic Effects of Public Investment: A Model-Based Analysis | April 2020, Online Annex 2.1 |
| China: State-Owned Enterprises Remain Key Players | April 2020, Online Annex 3.1 |
| Brazil: A Complex and, at Times, Turbulent Relationship between SOEs and the Government | April 2020, Online Annex 3.2 |
| Ghana: Risks in SOEs Can Spill Over to Other Sectors and the Budget | April 2020, Online Annex 3.5 |
| How to Get the Most Out of SOEs: The Nordic Example | April 2020, Online Annex 3.7 |
| China: How Can Fiscal Policy Support Economic Activity and Rebalancing? | April 2019, Box 1.2 |
| The Distributional Effects of Income Tax Cuts in the United States | April 2018, Box 1.2 |
| International Tax Policy Implications from US Corporate Tax Reform | April 2018, Box 1.3 |
| General Government Debt and Fiscal Risks in China | April 2018, Box 1.4 |
| Digital Government | April 2018, Chapter 2 |
| Digitalization Advances in Revenue Administration in South Africa and Estonia | April 2018, Box 2.1 |
| The Digitalization of Public Finances: Country Case Studies | April 2018, Annex 2.1 |
| Bolivia: Inequality Decline during a Commodity Boom | October 2017, Box 1.3 |
| Adopting a Universal Basic Income to Support Subsidy Reform in India | October 2017, Box 1.6 |
| Model Simulations | October 2017, Annex 1.3 |
| Making Growth More Inclusive in China | April 2017, Box 1.3 |
| Colombia: Labor Tax Reform and the Shift from Informal to Formal Employment | April 2017, Box 2.2 |
| Mozambique: Differential Tax Treatment across Firms | April 2017, Box 2.3 |
| Innovation in Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa (BRICS) | October 2016, Box 2.4 |
| Lowflation and Debt in the Euro Area | October 2014, Box 1.1 |
| Fiscal Challenges in the Pacific Island Countries | April 2014, Box 1.3 |
| Fiscal Reforms to Unlock Economic Potential in the Arab Countries in Transition | October 2013, Box 2 |
| Fiscal Adjustment in the United States: Making Sense of the Numbers | April 2013, Box 5 |
| Lessons from Sweden | October 2012, Box 2 |
| The “Two-Pack”: Further Reforms to Fiscal Governance in the Euro Area | October 2012, Box 6 |
| Ireland: The Impact of Crisis and Fiscal Policies on Inequality | October 2012, Box 8 |
| The “Fiscal Compact”: Reforming EU Fiscal Governance | April 2012, Box 5 |
| Experience with Large Fiscal Adjustment Plans in Ireland and Portugal | April 2012, Box A2.1 |
| Subnational Government Response to the Financial Crisis in the United States and Canada | April 2012, Box A3.1 |
| The Dog That Didn’t Bark (So Far): Low Interest Rates in the United States and Japan | September 2011, Chapter 3 |
| United States: Government-Sponsored Enterprises and Contingent Liabilities | September 2011, Box 1 |
| Fiscal Aspects of EU Economic Governance Reforms | April 2011, Box 4.1 |
| The U.S. National Commission Report | April 2011, Box A5.1 |
| The European Union: Reforming Fiscal Governance | November 2010, Box 3.2 |
| Increasing Social Expenditures and Household Consumption in China | May 2010, Box 4 |
| Health Care Reforms in the United States | May 2010, Box 5 |
IV. Crises, Shocks
| Evaluating How Well Scenarios in Debt Sustainability Analyses Capture Key Fiscal Risks | October 2021, Box 2.1 |
| Financing Constraints and the Strategy for Investment | October 2020, Online Annex 2.1 |
| Assessing the Impact of the COVID-19 Crisis on Monthly Investment Budgets | October 2020, Online Annex 2.2 |
| Database of Country Fiscal Measures in Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic | October 2020, Online Only |
| An Unprecedented Fiscal Response: A Closer Look | October 2020, Box 1.2 |
| Policies to Support People During the COVID-19 Pandemic | April 2020, Chapter 1 |
| Fiscal Measures in Selected Economies in Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic | April 2020, Online Annex 1.1 |
| Fiscal Implications of Potential Stress in Global Financial Markets | April 2019, Box 1.1 |
| Learning from the Crisis? Taxation and Financial Stability | October 2013, Box 3 |
| Ireland: The Impact of Crisis and Fiscal Policies on Inequality | October 2012, Box 8 |
| The Impact of the Global Financial Crisis on Subnational Government Finances | April 2012, Appendix 3 |
| The Evolution of Seigniorage during the Crisis | April 2012, Box 4 |
| Subnational Government Response to the Financial Crisis in the United States and Canada | April 2012, Box A3.1 |
| The Legacy of the Crisis: How Long Will It Take to Lower Public Debt? | September 2011, Chapter 5 |
| The G-20 Economies: Crisis-Related Discretionary Fiscal Stimulus | November 2010, Box 1.1 |
| Update on Crisis-Related Discretionary Fiscal Stimulus in G-20 Economies | May 2010, Appendix 1 |
| The Impact of the Crisis on Subnational Governments | May 2010, Appendix 4 |
| Evaluating How Well Scenarios in Debt Sustainability Analyses Capture Key Fiscal Risks | October 2021, Box 2.1 |
| Financing Constraints and the Strategy for Investment | October 2020, Online Annex 2.1 |
| Assessing the Impact of the COVID-19 Crisis on Monthly Investment Budgets | October 2020, Online Annex 2.2 |
| Database of Country Fiscal Measures in Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic | October 2020, Online Only |
| An Unprecedented Fiscal Response: A Closer Look | October 2020, Box 1.2 |
| Policies to Support People During the COVID-19 Pandemic | April 2020, Chapter 1 |
| Fiscal Measures in Selected Economies in Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic | April 2020, Online Annex 1.1 |
| Fiscal Implications of Potential Stress in Global Financial Markets | April 2019, Box 1.1 |
| Learning from the Crisis? Taxation and Financial Stability | October 2013, Box 3 |
| Ireland: The Impact of Crisis and Fiscal Policies on Inequality | October 2012, Box 8 |
| The Impact of the Global Financial Crisis on Subnational Government Finances | April 2012, Appendix 3 |
| The Evolution of Seigniorage during the Crisis | April 2012, Box 4 |
| Subnational Government Response to the Financial Crisis in the United States and Canada | April 2012, Box A3.1 |
| The Legacy of the Crisis: How Long Will It Take to Lower Public Debt? | September 2011, Chapter 5 |
| The G-20 Economies: Crisis-Related Discretionary Fiscal Stimulus | November 2010, Box 1.1 |
| Update on Crisis-Related Discretionary Fiscal Stimulus in G-20 Economies | May 2010, Appendix 1 |
| The Impact of the Crisis on Subnational Governments | May 2010, Appendix 4 |
