Biographies
Stanley Fischer
Stanley Fischer has been Governor of the Bank of Israel since May 2005. For more than three years before that, he was Vice-Chairman of Citigroup. Mr. Fischer was the First Deputy Managing Director of the IMF from September 1994 through August 2001. Before he joined the IMF, he was Professor of Economics at MIT. He was Chief Economist at the World Bank during 1988-90.
Trevor Manuel
Trevor Manuel has been South Africa’s Minister of Finance since 1996. Before becoming Finance Minister, he was for two years South Africa’s Minister of Trade and Industry. He served as Chairman of the Development Committee (the Joint Ministerial Committee of the Boards of Governors of the Bank and the Fund on the Transfer of Real Resources to Developing Countries) from November 2001 to September 2005.
Jean Pisani-Ferry
Jean Pisani-Ferry has been Director of the Brussels-based think tank Bruegel since 2005. He is also a Professor of Economics at the University of Paris–Dauphine and a member of the French Prime Minister’s Council of Economic Analysis. From 1992 to 1997 he was the director of the Centre d’études prospectives et d’informations internationales (CEPII, the French Research Center in International Economics).
Raghuram Rajan
Raghuram Rajan has been Professor of Finance at the University of Chicago’s Graduate School of Business since 1995, although he took a leave of absence during 2003-06 to be Economic Counsellor and Director of the Research Department at the IMF. In 2003, he won the inaugural Fischer Black Prize of the American Finance Association for the person under 40 who had recently contributed most to the theory and practice of finance.
The Per Jacobsson Lectures
| 2008 | The Role and Governance of the IMF: Further Reflections on Reform. Symposium panelists: Stanley Fischer, Trevor Manuel, Jean Pisani-Ferry, and Raghuram Rajan. |
| 2008 | The Approach to Macroeconomic Management: How It Has Evolved. Lecture by Lord George (Basel). |
| 2007 | Balance of Payments Imbalances. Lecture by Alan Greenspan. |
| 2006 | Asian Monetary Integration: Will It Ever Happen? Lecture by Tharman Shanmugaratnam (Singapore). Competition Policy and Monetary Policy: A Comparative Perspective. Lecture by Mario Monti (Bern). |
| 2005 | International Financial Institutions: Dealing with New Global Challenges. Lecture by Michel Camdessus. |
| 2004 | The U.S. Current Account Deficit and the Global Economy. Lecture by Lawrence H. Summers. Some New Directions for Financial Stability? Lecture by C.A.E. Goodhart, CBE (Zurich). |
| 2003 | The Arab World: Performance and Prospects. Lecture by Abdlatif Yousef Al-Hamad (Dubai). |
| 2002 | The Boom-Bust Capital Spending Cycle in the United States: Lessons Learned. Lecture by E. Gerald Corrigan. Recent Emerging Market Crises: What Have We Learned? Lecture by Guillermo Ortiz (Basel). |
| 2001 | No lecture took place due to the cancellation of the Annual Meetings of the IMF and the World Bank. |
| 2000 | Ten Years On—Some Lessons from the Transition. Lecture by Josef Tošovský (Prague). Strengthening the Resilience of Financial Systems. Symposium panelists: Peter B. Kenen, Arminio Fraga, and Jacques de Larosière (Lucerne). |
| 1999 | The Past and Future of European Integration—A Central Banker’s View. Lecture by Willem F. Duisenberg. |
| 1998 | Managing the International Economy in the Age of Globalization. Lecture by Peter D. Sutherland. |
| 1997 | Asian Monetary Cooperation, Lecture by Joseph C.K. Yam, CBE, JP (Hong Kong). |
| 1996 | Financing Development in a World of Private Capital Flows: The Challenge for International Financial Institutions in Working with the Private Sector. Lecture by Jacques de Larosiere. |
| 1995 | Economic Transformation: The Tasks Still Ahead. Symposium panelists: Jan Svejnar, Oleh Havrylyshyn, and Sergei K. Dubinin. |
