...
...
...
...
...
The inefficiency of the Italian judicial system has contributed to reduced investments, slow growth and a difficult business environment. The enforcement of civil and commercial claims suffers from excessive delays...
The inefficiency of the Italian judicial system has contributed to reduced investments, slow growth and a difficult business environment. The enforcement of civil and commercial claims suffers from excessive delays...
This paper discusses Portugal's Eighth and Ninth Reviews Under the Extended Arrangement and Request for Waivers of Applicability of end-September Performance Criteria (PC). Program implementation has remained broad...
This paper discusses Portugal's Eighth and Ninth Reviews Under the Extended Arrangement and Request for Waivers of Applicability of end-September Performance Criteria (PC). Program implementation has remained broad...
This paper discusses Portugal's Eighth and Ninth Reviews Under the Extended Arrangement and Request for Waivers of Applicability of end-September Performance Criteria (PC). Program implementation has remained broad...
This paper discusses Portugal's Eighth and Ninth Reviews Under the Extended Arrangement and Request for Waivers of Applicability of end-September Performance Criteria (PC). Program implementation has remained broad...
This paper discusses the Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper and National Development Strategy (NDS) for the Republic of Moldova. The NDS 'Moldova 2020' presents a vision of cohesive long-term sustainable economic dev...
This paper discusses the Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper and National Development Strategy (NDS) for the Republic of Moldova. The NDS 'Moldova 2020' presents a vision of cohesive long-term sustainable economic dev...
This report assesses the design, implementation, and effectiveness of Liberia's first Poverty Reduction Strategy (PRS). The PRS described the objectives for each pillar and sector, often with numerical projections,...
This report assesses the design, implementation, and effectiveness of Liberia's first Poverty Reduction Strategy (PRS). The PRS described the objectives for each pillar and sector, often with numerical projections,...
Macroeconomic imbalances are large, and structural problems are deep-rooted in Portugal. The new government's strong commitment to program implementation is encouraging. Fiscal performance so far demonstrates the n...
Macroeconomic imbalances are large, and structural problems are deep-rooted in Portugal. The new government's strong commitment to program implementation is encouraging. Fiscal performance so far demonstrates the n...
Macroeconomic imbalances are large, and structural problems are deep-rooted in Portugal. The new government's strong commitment to program implementation is encouraging. Fiscal performance so far demonstrates the n...
Macroeconomic imbalances are large, and structural problems are deep-rooted in Portugal. The new government's strong commitment to program implementation is encouraging. Fiscal performance so far demonstrates the n...
There is terrorism and terrorist financing (TF) risk, but it appears limited based on available information. The Netherlands has criminalized money laundering (ML) fully in line with the requirements under the Vien...
There is terrorism and terrorist financing (TF) risk, but it appears limited based on available information. The Netherlands has criminalized money laundering (ML) fully in line with the requirements under the Vien...
This study investigates the link between bankruptcy and security legislation and potential credit losses faced by banks based on a cross-country study for the United States (US), the United Kingdom (UK) and Germany...
This study investigates the link between bankruptcy and security legislation and potential credit losses faced by banks based on a cross-country study for the United States (US), the United Kingdom (UK) and Germany...
Bailiwick of Guernsey has a Anti-Money Laundering and Combating the Financing of Terrorism (AML/CFT) legal framework that provides the basis for an AML/CFT regime. It has a program to review and enhance AML/CFT leg...
Bailiwick of Guernsey has a Anti-Money Laundering and Combating the Financing of Terrorism (AML/CFT) legal framework that provides the basis for an AML/CFT regime. It has a program to review and enhance AML/CFT leg...
Liberia made slow progress on the implementation of the Poverty Reduction Strategy (PRS). The impact of the global economic crisis affected implementation and slowed the pace of growth. With the development of the...
Liberia made slow progress on the implementation of the Poverty Reduction Strategy (PRS). The impact of the global economic crisis affected implementation and slowed the pace of growth. With the development of the...
This Technical Note assesses Corporate and Household Debt Restructuring in Serbia. As of June 2009, nonperforming loans (NPLs) in the banking system constituted 16.5 percent of total loans, owing primarily to the c...
This Technical Note assesses Corporate and Household Debt Restructuring in Serbia. As of June 2009, nonperforming loans (NPLs) in the banking system constituted 16.5 percent of total loans, owing primarily to the c...
This Detailed Assessment Report reviews antimoney laundering and combating the financing of terrorism (AML/CFT) measures for Germany. The report reveals that Germany has introduced a number of measures in recent ye...
This Detailed Assessment Report reviews antimoney laundering and combating the financing of terrorism (AML/CFT) measures for Germany. The report reveals that Germany has introduced a number of measures in recent ye...
This paper presents a Detailed Assessment Report on Antimoney Laundering (AML) and Combating the Financing of Terrorism (CFT) for Austria. The authorities have designed and are implementing a comprehensive AML/CFT...
This paper presents a Detailed Assessment Report on Antimoney Laundering (AML) and Combating the Financing of Terrorism (CFT) for Austria. The authorities have designed and are implementing a comprehensive AML/CFT...