V. Emerging Markets
| General Government Debt and Fiscal Risks in China | April 2018, Box 1.4 |
| Digitalization Advances in Revenue Administration in South Africa and Estonia | April 2018, Box 2.1 |
| The Digitalization of Public Finances: Country Case Studies | April 2018, Annex 2.1 |
| Innovation in Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa (BRICS) | October 2016, Box 2.4 |
| Nonresident Holdings of Emerging Market Economy Debt | April 2014, Box 1.2 |
| Potential Sources of Contingent Liabilities in Emerging Market Economies | April 2013, Box 4 |
| Fiscal Fundamentals and Global Spillovers in Emerging Economies | April 2012, Box 2 |
| Too Good to Be True? Fiscal Developments in Emerging Economies | September 2011, Chapter 4 |
| Determinants of Domestic Bond Yields in Emerging Economies | September 2011, Box 4 |
| General Government Debt and Fiscal Risks in China | April 2018, Box 1.4 |
| Digitalization Advances in Revenue Administration in South Africa and Estonia | April 2018, Box 2.1 |
| The Digitalization of Public Finances: Country Case Studies | April 2018, Annex 2.1 |
| Innovation in Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa (BRICS) | October 2016, Box 2.4 |
| Nonresident Holdings of Emerging Market Economy Debt | April 2014, Box 1.2 |
| Potential Sources of Contingent Liabilities in Emerging Market Economies | April 2013, Box 4 |
| Fiscal Fundamentals and Global Spillovers in Emerging Economies | April 2012, Box 2 |
| Too Good to Be True? Fiscal Developments in Emerging Economies | September 2011, Chapter 4 |
| Determinants of Domestic Bond Yields in Emerging Economies | September 2011, Box 4 |
VI. Employment
| The Direct Labor Impact of Public Investment | October 2020, Online Annex 2.4 |
| Colombia: Labor Tax Reform and the Shift from Informal to Formal Employment | April 2017, Box 2.2 |
| Can Fiscal Policies Do More for Jobs? | October 2014, Chapter 2 |
| Methodology for Estimating the Impact of Fiscal Consolidation on Employment | October 2014, Appendix 1 |
| Do Old Workers Crowd Out the Youth? | October 2014, Box 2.2 |
| Fiscal Policies to Address Weak Employment | October 2012, Appendix 2 |
| The Direct Labor Impact of Public Investment | October 2020, Online Annex 2.4 |
| Colombia: Labor Tax Reform and the Shift from Informal to Formal Employment | April 2017, Box 2.2 |
| Can Fiscal Policies Do More for Jobs? | October 2014, Chapter 2 |
| Methodology for Estimating the Impact of Fiscal Consolidation on Employment | October 2014, Appendix 1 |
| Do Old Workers Crowd Out the Youth? | October 2014, Box 2.2 |
| Fiscal Policies to Address Weak Employment | October 2012, Appendix 2 |
VII. Financial Sector
| State-Owned Banks | April 2020, Box 3.2 |
| The Fiscal Implications of International Bond Issuance by Low-Income Developing Countries | October 2014, Box 1.2 |
| Nonresident Holdings of Emerging Market Economy Debt | April 2014, Box 1.2 |
| A One-Of Capital Levy? | October 2013, Box 6 |
| Bond Yields and Stability of the Investor Base | April 2013, Box 3 |
| Long-Run and Short-Run Determinants of Sovereign Bond Yields in Advanced Economies | October 2012, Box 3 |
| Financial Sector Support | October 2012, Box 4 |
| Reassuring Markets about Fiscal Sustainability in the Euro Area | September 2011, Chapter 2 |
| Determinants of Domestic Bond Yields in Emerging Economies | September 2011, Box 4 |
| Financial Sector Support and Recovery to Date | September 2011, Box 7 |
| Financial Sector Support and Recovery to Date | April 2011, Box 1.1 |
| Sovereign Financing and Government Debt Markets | November 2010, Chapter 2 |
| Market Concerns about Economies and Default Risks | November 2010, Box 2.1 |
| Advanced Economies: Financial Market Spillovers among Sovereigns | November 2010, Box 2.2 |
| Are Sovereign Spreads Linked to Fundamentals? | November 2010, Appendix 2 |
| Measures to Finance the Cost of Financial Sector Support | May 2010, Box 3 |
| State-Owned Banks | April 2020, Box 3.2 |
| The Fiscal Implications of International Bond Issuance by Low-Income Developing Countries | October 2014, Box 1.2 |
| Nonresident Holdings of Emerging Market Economy Debt | April 2014, Box 1.2 |
| A One-Of Capital Levy? | October 2013, Box 6 |
| Bond Yields and Stability of the Investor Base | April 2013, Box 3 |
| Long-Run and Short-Run Determinants of Sovereign Bond Yields in Advanced Economies | October 2012, Box 3 |
| Financial Sector Support | October 2012, Box 4 |
| Reassuring Markets about Fiscal Sustainability in the Euro Area | September 2011, Chapter 2 |
| Determinants of Domestic Bond Yields in Emerging Economies | September 2011, Box 4 |
| Financial Sector Support and Recovery to Date | September 2011, Box 7 |
| Financial Sector Support and Recovery to Date | April 2011, Box 1.1 |
| Sovereign Financing and Government Debt Markets | November 2010, Chapter 2 |
| Market Concerns about Economies and Default Risks | November 2010, Box 2.1 |
| Advanced Economies: Financial Market Spillovers among Sovereigns | November 2010, Box 2.2 |
| Are Sovereign Spreads Linked to Fundamentals? | November 2010, Appendix 2 |
| Measures to Finance the Cost of Financial Sector Support | May 2010, Box 3 |
VIII. Fiscal Outlook
| Policy in an Uncertain Recovery | October 2021, Chapter 1 |
| Policies to Support People during the COVID-19 Pandemic | April 2020, Chapter 1 |
| Fiscal Policy for a Changing Global Economy | April 2019, Chapter 1 |
| Saving for a Rainy Day | April 2018, Chapter 1 |
| Recent Fiscal Developments and Outlook | April 2017, Chapter 1 |
| Navigating a Risky World | October 2016, Chapter 1 |
| Recent Fiscal Developments and Outlook | April 2015, Chapter 1 |
| Recent Fiscal Developments and Outlook | October 2014, Chapter 1 |
| Recent Fiscal Developments and Outlook | April 2014, Chapter 1 |
| Recent Fiscal Developments and the Short-Term Outlook | October 2013, Chapter 1 |
| Recent Fiscal Developments and the Short-Term Outlook | April 2013, Chapter 1 |
| The Fiscal Outlook | October 2012, Chapter 1 |
| Moving Forward | October 2012, Chapter 3 |
| Continued Fiscal Tightening Is in Store for 2012, Particularly among Advanced Economies | April 2012, Chapter 1 |
| Conclusion and Risk Assessment | April 2012, Chapter 7 |
| Addressing Fiscal Challenges to Reduce Economic Risks: Introduction | September 2011, Chapter 1 |
