Volume: 2009
Series: Technical Notes and Manuals
Author(s):
Dominique Bouley
,
Davina Jacobs
, and
Jean-Luc Hélis
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
30
December
2009
ISBN: 9781462343478
This technical note analyzes the importance of a budget classification system. It highlights that budget classification is one of the fundamental building blocks of a sound budget management system, as it determine...
Volume: 09
Series: Technical Notes and Manuals
Author(s):
Dominique Bouley
,
Davina Jacobs
, and
Jean-Luc Hélis
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
30
December
2009
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781462343478.005
ISBN: 9781462343478
This technical note analyzes the importance of a budget classification system. It highlights that budget classification is one of the fundamental building blocks of a sound budget management system, as it determine...
Series: Economic Issues
Author(s):
Eva Jenkner
, and
Arye Hillman
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
01
June
2005
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781589062436.051
ISBN: 9781589062436
In an ideal world, primary education would be universal and publicly financed, and all children would be able to attend school regardless of their parents' ability or willingness to pay. In many poor countries, how...
Series: Economic Issues
Author(s):
Eva Jenkner
, and
Arye Hillman
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
01
June
2005
ISBN: 9781589062436
In an ideal world, primary education would be universal and publicly financed, and all children would be able to attend school regardless of their parents’ ability or willingness to pay. The reason is simple...
Series: Economic Issues
Author(s):
Eva Jenkner
, and
Arye Hillman
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
01
June
2005
ISBN: 9781589062436
In an ideal world, primary education would be universal and publicly financed, and all children would be able to attend school regardless of their parents' ability or willingness to pay. In many poor countries, how...
Series: Economic Issues
Author(s):
Eva Jenkner
, and
Arye Hillman
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
01
June
2005
ISBN: 9781589062436
In an ideal world, primary education would be universal and publicly financed, and all children would be able to attend school regardless of their parents' ability or willingness to pay. In many poor countries, how...
Series: Occasional Papers
Author(s):
Gyorgy Szapary
,
Steven Dunaway
,
David Burton
, and
Mario Bléjer
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
15
March
1991
ISBN: 9781557752024
This appendix summarizes the results of the estimation of models of the demand for a range of monetary aggregates originally reported in Burton and Ha (1990). The approach adopted i...
Series: Occasional Papers
Author(s):
Gyorgy Szapary
,
Steven Dunaway
,
David Burton
, and
Mario Bléjer
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
15
March
1991
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781557752024.084
ISBN: 9781557752024
China encountered problems preserving economic stability while pursuing reforms aimed at increasing its economic flexibility and efficiency. This paper examines China's experience with market-oriented reforms since...
Series: Occasional Papers
Author(s):
Gyorgy Szapary
,
Steven Dunaway
,
David Burton
, and
Mario Bléjer
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
15
March
1991
ISBN: 9781557752024
China encountered problems preserving economic stability while pursuing reforms aimed at increasing its economic flexibility and efficiency. This paper examines China's experience with market-oriented reforms since...
Series: Occasional Papers
Author(s):
Gyorgy Szapary
,
Steven Dunaway
,
David Burton
, and
Mario Bléjer
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
15
March
1991
ISBN: 9781557752024
China encountered problems preserving economic stability while pursuing reforms aimed at increasing its economic flexibility and efficiency. This paper examines China's experience with market-oriented reforms since...
Series: Occasional Papers
Author(s):
Gyorgy Szapary
,
Steven Dunaway
,
David Burton
, and
Mario Bléjer
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
15
March
1991
ISBN: 9781557752024
China has undertaken a wide-ranging program of economic reforms since 1978. Recognizing that the rigidities inherent in central planning had seriously inhibited the efficient allocation of resources and had...
Series: Occasional Papers
Author(s):
Gyorgy Szapary
,
Steven Dunaway
,
David Burton
, and
Mario Bléjer
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
15
March
1991
ISBN: 9781557752024
In late 1978 China announced a program to reshape its economy. Over the subsequent ten years, economic reform involved the relaxation of direct planning controls, the decentralization of economic decision ma...