Weaknesses in the enforcement of regulation have been targeted by the G-20 as a priority concern for reform. But enforcement efforts in securities markets have proven difficult and uneven. The recent scandal in the...
Weaknesses in the enforcement of regulation have been targeted by the G-20 as a priority concern for reform. But enforcement efforts in securities markets have proven difficult and uneven. The recent scandal in the...
During the 1980s and early 1990s many Sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries undertook reforms to promote financial sector deepening. Nevertheless, financial sectors in SSA countries remain among the shallowest in the...
During the 1980s and early 1990s many Sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries undertook reforms to promote financial sector deepening. Nevertheless, financial sectors in SSA countries remain among the shallowest in the...
In several Caribbean states, unregulated investment schemes grew quickly in recent years by claiming unusually high monthly returns and through a system of referrals by existing members. These are features shared w...
In several Caribbean states, unregulated investment schemes grew quickly in recent years by claiming unusually high monthly returns and through a system of referrals by existing members. These are features shared w...
Recent literature argues that conflict in shifting adjustment costs between different socioeconomic groups delays necessary reforms and finds that such reforms often follow economic crises. This paper expands these...
Recent literature argues that conflict in shifting adjustment costs between different socioeconomic groups delays necessary reforms and finds that such reforms often follow economic crises. This paper expands these...
This paper discusses key findings of the Detailed Assessment of Anti-Money Laundering and Combating the Financing of Terrorism (AML/CFT) for Denmark. It describes and analyzes AML/CFT measures in place in Denmark,...
This paper discusses key findings of the Detailed Assessment of Anti-Money Laundering and Combating the Financing of Terrorism (AML/CFT) for Denmark. It describes and analyzes AML/CFT measures in place in Denmark,...
This paper on the Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers (PRSPs) on the Kyrgyz Republic explains macroeconomic, structural, and social policies in support of growth and poverty reduction, as well as associated external...
This paper on the Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers (PRSPs) on the Kyrgyz Republic explains macroeconomic, structural, and social policies in support of growth and poverty reduction, as well as associated external...
This paper examines the reasons why corruption and policy distortions tend to exhibit a high degree of persistence in certain regimes. We identify circumstances under which a firm seeks to evade regulations by (1)...
This paper examines the reasons why corruption and policy distortions tend to exhibit a high degree of persistence in certain regimes. We identify circumstances under which a firm seeks to evade regulations by (1)...
Fund-Supported Programs Table A1.1 presents data on conditionality in IMF programs related to civil service reforms, as well as broader discussion of intended reforms...
Benin 1. Size and Structure of Civilian Central Government Benin’s Civilian Central Government (excluding education, health, and police) is organized i...
Civil service reform is often essential to bring about governanceimprovements that are needed for sustainable poverty reduction.A workshop hosted by the World Bank and the IMF in September 2001provided a forum to r...
Civil service reform is often essential to bring about governanceimprovements that are needed for sustainable poverty reduction.A workshop hosted by the World Bank and the IMF in September 2001provided a forum to r...
Civil service reform is often essential to bring about governanceimprovements that are needed for sustainable poverty reduction.A workshop hosted by the World Bank and the IMF in September 2001provided a forum to r...
This paper sets out the principal aspects of civil service reform that were discussed at a workshop for World Bank and International Monetary Fund (IMF, or the Fund) staff on Septem...
Reforming the civil service is not a goal in its own right. Moreover, there is no single best “model” of public administration. Given vested interests that must be confronted, civil...
Both the Bank and the Fund have included various dimensions of civil service reform in the programs they support. The immediate objectives of Bank-Fund involvement have been to:...
Civil service reforms have been only modestly successful in terms of meeting either macrofiscal or structural objectives. What has been especially problematic is the simultaneous ac...
The Bank and the Fund have a long history of working together on civil service reform. On occasion, structural reform measures are included in both Bank- and Fund-supported programs...
This paper surveys early intellectual antecedents of the Krueger (2001) proposal for creating bankruptcy reorganization procedures at the international level. We focus on actual proposals for new procedures made fr...
This paper surveys early intellectual antecedents of the Krueger (2001) proposal for creating bankruptcy reorganization procedures at the international level. We focus on actual proposals for new procedures made fr...
Harry Dexter White, the principal architect of the international financial system established at the end of the Second World War, was arguably the most important U. S. government economist of the 20th century. His...
Harry Dexter White, the principal architect of the international financial system established at the end of the Second World War, was arguably the most important U. S. government economist of the 20th century. His...
This paper formalizes the role of legal infrastructure in economic development in a general equilibrium model with endogenously determined property rights enforcement. It illustrates the mutual importance of proper...
This paper formalizes the role of legal infrastructure in economic development in a general equilibrium model with endogenously determined property rights enforcement. It illustrates the mutual importance of proper...
Annexe A. Evaluation du droit de tirage spécial (règle 0-1) La valeur du droit de tirage spécial sera égale à la somme des montants suivants des monnaies énumérées ci-après:...