| 1994 | Central Banking in Transition. Lecture by Baron Alexandre Lamfalussy (London). Capital Flows to Emerging Countries: Are They Sustainable? Lecture by Guillermo de la Dehesa (Madrid). |
| 1993 | Latin America: Economic and Social Transition to the Twenty-First Century. Lecture by Enrique V. Iglesias. |
| 1992 | A New Monetary Order for Europe. Lecture by Karl Otto Pöhl. |
| 1991 | The Road to European Monetary Union: Lessons from the Bretton Woods Regime. Lecture by Alexander K. Swoboda (Basel). Privatization: Financial Choices and Opportunities. Lecture by Amnuay Viravan (Bangkok). |
| 1990 | The Triumph of Central Banking? Lecture by Paul A. Volcker. |
| 1989 | Promoting Successful Adjustment: The Experience of Ghana. Lecture by J.L.S. Abbey. Economic Restructuring in New Zealand Since 1984. Lecture by David Caygill. |
| 1988 | The International Monetary System: The Next Twenty-Five Years. Symposium panelists: Sir Kit McMahon, Tommaso Padoa-Schioppa, and C. Fred Bergsten (Basel). |
| 1987 | Interdependence: Vulnerability and Opportunity. Lecture by Sylvia Ostry. |
| 1986 | The Emergence of Global Finance. Lecture by Yusuke Kashiwagi. |
| 1985 | Do We Know Where We’re Going? Lecture by Sir Jeremy Morse (Seoul). |
| 1984 | Economic Nationalism and International Interdependence: The Global Costs of National Choices. Lecture by Peter G. Peterson. |
| 1983 | Developing a New International Monetary System: A Long-Term View. Lecture by H. Johannes Witteveen. |
| 1982 | Monetary Policy: Finding a Place to Stand. Lecture by Gerald K. Bouey (Toronto). |
| 1981 | Central Banking with the Benefit of Hindsight. Lecture by Jelle Zijlstra; commentary by Albert Adomakoh. |
| 1980 | Reflections on the International Monetary System. Lecture by Guillaume Guindey; commentary by Charles A. Coombs (Basel). |
| 1979 | The Anguish of Central Banking. Lecture by Arthur F. Burns; commentaries by Milutin Ćirović and Jacques J. Polak (Belgrade). |
| 1978 | The International Capital Market and the International Monetary System. Lecture by Gabriel Hauge and Erik Hoffmeyer; commentary by Lord Roll of Ipsden. |
| 1977 | The International Monetary System in Operation. Lectures by Wilfried Guth and Sir Arthur Lewis. |
| 1976 | Why Banks Are Unpopular. Lecture by Guido Carli; commentary by Milton Gilbert (Basel). |
| 1975 | Emerging Arrangements in International Payments: Public and Private. Lecture by Alfred Hayes; commentaries by Khodadad Farmanfarmaian, Carlos Massad, and Claudio Segré. |
| 1974 | Steps to International Monetary Order. Lectures by Conrad J. Oort and Puey Ungphakorn; commentaries by Saburo Okita and William McChesney Martin (Tokyo). |
| 1973 | Inflation and the International Monetary System. Lecture by Otmar Emminger; commentaries by Adolfo Diz and János Fekete (Basel). |
| 1972 | The Monetary Crisis of 1971: The Lessons to Be Learned. Lecture by Henry C. Wallich; commentaries by C.J. Morse and I.G. Patel. |
| 1971 | International Capital Movements: Past, Present, Future. Lecture by Sir Eric Roll; commentaries by Henry H. Fowler and Wilfried Guth. |
| 1970 | Toward a World Central Bank? Lecture by William McChesney Martin; commentaries by Karl Blessing, Alfredo Machado Gómez, and Harry G. Johnson (Basel). |
| 1969 | The Role of Monetary Gold over the Next Ten Years. Lecture by Alexandre Lamfalussy; commentaries by Wilfrid Baumgartner, Guido Carli, and L.K. Jha. |
| 1968 | Central Banking and Economic Integration. Lecture by M.W. Holtrop; commentary by Lord Cromer (Stockholm). |
| 1967 | Economic Development: The Banking Aspects. Lecture by David Rockefeller; commentaries by Felipe Herrera and Shigeo Horie (Rio de Janeiro). |
| 1966 | The Role of the Central Banker Today. Lecture by Louis Rasminsky; commentaries by Donato Menichella, Stefano Siglienti, Marcus Wallenberg, and Franz Aschinger (Rome). |
| 2008 | The Role and Governance of the IMF: Further Reflections on Reform. Symposium panelists: Stanley Fischer, Trevor Manuel, Jean Pisani-Ferry, and Raghuram Rajan. |