Series: Occasional Papers
Author(s):
Gyorgy Szapary
,
Steven Dunaway
,
David Burton
, and
Mario Bléjer
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
15
March
1991
ISBN: 9781557752024
Since market-oriented reforms were set in motion in 1978, the nature and role of macroeconomic policy instruments, particularly monetary and fiscal policy, have been transformed pari passu with the changes i...
Series: Occasional Papers
Author(s):
Edgardo Ruggiero
,
Peter Heller
,
Menachem Katz
,
Robert Feldman
,
Richard Hemming
,
Peter Kohnert
,
Ziba Farhadian
,
Donogh McDonald
,
Ahsan Mansur
, and
Bernard Nivollet
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
15
September
1986
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9780939934683.084
ISBN: 9780939934683
Most of the seven major industrial countries are now experiencing significant changes in their demographic structure. A persistent pattern of declining fertility and improving life expectancy has created major segm...
Series: Occasional Papers
Author(s):
Edgardo Ruggiero
,
Peter Heller
,
Menachem Katz
,
Robert Feldman
,
Richard Hemming
,
Peter Kohnert
,
Ziba Farhadian
,
Donogh McDonald
,
Ahsan Mansur
, and
Bernard Nivollet
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
15
September
1986
ISBN: 9780939934683
Most of the seven major industrial countries are now experiencing significant changes in their demographic structure. A persistent pattern of declining fertility and improving life expectancy has created major segm...
Series: Occasional Papers
Author(s):
Edgardo Ruggiero
,
Peter Heller
,
Menachem Katz
,
Robert Feldman
,
Richard Hemming
,
Peter Kohnert
,
Ziba Farhadian
,
Donogh McDonald
,
Ahsan Mansur
, and
Bernard Nivollet
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
15
September
1986
ISBN: 9780939934683
Most of the seven major industrial countries are now experiencing significant changes in their demographic structure. A persistent pattern of declining fertility and improving life expectancy has created major segm...
Series: Occasional Papers
Author(s):
Edgardo Ruggiero
,
Peter Heller
,
Menachem Katz
,
Robert Feldman
,
Richard Hemming
,
Peter Kohnert
,
Ziba Farhadian
,
Donogh McDonald
,
Ahsan Mansur
, and
Bernard Nivollet
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
15
September
1986
ISBN: 9780939934683
Introduction
Most of the seven major industrial countries are now experiencing significant changes in their demographic structure. A persistent pattern of declining fertility and imp...
Series: Occasional Papers
Author(s):
Edgardo Ruggiero
,
Peter Heller
,
Menachem Katz
,
Robert Feldman
,
Richard Hemming
,
Peter Kohnert
,
Ziba Farhadian
,
Donogh McDonald
,
Ahsan Mansur
, and
Bernard Nivollet
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
15
September
1986
ISBN: 9780939934683
Pattern of Government Social Expenditure, 1980
An important problem faced in undertaking this study, particularly given its cross-country focus, was how to define the social expendit...
Series: Occasional Papers
Author(s):
Edgardo Ruggiero
,
Peter Heller
,
Menachem Katz
,
Robert Feldman
,
Richard Hemming
,
Peter Kohnert
,
Ziba Farhadian
,
Donogh McDonald
,
Ahsan Mansur
, and
Bernard Nivollet
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
15
September
1986
ISBN: 9780939934683
A significant change is projected in the demographic structure of the seven major industrial countries over the next several decades. Through the year 2000 much of this change can be predicted with reasonabl...
Series: Occasional Papers
Author(s):
Edgardo Ruggiero
,
Peter Heller
,
Menachem Katz
,
Robert Feldman
,
Richard Hemming
,
Peter Kohnert
,
Ziba Farhadian
,
Donogh McDonald
,
Ahsan Mansur
, and
Bernard Nivollet
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
15
September
1986
ISBN: 9780939934683
The largest single item of social expenditure in most of the seven major industrial countries is pensions; Canada and Japan are the only exceptions (Chart 3 and Table 15). Of the three major government socia...
Series: Occasional Papers
Author(s):
Edgardo Ruggiero
,
Peter Heller
,
Menachem Katz
,
Robert Feldman
,
Richard Hemming
,
Peter Kohnert
,
Ziba Farhadian
,
Donogh McDonald
,
Ahsan Mansur
, and
Bernard Nivollet
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
15
September
1986
ISBN: 9780939934683
In the past two and a half decades, the growth in government expenditure on health and medical care has been explosive, more than doubling as a ratio to GDP in the seven major industrial countries. An increa...