...
Part I. Need to Supplement Reserves 1. Basis for Allocation This proposal to allocate special drawing rights is made in accordance with my conclusion t...
a. Use In Settlement of Financial Obligations A. In accordance with Article XIX, Section 2(c), the Fund prescribes that: 1. A participa...
a. Use of SDRs By Participants In Pledges In accordance with Article XIX, Section 2(c), the Fund prescribes that: 1. A participant, by agreement with another participant,...
a. Use of SDRs By Participants In Swap Operations In accordance with Article XIX, Section 2(c), the Fund prescribes that: 1. A participant, by agreement with another part...
a. Diversification of Investments 1. The Fund, recognizing that the SDR is the unit of account in which the assets of the Trust established by Decision No. 5069-(76/72), adopted May...
Surveillance over Exchange Rate Policies Article IV, Section 3(a) of the Second Amendment provides that “The Fund shall oversee the international monetary system in order to ensure i...
Evaluation du droit de tirage spécial (DTS) Aux termes des Statuts initiaux, l’unité de compte du Fonds était le dollar or, soit le dollar des Etats-Unis d’Amérique, du poids et du t...
Obligations Involving Gold The Second Amendment of the Articles has abolished the former official price of gold and all the former obligations of members and the Fund to pay or to re...
La présente brochure est la troisième étude consacrée aux changements qui se sont produits dans le droit monétaire, tant au niveau international qu’interne, à la suite de l’effondrement du système des parité...
Article IV du deuxième amendement Dans son communiqué du 30 avril 1978, le Comité intérimaire a décrit l’incidence du deuxième amendement sur les dispositions de change dans les term...
Evaluation de l’or Le deuxième amendement a abrogé le prix officiel de l’or, mais l’ancien prix officiel a été conservé à certaines fins limitativement prévues par les Statuts...
DTS 1. La composition du panier de monnaies qui sert à déterminer la valeur du DTS a été modifiée avec effet du 1er juillet 1978 conformément à une décision qui énonce par ailleurs l...
Monetary law continues to develop and change as a result of the objectives of making the SDR the principal reserve asset and gradually reducing the role of gold in the international monetary system, and of t...
This paper presents the fourth survey of certain changes in international and national monetary law and practice in relation to special drawing rights (SDRs), currencies, and gold. SDRs have characteristics that en...
...
...
...
This paper presents the fourth survey of certain changes in international and national monetary law and practice in relation to special drawing rights (SDRs), currencies, and gold. SDRs have characteristics that en...
This paper presents the fourth survey of certain changes in international and national monetary law and practice in relation to special drawing rights (SDRs), currencies, and gold. SDRs have characteristics that en...
Introduction The Prefatory Note to this pamphlet recalls that an objective of the Second Amendment of the Articles of Agreement of the International Monetary Fund is that the special...
...
1. Effective July 1, 1974, and subject to the addition of the amount of each currency listed in paragraph (a), which will be calculated in the manner set out in SM/74/142, dated June 13, 1974, on the last bu...
The following decision is adopted in order to facilitate the conduct of the operations of the Fund involving currencies for which rates are not maintained within the margins under Article IV, Section 3 of th...
Article IV: Obligations Regarding Exchange Arrangements Section 1. General obligations of members Recognizing that the essential purpos...
1. The Executive Board has discussed the implementation of Article IV of the proposed second amendment of the Articles of Agreement and has approved the attached document entitled Surveillance over Exchange...
[Public Resolution—No. 10—73d Congress] [H.J. Res. 192] Joint Resolution To assure uniform value to the coins and currencies of the United States. Where...
Floating Currencies The breakdown of the par value system of the original Articles of the Fund and the failure of the Fund’s efforts to substitute a comparable system based on centra...
Effects on New Legislation The proposed second amendment of the Articles of Agreement is responsible for three classes of legislation that members of the Fund have adopted or are in...
This paper examines legal developments in area of floating currencies, special drawing rights, and gold in the IMF. It highlights that the breakdown of the par value system of the original Articles of the IMF and t...
This paper examines legal developments in area of floating currencies, special drawing rights, and gold in the IMF. It highlights that the breakdown of the par value system of the original Articles of the IMF and t...
This paper examines legal developments in area of floating currencies, special drawing rights, and gold in the IMF. It highlights that the breakdown of the par value system of the original Articles of the IMF and t...
Valuation Under the Articles of Agreement The section above, entitled Special Drawing Rights, deals to a large extent with efforts to find a suitable unit of account in lieu of gold...
The changes that have occurred in international monetary arrangements in the period since August 15, 1971 have provoked novel problems of international and domestic monetary law. It is useful to recall brief...
International Agreements: A Survey A number of units of account defined in terms of gold can be found in treaty law, among them the Poincaré franc, 86...
This paper analyzes legal impact of the Articles of Agreement of the IMF on the business transactions of private persons and corporations. At the heart of the Articles is the simple idea that the member states of t...