| 2008 | The Approach to Macroeconomic Management: How It Has Evolved. Lecture by Lord George (Basel). |
| 2007 | Balance of Payments Imbalances. Lecture by Alan Greenspan. |
| 2006 | Asian Monetary Integration: Will It Ever Happen? Lecture by Tharman Shanmugaratnam (Singapore). Competition Policy and Monetary Policy: A Comparative Perspective. Lecture by Mario Monti (Bern). |
| 2005 | International Financial Institutions: Dealing with New Global Challenges. Lecture by Michel Camdessus. |
| 2004 | The U.S. Current Account Deficit and the Global Economy. Lecture by Lawrence H. Summers. Some New Directions for Financial Stability? Lecture by C.A.E. Goodhart, CBE (Zurich). |
| 2003 | The Arab World: Performance and Prospects. Lecture by Abdlatif Yousef Al-Hamad (Dubai). |
| 2002 | The Boom-Bust Capital Spending Cycle in the United States: Lessons Learned. Lecture by E. Gerald Corrigan. Recent Emerging Market Crises: What Have We Learned? Lecture by Guillermo Ortiz (Basel). |
| 2001 | No lecture took place due to the cancellation of the Annual Meetings of the IMF and the World Bank. |
| 2000 | Ten Years On—Some Lessons from the Transition. Lecture by Josef Tošovský (Prague). Strengthening the Resilience of Financial Systems. Symposium panelists: Peter B. Kenen, Arminio Fraga, and Jacques de Larosière (Lucerne). |
| 1999 | The Past and Future of European Integration—A Central Banker’s View. Lecture by Willem F. Duisenberg. |
| 1998 | Managing the International Economy in the Age of Globalization. Lecture by Peter D. Sutherland. |
| 1997 | Asian Monetary Cooperation, Lecture by Joseph C.K. Yam, CBE, JP (Hong Kong). |
| 1996 | Financing Development in a World of Private Capital Flows: The Challenge for International Financial Institutions in Working with the Private Sector. Lecture by Jacques de Larosiere. |
| 1995 | Economic Transformation: The Tasks Still Ahead. Symposium panelists: Jan Svejnar, Oleh Havrylyshyn, and Sergei K. Dubinin. |
| 1994 | Central Banking in Transition. Lecture by Baron Alexandre Lamfalussy (London). Capital Flows to Emerging Countries: Are They Sustainable? Lecture by Guillermo de la Dehesa (Madrid). |
| 1993 | Latin America: Economic and Social Transition to the Twenty-First Century. Lecture by Enrique V. Iglesias. |
| 1992 | A New Monetary Order for Europe. Lecture by Karl Otto Pöhl. |
| 1991 | The Road to European Monetary Union: Lessons from the Bretton Woods Regime. Lecture by Alexander K. Swoboda (Basel). Privatization: Financial Choices and Opportunities. Lecture by Amnuay Viravan (Bangkok). |
| 1990 | The Triumph of Central Banking? Lecture by Paul A. Volcker. |
| 1989 | Promoting Successful Adjustment: The Experience of Ghana. Lecture by J.L.S. Abbey. Economic Restructuring in New Zealand Since 1984. Lecture by David Caygill. |
| 1988 | The International Monetary System: The Next Twenty-Five Years. Symposium panelists: Sir Kit McMahon, Tommaso Padoa-Schioppa, and C. Fred Bergsten (Basel). |
| 1987 | Interdependence: Vulnerability and Opportunity. Lecture by Sylvia Ostry. |
| 1986 | The Emergence of Global Finance. Lecture by Yusuke Kashiwagi. |
| 1985 | Do We Know Where We’re Going? Lecture by Sir Jeremy Morse (Seoul). |
| 1984 | Economic Nationalism and International Interdependence: The Global Costs of National Choices. Lecture by Peter G. Peterson. |
| 1983 | Developing a New International Monetary System: A Long-Term View. Lecture by H. Johannes Witteveen. |
| 1982 | Monetary Policy: Finding a Place to Stand. Lecture by Gerald K. Bouey (Toronto). |
| 1981 | Central Banking with the Benefit of Hindsight. Lecture by Jelle Zijlstra; commentary by Albert Adomakoh. |
| 1980 | Reflections on the International Monetary System. Lecture by Guillaume Guindey; commentary by Charles A. Coombs (Basel). |