| Too Good to Be True? Fiscal Developments in Emerging Economies | September 2011, Chapter 4 |
| Addressing Fiscal Challenges to Reduce Economic Risks: Conclusion | September 2011, Chapter 7 |
| Risk to the Baseline | September 2011, Box 2 |
| Fiscal Developments in Oil-Producing Economies | September 2011, Box 3 |
| The Fiscal Indicators Index | September 2011, Box 5 |
| Shocks to the Baseline Fiscal Outlook | April 2011, Chapter 3 |
| Fiscal Developments and Near-Term Outlook | November 2010, Chapter 1 |
| Fiscal Adjustment Plans and Medium-Term Fiscal Outlook | November 2010, Chapter 3 |
| Assessing Fiscal Risks | November 2010, Chapter 4 |
| The Near- and Medium-Term Fiscal Outlook | May 2010, Chapter 1 |
| Policy in an Uncertain Recovery | October 2021, Chapter 1 |
| Policies to Support People during the COVID-19 Pandemic | April 2020, Chapter 1 |
| Fiscal Policy for a Changing Global Economy | April 2019, Chapter 1 |
| Saving for a Rainy Day | April 2018, Chapter 1 |
| Recent Fiscal Developments and Outlook | April 2017, Chapter 1 |
| Navigating a Risky World | October 2016, Chapter 1 |
| Recent Fiscal Developments and Outlook | April 2015, Chapter 1 |
| Recent Fiscal Developments and Outlook | October 2014, Chapter 1 |
| Recent Fiscal Developments and Outlook | April 2014, Chapter 1 |
| Recent Fiscal Developments and the Short-Term Outlook | October 2013, Chapter 1 |
| Recent Fiscal Developments and the Short-Term Outlook | April 2013, Chapter 1 |
| The Fiscal Outlook | October 2012, Chapter 1 |
| Moving Forward | October 2012, Chapter 3 |
| Continued Fiscal Tightening Is in Store for 2012, Particularly among Advanced Economies | April 2012, Chapter 1 |
| Conclusion and Risk Assessment | April 2012, Chapter 7 |
| Addressing Fiscal Challenges to Reduce Economic Risks: Introduction | September 2011, Chapter 1 |
| Too Good to Be True? Fiscal Developments in Emerging Economies | September 2011, Chapter 4 |
| Addressing Fiscal Challenges to Reduce Economic Risks: Conclusion | September 2011, Chapter 7 |
| Risk to the Baseline | September 2011, Box 2 |
| Fiscal Developments in Oil-Producing Economies | September 2011, Box 3 |
| The Fiscal Indicators Index | September 2011, Box 5 |
| Shocks to the Baseline Fiscal Outlook | April 2011, Chapter 3 |
| Fiscal Developments and Near-Term Outlook | November 2010, Chapter 1 |
| Fiscal Adjustment Plans and Medium-Term Fiscal Outlook | November 2010, Chapter 3 |
| Assessing Fiscal Risks | November 2010, Chapter 4 |
| The Near- and Medium-Term Fiscal Outlook | May 2010, Chapter 1 |
IX. Government Debt
| Strengthening the Credibility of Public Finances | October 2021, Chapter 2 |
| Capitalizing on Good Times | April 2018 |
| Private Debt and Its Discontents | April 2018, Box 1.1 |
| General Government Debt and Fiscal Risks in China | April 2018, Box 1.4 |
| Can Countries Sustain Higher Levels of Public Debt? | April 2017, Box 1.4 |
| Do Fiscal Rules Lower Sovereign Borrowing Costs in Countries with Weak Track Records of Fiscal Performance? | April 2017, Box 1.5 |
| Debt: Use It Wisely | October 2016, Chapter 1 |
| Debt Data Set | October 2016, Annex 1.1 |
| Private and Public Debt and the Pace of the Recovery | October 2016, Annex 1.2 |
| Interlinkages between Public and Private Debt: Selected Summary of the Literature | October 2016, Annex 1.3 |
| Policies during Deleveraging Episodes | October 2016, Annex 1.5 |
| How Much Do Financial Markets Value Government Balance Sheets? | October 2016, Box 1.5 |
| Skeletons in the Closet? Shedding Light on Contingent Liabilities | April 2016, Box 1.3 |
| Lowflation and Debt in the Euro Area | October 2014, Box 1.1 |
| Moment of Truth: Unfunded Pension Liabilities and Public Debt Statistics | April 2014, Box 1.1 |
| Public Debt Dynamics and Fiscal Adjustment in Low-Income Countries in Sub-Saharan Africa | April 2013, Box 6 |
| Debt Ratios Are Still on the Rise, but Peaks Are within Sight | April 2012, Chapter 2 |
| High Gross Debt Levels May Overstate Challenges in the Short Run … | April 2012, Chapter 4 |
| … But Long-Run Debt-Related Challenges Remain Large | April 2012, Chapter 5 |
| The Legacy of the Crisis: How Long Will It Take to Lower Public Debt? | September 2011, Chapter 5 |
| Factors Underlying the Debt Increase Precrisis versus End-2015 | September 2011, Box 6 |
| The Importance of Monitoring Both Gross and Net Debt | September 2011, Appendix 3 |
| Stock-Flow Adjustments and Their Determinants | September 2011, Appendix 4 |
| Fiscal Deficits and Debts: Development and Outlook | April 2011, Chapter 1 |
| Sovereign Financing and Government Debt Markets | April 2011, Chapter 2 |
| Debt Dynamics and the Interest Rate–Growth Differential | April 2011, Box 3.1 |
| Sovereign Financing and Government Debt Markets | November 2010, Chapter 2 |
| Are Sovereign Spreads Linked to Fundamentals? | November 2010, Appendix 2 |
| Risks to Medium-Term Public Debt Trajectories; Methodological and Statistical Appendix | November 2010, Appendix 4 |
| Implications of Fiscal Developments for Government Debt Markets | May 2010, Chapter 2 |
| Debt Dynamics in G-20 Economies: An Update | May 2010, Box 1 |
| Gross versus Net Debt | May 2010, Box 2 |
| Fiscal Adjustment Requirements: Gross and Net Debt Targets | May 2010, Appendix 2 |
| Government Debt and Growth | May 2010, Appendix 3 |
| Strengthening the Credibility of Public Finances | October 2021, Chapter 2 |
| Capitalizing on Good Times | April 2018 |
| Private Debt and Its Discontents | April 2018, Box 1.1 |
| General Government Debt and Fiscal Risks in China | April 2018, Box 1.4 |
| Can Countries Sustain Higher Levels of Public Debt? | April 2017, Box 1.4 |
| Do Fiscal Rules Lower Sovereign Borrowing Costs in Countries with Weak Track Records of Fiscal Performance? | April 2017, Box 1.5 |
| Debt: Use It Wisely | October 2016, Chapter 1 |
| Debt Data Set | October 2016, Annex 1.1 |
| Private and Public Debt and the Pace of the Recovery | October 2016, Annex 1.2 |
| Interlinkages between Public and Private Debt: Selected Summary of the Literature | October 2016, Annex 1.3 |
| Policies during Deleveraging Episodes | October 2016, Annex 1.5 |
| How Much Do Financial Markets Value Government Balance Sheets? | October 2016, Box 1.5 |
| Skeletons in the Closet? Shedding Light on Contingent Liabilities | April 2016, Box 1.3 |
| Lowflation and Debt in the Euro Area | October 2014, Box 1.1 |