Series: Occasional Papers
Author(s):
Edgardo Ruggiero
,
Peter Heller
,
Menachem Katz
,
Robert Feldman
,
Richard Hemming
,
Peter Kohnert
,
Ziba Farhadian
,
Donogh McDonald
,
Ahsan Mansur
, and
Bernard Nivollet
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
15
September
1986
ISBN: 9780939934683
As much as for any other social program, the demand for education is influenced vitally by demographic factors. After a long period of expansion, the education system of most of the countries has entered or...
Series: Occasional Papers
Author(s):
Edgardo Ruggiero
,
Peter Heller
,
Menachem Katz
,
Robert Feldman
,
Richard Hemming
,
Peter Kohnert
,
Ziba Farhadian
,
Donogh McDonald
,
Ahsan Mansur
, and
Bernard Nivollet
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
15
September
1986
ISBN: 9780939934683
Unemployment Compensation
Although the level of unemployment is clearly a major determinant of expenditure on unemployment compensation programs, the correspondence is less than perf...
Series: Occasional Papers
Author(s):
G. Johnson
, and
Richard Abrams
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
15
March
1983
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781557750587.084
ISBN: 9781557750587
During the 1970s, international lending by banks came to play a dominant role in the flow of international finance. In the early 1980s, banks have continued to play a major role, but the recent evidence of strains...
Series: Occasional Papers
Author(s):
G. Johnson
, and
Richard Abrams
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
15
March
1983
ISBN: 9781557750587
During the 1970s, international lending by banks came to play a dominant role in the flow of international finance. In the early 1980s, banks have continued to play a major role, but the recent evidence of strains...
Series: Occasional Papers
Author(s):
G. Johnson
, and
Richard Abrams
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
15
March
1983
ISBN: 9781557750587
During the 1970s, international lending by banks came to play a dominant role in the flow of international finance. In the early 1980s, banks have continued to play a major role, but the recent evidence of strains...
Series: Occasional Papers
Author(s):
G. Johnson
, and
Richard Abrams
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
15
March
1983
ISBN: 9781557750587
During the 1970s, international lending by banks came to play a dominant role in the flow of international finance. In the early 1980s, banks have continued to play a major role, but the recent evidence of s...
Series: Occasional Papers
Author(s):
G. Johnson
, and
Richard Abrams
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
15
March
1983
ISBN: 9781557750587
The year 1982 was one of turmoil in financial markets. Banking problems, as measured, say, by the tiering of interest rates, were not as severe as in 1974–75, but it is nonetheless likely that substantial ch...
Series: Occasional Papers
Author(s):
G. Johnson
, and
Richard Abrams
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
15
March
1983
ISBN: 9781557750587
The immediate consequences of problems in international banking would be financial—the disruption of payments mechanisms and the breakdown of financial intermediation. If unchecked, these could quickly impin...
Series: Occasional Papers
Author(s):
G. Johnson
, and
Richard Abrams
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
15
March
1983
ISBN: 9781557750587
As in all financial intermediation, risk is an inherent feature of international banking. This section describes the risks involved and discusses some of the threats these risks pose to the continuity of int...
Series: Occasional Papers
Author(s):
G. Johnson
, and
Richard Abrams
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
15
March
1983
ISBN: 9781557750587
The first line of defense for the stability of banking systems is that individual banks themselves act so as to reduce the risk of failure. Financial intermediation is inherently risky; therefore, banks must...
Series: Occasional Papers
Author(s):
G. Johnson
, and
Richard Abrams
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
15
March
1983
ISBN: 9781557750587
Since no system of prudential control can eliminate the possibility of bank failure, depositors can never be certain that banks will be able to repay their deposits; and if doubts arise about the solvency of...
Series: Occasional Papers
Author(s):
G. Johnson
, and
Richard Abrams
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
15
March
1983
ISBN: 9781557750587
Viewed from an international perspective, deposit insurance plays a relatively minor role in bolstering the confidence of depositors. There are also a number of gaps in coverage by lenders of last resort, in...