| 1979 | The Anguish of Central Banking. Lecture by Arthur F. Burns; commentaries by Milutin Ćirović and Jacques J. Polak (Belgrade). |
| 1978 | The International Capital Market and the International Monetary System. Lecture by Gabriel Hauge and Erik Hoffmeyer; commentary by Lord Roll of Ipsden. |
| 1977 | The International Monetary System in Operation. Lectures by Wilfried Guth and Sir Arthur Lewis. |
| 1976 | Why Banks Are Unpopular. Lecture by Guido Carli; commentary by Milton Gilbert (Basel). |
| 1975 | Emerging Arrangements in International Payments: Public and Private. Lecture by Alfred Hayes; commentaries by Khodadad Farmanfarmaian, Carlos Massad, and Claudio Segré. |
| 1974 | Steps to International Monetary Order. Lectures by Conrad J. Oort and Puey Ungphakorn; commentaries by Saburo Okita and William McChesney Martin (Tokyo). |
| 1973 | Inflation and the International Monetary System. Lecture by Otmar Emminger; commentaries by Adolfo Diz and János Fekete (Basel). |
| 1972 | The Monetary Crisis of 1971: The Lessons to Be Learned. Lecture by Henry C. Wallich; commentaries by C.J. Morse and I.G. Patel. |
| 1971 | International Capital Movements: Past, Present, Future. Lecture by Sir Eric Roll; commentaries by Henry H. Fowler and Wilfried Guth. |
| 1970 | Toward a World Central Bank? Lecture by William McChesney Martin; commentaries by Karl Blessing, Alfredo Machado Gómez, and Harry G. Johnson (Basel). |
| 1969 | The Role of Monetary Gold over the Next Ten Years. Lecture by Alexandre Lamfalussy; commentaries by Wilfrid Baumgartner, Guido Carli, and L.K. Jha. |
| 1968 | Central Banking and Economic Integration. Lecture by M.W. Holtrop; commentary by Lord Cromer (Stockholm). |
| 1967 | Economic Development: The Banking Aspects. Lecture by David Rockefeller; commentaries by Felipe Herrera and Shigeo Horie (Rio de Janeiro). |
| 1966 | The Role of the Central Banker Today. Lecture by Louis Rasminsky; commentaries by Donato Menichella, Stefano Siglienti, Marcus Wallenberg, and Franz Aschinger (Rome). |
The Per Jacobsson lectures are available on the Internet at www.perjacobsson.org, which also contains further information on the Foundation. Copies of the Per Jacobsson lectures may be acquired without charge from the Secretary. Unless otherwise indicated, the lectures were delivered in Washington, D.C.
The Per Jacobsson Foundation
| Honorary Chairmen: | Eugene R. Black |
| Marcus Wallenberg | |
| Past Chairmen: | W. Randolph Burgess |
| William McC. Martin | |
| Sir Jeremy Morse | |
| Jacques de Larosiere | |
| Past Presidents: | Frank A. Southard, Jr. |
| Jacques J. Polak |
| Honorary Chairmen: | Eugene R. Black |
| Marcus Wallenberg | |
| Past Chairmen: | W. Randolph Burgess |
| William McC. Martin | |
| Sir Jeremy Morse | |
| Jacques de Larosiere | |
| Past Presidents: | Frank A. Southard, Jr. |
| Jacques J. Polak |
Founding Sponsors
Hermann J. Abs
Roger Auboin
Wilfrid Baumgartner
S. Clark Beise
B.M. Birla
Rudolf Brinckmann
Lord Cobbold
Miguel Cuaderno
R.v. Fieandt
Maurice Frère
E.C. Fussell
Aly Gritly
Eugenio Gudin
Gottfried Haberler
Viscount Harcourt
Gabriel Hauge
Carl Otto Henriques
M.W. Holtrop
Shigeo Horie
Clarence E. Hunter
H.V.R. Iengar
Kaoru Inouye
Albert E. Janssen
Raffaele Mattioli
J.J. McElligott
Johan Melander
Donato Menichella
Emmanuel Monick
Jean Monnet
Walter Muller
Juan Pardo Heeren
Federico Pinedo
Abdul Qadir
Sven Raab
David Rockefeller
Lord Salter
Pierre-Paul Schweitzer
Samuel Schweizer
Allan Sproul
Wilhelm Teufenstein
Graham Towers
Joseph H. Willits
Board of Directors
Sir Andrew D. Crockett—Chairman of the Board
Abdlatif Y. Al-Hamad
Nancy Birdsall
Michel Camdessus
E. Gerald Corrigan
Malcolm D. Knight
Horst Köhler
Guillermo Ortiz
Alassane D. Ouattara
Dominique Strauss-Kahn
Shigemitsu Sugisaki
Edwin M. Truman
Leo Van Houtven
Marcus Wallenberg
Officers
Leo Van Houtven—President
Enrique Gelbard—Vice-President and Secretary
Chris Hemus—Treasurer