| Moment of Truth: Unfunded Pension Liabilities and Public Debt Statistics | April 2014, Box 1.1 |
| Public Debt Dynamics and Fiscal Adjustment in Low-Income Countries in Sub-Saharan Africa | April 2013, Box 6 |
| Debt Ratios Are Still on the Rise, but Peaks Are within Sight | April 2012, Chapter 2 |
| High Gross Debt Levels May Overstate Challenges in the Short Run … | April 2012, Chapter 4 |
| … But Long-Run Debt-Related Challenges Remain Large | April 2012, Chapter 5 |
| The Legacy of the Crisis: How Long Will It Take to Lower Public Debt? | September 2011, Chapter 5 |
| Factors Underlying the Debt Increase Precrisis versus End-2015 | September 2011, Box 6 |
| The Importance of Monitoring Both Gross and Net Debt | September 2011, Appendix 3 |
| Stock-Flow Adjustments and Their Determinants | September 2011, Appendix 4 |
| Fiscal Deficits and Debts: Development and Outlook | April 2011, Chapter 1 |
| Sovereign Financing and Government Debt Markets | April 2011, Chapter 2 |
| Debt Dynamics and the Interest Rate–Growth Differential | April 2011, Box 3.1 |
| Sovereign Financing and Government Debt Markets | November 2010, Chapter 2 |
| Are Sovereign Spreads Linked to Fundamentals? | November 2010, Appendix 2 |
| Risks to Medium-Term Public Debt Trajectories; Methodological and Statistical Appendix | November 2010, Appendix 4 |
| Implications of Fiscal Developments for Government Debt Markets | May 2010, Chapter 2 |
| Debt Dynamics in G-20 Economies: An Update | May 2010, Box 1 |
| Gross versus Net Debt | May 2010, Box 2 |
| Fiscal Adjustment Requirements: Gross and Net Debt Targets | May 2010, Appendix 2 |
| Government Debt and Growth | May 2010, Appendix 3 |
X. Private Debt
| Private Debt and Public Sector Risk | October 2020, Box 1.1 |
| Private Debt and Its Discontents | April 2018, Box 1.1 |
| Debt: Use It Wisely | October 2016, Chapter 1 |
| Debt Data Set | October 2016, Annex 1.1 |
| Private and Public Debt and the Pace of Recovery | October 2016, Annex 1.2 |
| Interlinkages between Public and Private Debt: Selected Summary of the Literature | October 2016, Annex 1.3 |
| Private Deleveraging and the Role of Fiscal Policy | October 2016, Annex 1.4 |
| Policies during Deleveraging Episodes | October 2016, Annex 1.5 |
| Benefits of Targeted Fiscal Intervention during Times of Private Deleveraging | October 2016, Box 1.4 |
| Private Debt and Public Sector Risk | October 2020, Box 1.1 |
| Private Debt and Its Discontents | April 2018, Box 1.1 |
| Debt: Use It Wisely | October 2016, Chapter 1 |
| Debt Data Set | October 2016, Annex 1.1 |
| Private and Public Debt and the Pace of Recovery | October 2016, Annex 1.2 |
| Interlinkages between Public and Private Debt: Selected Summary of the Literature | October 2016, Annex 1.3 |
| Private Deleveraging and the Role of Fiscal Policy | October 2016, Annex 1.4 |
| Policies during Deleveraging Episodes | October 2016, Annex 1.5 |
| Benefits of Targeted Fiscal Intervention during Times of Private Deleveraging | October 2016, Box 1.4 |
XI. Growth
| IDEAS to Respond to Weaker Growth | April 2020, Chapter 2 |
| Factors Underlying Low Growth and Low Interest Rates | April 2020, Box 2.1 |
| Fiscal Policy for a Changing Global Economy | April 2019, Chapter 1 |
| China: How Can Fiscal Policy Support Economic Activity and Rebalancing? | April 2019, Box 1.2 |
| Tackling Inequality | October 2017, Chapter 1 |
| A Greater Role for Fiscal Policy | April 2017, Chapter 1 |
| Upgrading the Ta x System to Boost Productivity | April 2017, Chapter 2 |
| Making Growth More Inclusive in China | April 2017, Box 1.3 |
| Taxation and Growth: Details Matter | October 2013, Box 4 |
| Debt Dynamics and the Interest Rate–Growth Differential | April 2011, Box 3.1 |
| Interest Rate–Growth Differential | November 2010, Appendix 1 |
| Government Debt and Growth | May 2010, Appendix 3 |
| IDEAS to Respond to Weaker Growth | April 2020, Chapter 2 |
| Factors Underlying Low Growth and Low Interest Rates | April 2020, Box 2.1 |
| Fiscal Policy for a Changing Global Economy | April 2019, Chapter 1 |
| China: How Can Fiscal Policy Support Economic Activity and Rebalancing? | April 2019, Box 1.2 |
| Tackling Inequality | October 2017, Chapter 1 |
| A Greater Role for Fiscal Policy | April 2017, Chapter 1 |
| Upgrading the Ta x System to Boost Productivity | April 2017, Chapter 2 |
| Making Growth More Inclusive in China | April 2017, Box 1.3 |
| Taxation and Growth: Details Matter | October 2013, Box 4 |
| Debt Dynamics and the Interest Rate–Growth Differential | April 2011, Box 3.1 |
| Interest Rate–Growth Differential | November 2010, Appendix 1 |
| Government Debt and Growth | May 2010, Appendix 3 |
XII. Innovation, Entrepreneurship, Research, Development, and Investment
| Public Investment for the Recovery | October 2020, Chapter 2 |
| Maintaining Quality When Scaling Up Public Investment | October 2020, Online Annex 2.3 |
| How Green Is the Fiscal Response to the COVID-19 Crisis? | October 2020, Box 1.2 |
| Estimating Public Investment Needs for Climate Change Adaptation | October 2020, Box 2.1 |
| The Macroeconomic Effects of Public Investment: A Model-Based Analysis | April 2020, Online Annex 2.1 |
| Digital Government | April 2018, Chapter 2 |
| The Role of Patents for Innovation | October 2016, Box 2.1 |
| Fiscal Policy and Green Innovation | October 2016, Box 2.2 |
| Does Preferential Tax Treatment of Income from Intellectual Property Promote Innovation? | October 2016, Box 2.3 |
| Innovation in Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa (BRICS) | October 2016, Box 2.4 |
| Programs for Young Innovators and Start-Ups | October 2016, Box 2.5 |
| Fiscal Policy, Research and Development, and Total Factor Productivity Growth | October 2016, Annex 2.1 |
| Corrective Fiscal Incentives for Research and Development | October 2016, Annex 2.2 |
| Taxation and Entrepreneurship | October 2016, Annex 2.4 |
| Fiscal Policies for Innovation and Growth | April 2016, Chapter 2 |
| Public Investment for the Recovery | October 2020, Chapter 2 |
| Maintaining Quality When Scaling Up Public Investment | October 2020, Online Annex 2.3 |
| How Green Is the Fiscal Response to the COVID-19 Crisis? | October 2020, Box 1.2 |
| Estimating Public Investment Needs for Climate Change Adaptation | October 2020, Box 2.1 |
| The Macroeconomic Effects of Public Investment: A Model-Based Analysis | April 2020, Online Annex 2.1 |
| Digital Government | April 2018, Chapter 2 |
| The Role of Patents for Innovation | October 2016, Box 2.1 |
| Fiscal Policy and Green Innovation | October 2016, Box 2.2 |
| Does Preferential Tax Treatment of Income from Intellectual Property Promote Innovation? | October 2016, Box 2.3 |
| Innovation in Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa (BRICS) | October 2016, Box 2.4 |
| Programs for Young Innovators and Start-Ups | October 2016, Box 2.5 |
| Fiscal Policy, Research and Development, and Total Factor Productivity Growth | October 2016, Annex 2.1 |
| Corrective Fiscal Incentives for Research and Development | October 2016, Annex 2.2 |
| Taxation and Entrepreneurship | October 2016, Annex 2.4 |
| Fiscal Policies for Innovation and Growth | April 2016, Chapter 2 |
XIII. Interest Rates
| The Weakened Relation between Sovereign Spreads and Debt | October 2021, Online Annex 2.2 |
| Fiscal Credibility Indicators Using Private Forecasts | October 2021, Online Annex 2.4 |
| The Dog That Didn’t Bark (So Far): Low Interest Rates in the United States and Japan | September 2011, Chapter 3 |
| Debt Dynamics and the Interest Rate–Growth Differential | April 2011, Box 3.1 |
| Interest Rate–Growth Differential | November 2010, Appendix 1 |
| The Weakened Relation between Sovereign Spreads and Debt | October 2021, Online Annex 2.2 |
| Fiscal Credibility Indicators Using Private Forecasts | October 2021, Online Annex 2.4 |
| The Dog That Didn’t Bark (So Far): Low Interest Rates in the United States and Japan | September 2011, Chapter 3 |
| Debt Dynamics and the Interest Rate–Growth Differential | April 2011, Box 3.1 |
| Interest Rate–Growth Differential | November 2010, Appendix 1 |
XIV. Low-Income Countries
| Fiscal Developments in Countries Participating in the Debt Suspension Initiative | October 2021, Box 1.2 |
| Digital Government | April 2018, Chapter 2 |
| Digitalization and Property Taxation in Developing Economies | April 2018, Box 2.2 |
| Digitalizing Government Payments in Developing Economies | April 2018, Box 2.3 |
| The Digitalization of Public Finances: Country Case Studies | April 2018, Annex 2.1 |
| The Fiscal Implications of Slowing Global Trade for Emerging Market and Developing Economies | April 2016, Box 1.1 |
| The Fiscal Implications of International Bond Issuance by Low-Income Developing Countries | October 2014, Box 1.2 |
| Confronting Trade-Offs: Accommodating Spending Pressures in Low-Income Countries | September 2011, Chapter 6 |
| Global Fuel and Food Price Shocks and Fiscal Performance in Low-Income Countries | September 2011, Box 8 |
| Fiscal Developments in Countries Participating in the Debt Suspension Initiative | October 2021, Box 1.2 |
| Digital Government | April 2018, Chapter 2 |
| Digitalization and Property Taxation in Developing Economies | April 2018, Box 2.2 |
| Digitalizing Government Payments in Developing Economies | April 2018, Box 2.3 |
| The Digitalization of Public Finances: Country Case Studies | April 2018, Annex 2.1 |
| The Fiscal Implications of Slowing Global Trade for Emerging Market and Developing Economies | April 2016, Box 1.1 |
| The Fiscal Implications of International Bond Issuance by Low-Income Developing Countries | October 2014, Box 1.2 |
| Confronting Trade-Offs: Accommodating Spending Pressures in Low-Income Countries | September 2011, Chapter 6 |
| Global Fuel and Food Price Shocks and Fiscal Performance in Low-Income Countries | September 2011, Box 8 |
XV. Policy and Reform
| Fiscal Policies to Address the COVID-19 Pandemic | October 2020, Chapter 1 |
| IDEAS to Respond to Weaker Growth | April 2020, Chapter 2 |
| Capitalizing on Good Times | April 2018 |
| Tackling Inequality | October 2017, Chapter 1 |
| Upgrading the Tax System to Boost Productivity | April 2017, Chapter 2 |
| What Are the Budgetary Costs and Gains of Structural Reforms? | April 2017, Box 1.2 |
| Do Fiscal Rules Lower Sovereign Borrowing Costs in Countries with Weak Track Records of Fiscal Performance? | April 2017, Box 1.5 |
| Debt: Use It Wisely | October 2016, Chapter 1 |
| Policies during Deleveraging Episodes | October 2016, Annex 1.5 |
| Benefits of Targeted Fiscal Interventions at Times of Private Deleveraging | October 2016, Box 1.4 |
| An Active, Supportive Role for Fiscal Policy | April 2015, Chapter 1 |
| Can Fiscal Policy Stabilize Output? | April 2015, Chapter 2 |
| Public Expenditure Reform: Making Difficult Choices | April 2014, Chapter 2 |
| Expenditure Rules: Effective Tools for Sound Fiscal Policy | April 2014, Appendix 1 |
| The Future of the State: Testing the Wagner and Baumol Hypotheses | April 2014, Box 2.1 |
| Fiscal Reforms to Unlock Economic Potential in the Arab Countries in Transition | October 2013, Box 2 |
| Tricks of the Trade | October 2013, Box 5 |
| How Can Fiscal Councils Strengthen Fiscal Performance? | April 2013, Box 1 |
| Commonly Used Definitions of the Fiscal Balance | October 2012, Box 1 |
| The “Two-Pack”: Further Reforms to Fiscal Governance in the Euro Area | October 2012, Box 6 |
| Anchoring Medium-Term Fiscal Credibility: The Second Generation of Fiscal Rules | April 2012, Chapter 6 |
| Measuring Fiscal Space: A Critical Review of Existing Methodologies | April 2012, Box 1 |
| The “Fiscal Compact”: Reforming EU Fiscal Governance | April 2012, Box 5 |
| Assessing the Cyclicality of Subnational Government Policies | April 2012, Box A3.2 |
| “Fiscal Devaluation”: What Is It—and Does It Work? | September 2011, Appendix 1 |
| Fiscal Aspects of EU Economic Governance Reforms | April 2011, Box 4.1 |
| Fiscal Transparency under Pressure | April 2011, Appendix 2 |
| The European Union: Reforming Fiscal Governance | November 2010, Box 3.2 |
| Fiscal Rules—Recent Developments | May 2010, Box 7 |
| Fiscal Policies to Address the COVID-19 Pandemic | October 2020, Chapter 1 |
| IDEAS to Respond to Weaker Growth | April 2020, Chapter 2 |
| Capitalizing on Good Times | April 2018 |
| Tackling Inequality | October 2017, Chapter 1 |
| Upgrading the Tax System to Boost Productivity | April 2017, Chapter 2 |
| What Are the Budgetary Costs and Gains of Structural Reforms? | April 2017, Box 1.2 |
| Do Fiscal Rules Lower Sovereign Borrowing Costs in Countries with Weak Track Records of Fiscal Performance? | April 2017, Box 1.5 |
| Debt: Use It Wisely | October 2016, Chapter 1 |
| Policies during Deleveraging Episodes | October 2016, Annex 1.5 |
| Benefits of Targeted Fiscal Interventions at Times of Private Deleveraging | October 2016, Box 1.4 |
| An Active, Supportive Role for Fiscal Policy | April 2015, Chapter 1 |
| Can Fiscal Policy Stabilize Output? | April 2015, Chapter 2 |
| Public Expenditure Reform: Making Difficult Choices | April 2014, Chapter 2 |
| Expenditure Rules: Effective Tools for Sound Fiscal Policy | April 2014, Appendix 1 |
| The Future of the State: Testing the Wagner and Baumol Hypotheses | April 2014, Box 2.1 |
| Fiscal Reforms to Unlock Economic Potential in the Arab Countries in Transition | October 2013, Box 2 |
| Tricks of the Trade | October 2013, Box 5 |
| How Can Fiscal Councils Strengthen Fiscal Performance? | April 2013, Box 1 |
| Commonly Used Definitions of the Fiscal Balance | October 2012, Box 1 |
| The “Two-Pack”: Further Reforms to Fiscal Governance in the Euro Area | October 2012, Box 6 |
| Anchoring Medium-Term Fiscal Credibility: The Second Generation of Fiscal Rules | April 2012, Chapter 6 |
| Measuring Fiscal Space: A Critical Review of Existing Methodologies | April 2012, Box 1 |
| The “Fiscal Compact”: Reforming EU Fiscal Governance | April 2012, Box 5 |
| Assessing the Cyclicality of Subnational Government Policies | April 2012, Box A3.2 |
| “Fiscal Devaluation”: What Is It—and Does It Work? | September 2011, Appendix 1 |
| Fiscal Aspects of EU Economic Governance Reforms | April 2011, Box 4.1 |
| Fiscal Transparency under Pressure | April 2011, Appendix 2 |
| The European Union: Reforming Fiscal Governance | November 2010, Box 3.2 |
| Fiscal Rules—Recent Developments | May 2010, Box 7 |
XVI. Privatization, Public Enterprises
| Experience with Privatization | April 2020, Box 3.1 |
| General Government Nonfinancial Assets: What Do We Know? | October 2012, Box 7 |
| Government Shares in Publicly Listed Companies | April 2012, Box 3 |
| United States: Government-Sponsored Enterprises and Contingent Liabilities | September 2011, Box 1 |
| Adjusting Public Capital Stock for Investment Inefficiency | September 2011, Box 9 |
| Insights for Privatization Plans from Previous Large Episodes | September 2011, Appendix 2 |
| Experience with Privatization | April 2020, Box 3.1 |
| General Government Nonfinancial Assets: What Do We Know? | October 2012, Box 7 |
| Government Shares in Publicly Listed Companies | April 2012, Box 3 |
| United States: Government-Sponsored Enterprises and Contingent Liabilities | September 2011, Box 1 |
| Adjusting Public Capital Stock for Investment Inefficiency | September 2011, Box 9 |
| Insights for Privatization Plans from Previous Large Episodes | September 2011, Appendix 2 |
XVII. Revenue
| Digital Government | April 2018, Chapter 2 |
| Digitalization Advances in Revenue Administration in South Africa and Estonia | April 2018, Box 2.1 |
| Digitalization and Property Taxation in Developing Economies | April 2018, Box 2.2 |
| Small Business Taxation and the P2P Economy | April 2018, Box 2.5 |
| The Digitalization of Public Finances: Country Case Studies | April 2018, Annex 2.1 |
| Estimating the Impact of Digitalization on Tax Evasion from Cross-Border Fraud | April 2018, Annex 2.2 |
| Estimating the Distribution of Tax Revenue Collection from Offshore Income and Wealth Following Improved Cross-Country Information Exchange | April 2018, Annex 2.3 |
| Upgrading the Tax System to Boost Productivity | April 2017, Chapter 2 |
| Past, Present, and Future Patterns in Revenues | April 2015, Box 1.1 |
| Assessing Potential Revenue: Two Approaches | October 2013, Appendix 2 |
| Increasing Revenue from Real Property Taxes | October 2013, Appendix 3 |
| Past Episodes of Sustained Fiscal Revenue Increases | May 2010, Box 6 |
| Digital Government | April 2018, Chapter 2 |
| Digitalization Advances in Revenue Administration in South Africa and Estonia | April 2018, Box 2.1 |
| Digitalization and Property Taxation in Developing Economies | April 2018, Box 2.2 |
| Small Business Taxation and the P2P Economy | April 2018, Box 2.5 |
| The Digitalization of Public Finances: Country Case Studies | April 2018, Annex 2.1 |
| Estimating the Impact of Digitalization on Tax Evasion from Cross-Border Fraud | April 2018, Annex 2.2 |
| Estimating the Distribution of Tax Revenue Collection from Offshore Income and Wealth Following Improved Cross-Country Information Exchange | April 2018, Annex 2.3 |
| Upgrading the Tax System to Boost Productivity | April 2017, Chapter 2 |
| Past, Present, and Future Patterns in Revenues | April 2015, Box 1.1 |
| Assessing Potential Revenue: Two Approaches | October 2013, Appendix 2 |
| Increasing Revenue from Real Property Taxes | October 2013, Appendix 3 |
| Past Episodes of Sustained Fiscal Revenue Increases | May 2010, Box 6 |
XVIII. Social Expenditures
| Smart Strategies to Contain the COVID-19 Pandemic | October 2020, Online Annex 1.2 |
| From Lockdown to Recovery: Spending Measures to Support Livelihoods during the COVID-19 Crisis | October 2020, Online Annex 1.3 |
| Understanding the Implications of Different Types of Fiscal Measures for Public Finances | April 2020, Box 1.1 |
| IDEAS to Respond to Weaker Growth | April 2020, Chapter 2 |
| State-Owned Enterprises: The Other Government | April 2020, Chapter 3 |
| Digital Government | April 2018, Chapter 2 |
| Tackling Inequality | October 2017, Chapter 1 |
| The Fiscal Response to the Refugee Influx in Europe | April 2016, Box 1.2 |
| The Pressure of Age-Related Spending on Public Debt in Advanced Economies | April 2015, Box 1.3 |
| Targeted Employer Social Security Contribution Cuts: Lessons from Experiences in Advanced Economies | October 2014, Box 2.1 |
| Public Expenditure Reform: Making Difficult Choices | April 2014, Chapter 2 |
| Moment of Truth: Unfunded Pension Liabilities and Public Debt Statistics | April 2014, Box 1.1 |
| Structural Measures and Social Dialogue | April 2014, Box 2.2 |
| Health System Inefficiencies | April 2014, Box 2.3 |
| Recent Developments in Public Health Spending and Outlook for the Future | October 2013, Appendix 1 |
| Confronting Trade-Offs: Accommodating Spending Pressures in Low-Income Countries | September 2011, Chapter 6 |
| Potential Reform Strategies to Contain the Growth of Public Health Spending | April 2011, Box A1.1 |
| The U.S. National Commission Report | April 2011, Box A5.1 |
| Tackling the Challenge of Health Care Reform in Advanced Economies | April 2011, Appendix 1 |
| Selected Spending and Tax Issues | November 2010, Chapter 5 |
| Advanced Economies: The Outlook for Public Health Spending | November 2010, Box 3.1 |
| Increasing Social Expenditures and Household Consumption in China | May 2010, Box 4 |
| Health Care Reforms in the United States | May 2010, Box 5 |
| Smart Strategies to Contain the COVID-19 Pandemic | October 2020, Online Annex 1.2 |
| From Lockdown to Recovery: Spending Measures to Support Livelihoods during the COVID-19 Crisis | October 2020, Online Annex 1.3 |
| Understanding the Implications of Different Types of Fiscal Measures for Public Finances | April 2020, Box 1.1 |
| IDEAS to Respond to Weaker Growth | April 2020, Chapter 2 |
| State-Owned Enterprises: The Other Government | April 2020, Chapter 3 |
| Digital Government | April 2018, Chapter 2 |
| Tackling Inequality | October 2017, Chapter 1 |
| The Fiscal Response to the Refugee Influx in Europe | April 2016, Box 1.2 |
| The Pressure of Age-Related Spending on Public Debt in Advanced Economies | April 2015, Box 1.3 |
| Targeted Employer Social Security Contribution Cuts: Lessons from Experiences in Advanced Economies | October 2014, Box 2.1 |
| Public Expenditure Reform: Making Difficult Choices | April 2014, Chapter 2 |
| Moment of Truth: Unfunded Pension Liabilities and Public Debt Statistics | April 2014, Box 1.1 |
| Structural Measures and Social Dialogue | April 2014, Box 2.2 |
| Health System Inefficiencies | April 2014, Box 2.3 |
| Recent Developments in Public Health Spending and Outlook for the Future | October 2013, Appendix 1 |
| Confronting Trade-Offs: Accommodating Spending Pressures in Low-Income Countries | September 2011, Chapter 6 |
| Potential Reform Strategies to Contain the Growth of Public Health Spending | April 2011, Box A1.1 |
| The U.S. National Commission Report | April 2011, Box A5.1 |
| Tackling the Challenge of Health Care Reform in Advanced Economies | April 2011, Appendix 1 |
| Selected Spending and Tax Issues | November 2010, Chapter 5 |
| Advanced Economies: The Outlook for Public Health Spending | November 2010, Box 3.1 |
| Increasing Social Expenditures and Household Consumption in China | May 2010, Box 4 |
| Health Care Reforms in the United States | May 2010, Box 5 |
XIX. Stabilization
| Policy Options to Support the Economic Recovery | October 2020, Online Annex 1.5 |
| IDEAS to Respond to Weaker Growth | April 2020, Chapter 2 |
| Can Fiscal Policy Stabilize Output? | April 2015, Chapter 2 |
| Fiscal Stabilization under Alternative Estimates of the Output Gap | April 2015, Box 2.1 |
| Boosting the Effectiveness of Automatic Stabilizers | April 2015, Box 2.2 |
| Policy Options to Support the Economic Recovery | October 2020, Online Annex 1.5 |
| IDEAS to Respond to Weaker Growth | April 2020, Chapter 2 |
| Can Fiscal Policy Stabilize Output? | April 2015, Chapter 2 |
| Fiscal Stabilization under Alternative Estimates of the Output Gap | April 2015, Box 2.1 |
| Boosting the Effectiveness of Automatic Stabilizers | April 2015, Box 2.2 |
XX. Stimulus
| Determining the Size of Fiscal Stimulus for Sustained Recovery | October 2020, Online Annex 1.4 |
| Public Investment Fiscal Multiplier and Macroeconomic Uncertainty | October 2020, Online Annex 2.5 |
| The G-20 Economies: Crisis-Related Discretionary Fiscal Stimulus | November 2010, Box 1.1 |
| Update on Crisis-Related Discretionary Fiscal Stimulus in G-20 Economies | May 2010, Appendix 1 |
| Determining the Size of Fiscal Stimulus for Sustained Recovery | October 2020, Online Annex 1.4 |
| Public Investment Fiscal Multiplier and Macroeconomic Uncertainty | October 2020, Online Annex 2.5 |
| The G-20 Economies: Crisis-Related Discretionary Fiscal Stimulus | November 2010, Box 1.1 |
| Update on Crisis-Related Discretionary Fiscal Stimulus in G-20 Economies | May 2010, Appendix 1 |
XXI. Subsidies
| Digital Government | April 2018, Chapter 2 |
| The Digitalization of Public Finances: Country Case Studies | April 2018, Annex 2.1 |
| Adopting a Universal Basic Income to Support Subsidy Reform in India | October 2017, Box 1.6 |
| Reforming Energy Subsidies | April 2015, Box 1.2 |
| Reforming Petroleum Subsidies | April 2010, Appendix 5 |
| Digital Government | April 2018, Chapter 2 |
| The Digitalization of Public Finances: Country Case Studies | April 2018, Annex 2.1 |
| Adopting a Universal Basic Income to Support Subsidy Reform in India | October 2017, Box 1.6 |
| Reforming Energy Subsidies | April 2015, Box 1.2 |
| Reforming Petroleum Subsidies | April 2010, Appendix 5 |
XXII. Sustainability and Risk Management
| Media Coverage of Suspension of Fiscal Rules | October 2021, Box 2.2 |
| Assessing Unexpected Increases in Debt | October 2021, Online Annex 2.3 |
| Investing in Resilience | October 2020, Online Annex 2.6 |
| Estimating the Adaptation Costs of Investing in the Resilience of Physical Assets | October 2020, Online Annex 2.7 |
| State-Owned Enterprises: The Other Government | April 2020, Chapter 3 |
| Can Countries Sustain Higher Levels of Public Debt? | April 2017, Box 1.4 |
| Developing a Fiscal Risk Management Framework | April 2016, Box 1.4 |
| Reassuring Markets about Fiscal Sustainability in the Euro Area | September 2011, Chapter 2 |
| Assessing and Mitigating Fiscal Sustainability Risks | April 2011, Chapter 4 |
| Assessing Fiscal Sustainability Risks: Deriving a Fiscal Sustainability Risk Map | April 2011, Appendix 3 |
| Media Coverage of Suspension of Fiscal Rules | October 2021, Box 2.2 |
| Assessing Unexpected Increases in Debt | October 2021, Online Annex 2.3 |
| Investing in Resilience | October 2020, Online Annex 2.6 |
| Estimating the Adaptation Costs of Investing in the Resilience of Physical Assets | October 2020, Online Annex 2.7 |
| State-Owned Enterprises: The Other Government | April 2020, Chapter 3 |
| Can Countries Sustain Higher Levels of Public Debt? | April 2017, Box 1.4 |
| Developing a Fiscal Risk Management Framework | April 2016, Box 1.4 |
| Reassuring Markets about Fiscal Sustainability in the Euro Area | September 2011, Chapter 2 |
| Assessing and Mitigating Fiscal Sustainability Risks | April 2011, Chapter 4 |
| Assessing Fiscal Sustainability Risks: Deriving a Fiscal Sustainability Risk Map | April 2011, Appendix 3 |
XXIII. Taxation
| Persistent Consequences of Wealth Inequality for the Next Generation’s Income: The Case of Norway | April 2021, Box 2.1 |
| Public Preferences for Progressive Taxation in the Post–COVID-19 World | April 2021, Box 2.2 |
| Tax Policy and Automatic Stabilizers | April 2020, Box 2.2 |
| Curbing Corruption | April 2019, Chapter 2 |
| Avoiding International Tax Wars | April 2019, Box 1.3 |
| Digital Government | April 2018, Chapter 2 |
| The Distributional Effects of Income Tax Cuts in the United States | April 2018, Box 1.2 |
| International Tax Policy Implications from US Corporate Tax Reform | April 2018, Box 1.3 |
| Digitalization Advances in Revenue Administration in South Africa and Estonia | April 2018, Box 2.1 |
| Digitalization and Property Taxation in Developing Economies | April 2018, Box 2.2 |
| Small Business Taxation and the P2P Economy | April 2018, Box 2.5 |
| The Digitalization of Public Finances: Country Case Studies | April 2018, Annex 2.1 |
| Estimating the Impact of Digitalization on Tax Evasion from Cross-Border Fraud | April 2018, Annex 2.2 |
| Estimating the Distribution of Tax Revenue Collection from Offshore Income and Wealth Following Improved Cross-Country Information Exchange | April 2018, Annex 2.3 |
| Tackling Inequality | October 2017, Chapter 1 |
| Measuring Tax Progressivity | October 2017, Box 1.4 |
| Taxing Wealth and Wealth Transfers | October 2017, Box 1.5 |
| Upgrading the Tax System to Boost Productivity | April 2017, Chapter 2 |
| The Destination-Based Cash Flow Tax: A Primer | April 2017, Box 1.1 |
| What Is the Effective Marginal Tax Rate? | April 2017, Box 2.1 |
| Colombia: Labor Tax Reform and the Shift from Informal to Formal Employment | April 2017, Box 2.2 |
| Mozambique: Differential Tax Treatment across Firms | April 2017, Box 2.3 |
| Taxation and Foreign Direct Investment | October 2016, Annex 2.3 |
| Taxation and Entrepreneurship | October 2016, Annex 2.4 |
| Taxing Our Way out of—or into?—Trouble | October 2013, Chapter 2 |
| Learning from the Crisis? Taxation and Financial Stability | October 2013, Box 3 |
| Taxation and Growth: Details Matter | October 2013, Box 4 |
| A One-Of Capital Levy? | October 2013, Box 6 |
| Increasing Revenue from Real Property Taxes | October 2013, Appendix 3 |
| Do Pensioners Get Special Treatment on Taxes? | October 2012, Box 5 |
| Containing Tax Expenditures | April 2011, Appendix 5 |
| Selected Spending and Tax Issues | November 2010, Chapter 5 |
| Persistent Consequences of Wealth Inequality for the Next Generation’s Income: The Case of Norway | April 2021, Box 2.1 |
| Public Preferences for Progressive Taxation in the Post–COVID-19 World | April 2021, Box 2.2 |
| Tax Policy and Automatic Stabilizers | April 2020, Box 2.2 |
| Curbing Corruption | April 2019, Chapter 2 |
| Avoiding International Tax Wars | April 2019, Box 1.3 |
| Digital Government | April 2018, Chapter 2 |
| The Distributional Effects of Income Tax Cuts in the United States | April 2018, Box 1.2 |
| International Tax Policy Implications from US Corporate Tax Reform | April 2018, Box 1.3 |
| Digitalization Advances in Revenue Administration in South Africa and Estonia | April 2018, Box 2.1 |
| Digitalization and Property Taxation in Developing Economies | April 2018, Box 2.2 |
| Small Business Taxation and the P2P Economy | April 2018, Box 2.5 |
| The Digitalization of Public Finances: Country Case Studies | April 2018, Annex 2.1 |
| Estimating the Impact of Digitalization on Tax Evasion from Cross-Border Fraud | April 2018, Annex 2.2 |
| Estimating the Distribution of Tax Revenue Collection from Offshore Income and Wealth Following Improved Cross-Country Information Exchange | April 2018, Annex 2.3 |
| Tackling Inequality | October 2017, Chapter 1 |
| Measuring Tax Progressivity | October 2017, Box 1.4 |
| Taxing Wealth and Wealth Transfers | October 2017, Box 1.5 |
| Upgrading the Tax System to Boost Productivity | April 2017, Chapter 2 |
| The Destination-Based Cash Flow Tax: A Primer | April 2017, Box 1.1 |
| What Is the Effective Marginal Tax Rate? | April 2017, Box 2.1 |
| Colombia: Labor Tax Reform and the Shift from Informal to Formal Employment | April 2017, Box 2.2 |
| Mozambique: Differential Tax Treatment across Firms | April 2017, Box 2.3 |
| Taxation and Foreign Direct Investment | October 2016, Annex 2.3 |
| Taxation and Entrepreneurship | October 2016, Annex 2.4 |
| Taxing Our Way out of—or into?—Trouble | October 2013, Chapter 2 |
| Learning from the Crisis? Taxation and Financial Stability | October 2013, Box 3 |
| Taxation and Growth: Details Matter | October 2013, Box 4 |
| A One-Of Capital Levy? | October 2013, Box 6 |
| Increasing Revenue from Real Property Taxes | October 2013, Appendix 3 |
| Do Pensioners Get Special Treatment on Taxes? | October 2012, Box 5 |
| Containing Tax Expenditures | April 2011, Appendix 5 |
| Selected Spending and Tax Issues | November 2010, Chapter 5 |
XXIV. Poverty and Inequality
| Long-Term Distributional Impact of the American Families Plan | October 2021, Box 1; Online Annex 1.2 |
| Persistent Consequences of Wealth Inequality for the Next Generation’s Income: The Case of Norway | April 2021, Box 2.1 |
| Public Preferences for Progressive Taxation in the Post–COVID-19 World | April 2021, Box 2.2 |
| How Will the COVID-19 Pandemic Affect Poverty and Inequality? | October 2020, |
| Online Annex 1.1 | |
| Tackling Inequality | October 2017, Chapter 1 |
| Global Inequality Today and in 2035 | October 2017, Box 1.1 |
| Equally Distributed Equivalent Level of Income as a Measure of Social Welfare | October 2017, Box 1.2 |
| Bolivia: Inequality Decline during a Commodity Boom | October 2017, Box 1.3 |
| Inequality Dimensions: Wealth, Opportunities, and Gender | October 2017, Annex 1.2 |
| Long-Term Distributional Impact of the American Families Plan | October 2021, Box 1; Online Annex 1.2 |
| Persistent Consequences of Wealth Inequality for the Next Generation’s Income: The Case of Norway | April 2021, Box 2.1 |
| Public Preferences for Progressive Taxation in the Post–COVID-19 World | April 2021, Box 2.2 |
| How Will the COVID-19 Pandemic Affect Poverty and Inequality? | October 2020, |
| Online Annex 1.1 | |
| Tackling Inequality | October 2017, Chapter 1 |
| Global Inequality Today and in 2035 | October 2017, Box 1.1 |
| Equally Distributed Equivalent Level of Income as a Measure of Social Welfare | October 2017, Box 1.2 |
| Bolivia: Inequality Decline during a Commodity Boom | October 2017, Box 1.3 |
| Inequality Dimensions: Wealth, Opportunities, and Gender | October 2017, Annex 1.2 |