Series: Books
Author(s):
Ruud A. Mooij
,
Alexander Klemm
, and
Victoria Perry
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
26
February
2021
ISBN: 9781513511771
Introduction
The complex interaction—and possible overlap—between different tax jurisdictions justifies coordination efforts to avoid double taxation, which can harm international tr...
Series: Books
Author(s):
Ruud A. Mooij
,
Alexander Klemm
, and
Victoria Perry
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
26
February
2021
ISBN: 9781513511771
Introduction
Country-specific origin-based profit taxes are marked by profit shifting and tax competition (see Chapter 6). Incentives for profit shifting can be mitigated, but not el...
Series: Books
Author(s):
Ruud A. Mooij
,
Alexander Klemm
, and
Victoria Perry
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
26
February
2021
ISBN: 9781513511771
Introduction
At the heart of the current international tax architecture, which grants primary taxing rights to source countries, is the need to determine how much profit each country...
Series: Books
Author(s):
Ruud A. Mooij
,
Alexander Klemm
, and
Victoria Perry
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
26
February
2021
ISBN: 9781513511771
Introduction
The current international tax system, which is based on separate accounting for corporate affiliates trading at arm’s length prices, is increasingly viewed as prone to a...
Series: Books
Author(s):
Ruud A. Mooij
,
Alexander Klemm
, and
Victoria Perry
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
26
February
2021
ISBN: 9781513511771
How did the rise of multinational enterprises put pressure on the prevailing international corporate tax framework? Multinational enterprises, and firms with market power, are not new phenomena, nor is the c...
Series: Books
Author(s):
Ruud A. Mooij
,
Alexander Klemm
, and
Victoria Perry
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
26
February
2021
ISBN: 9781513511771
Introduction
Countries compete over productive capital and paper profits. Taxation has been one important element in the set of policy instruments regarding competition....
Series: Books
Author(s):
Ruud A. Mooij
,
Alexander Klemm
, and
Victoria Perry
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
26
February
2021
ISBN: 9781513511771
In recent years, newspaper headlines have featured terms such as “digital service taxes,” “paradise papers,” and “tax wars,” all referring to various issues in international taxation. These and related topic...
Series: Books
Author(s):
Ruud A. Mooij
,
Alexander Klemm
, and
Victoria Perry
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
26
February
2021
ISBN: 9781513511771
Introduction
As discussed in previous chapters, source-based taxation faces many difficulties: it is increasingly difficult—conceptually and practically—to allocate profits to where...
Series: Books
Author(s):
Ruud A. Mooij
,
Alexander Klemm
, and
Victoria Perry
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
26
February
2021
ISBN: 9781513511771
Introduction
The world is in a state of fairly deep confusion regarding whether the international tax system is to be moved toward or away from residence-based corporate taxation. Ch...
Series: Books
Author(s):
Ruud A. Mooij
,
Alexander Klemm
, and
Victoria Perry
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
26
February
2021
ISBN: 9781513511771
Introduction
Resource-rich countries can collect revenues from natural resources to support economic development and structural transformation, although often the revenue potential i...
Series: Books
Author(s):
Ruud A. Mooij
,
Alexander Klemm
, and
Victoria Perry
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
26
February
2021
ISBN: 9781513511771
Introduction
Source-based taxation lies at the heart of the current international tax architecture (see Chapter 3), and its importance has further risen with the abolition of worldwi...
Series: Books
Author(s):
Ruud A. Mooij
,
Alexander Klemm
, and
Victoria Perry
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
26
February
2021
ISBN: 9781513511771
Introduction
Technology is being harnessed to redefine traditional business models and provide new ways for buyers and sellers to interact both locally and globally. The result has b...
Series: Books
Author(s):
Ruud A. Mooij
,
Alexander Klemm
, and
Victoria Perry
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
26
February
2021
ISBN: 9781513511771
Introduction
When a business activity crosses national borders, the question arises as to where the profits resulting from that activity should be taxed. In principle, there are at l...
Series: Books
Author(s):
Ruud A. Mooij
,
Alexander Klemm
, and
Victoria Perry
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
26
February
2021
ISBN: 9781513511771
Introduction
This chapter brings a legal perspective to the pressures in the international corporate tax system that have been discussed in other chapters largely from an economic po...
Series: Books
Author(s):
Ruud A. Mooij
,
Alexander Klemm
, and
Victoria Perry
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
26
February
2021
ISBN: 9781513511771
Introduction
Multinational corporations can often reduce their global tax liabilities through profit-shifting activities (Chapter 5). Typical examples include transfer price manipula...
Series: Books
Author(s):
Ruud A. Mooij
,
Alexander Klemm
, and
Victoria Perry
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
26
February
2021
ISBN: 9781513511771
Introduction
The question whether countries should tax corporations on their income is an old one, yet it has never been more topical than it is today. Tax competition is driving dow...
Series: Books
Author(s):
Ruud A. Mooij
,
Alexander Klemm
, and
Victoria Perry
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
26
February
2021
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781513511771.071
ISBN: 9781513511771
The book describes the difficulties of the current international corporate income tax system. It starts by describing its origins and how changes, such as the development of multinational enterprises and digitaliza...
Series: Books
Author(s):
Ruud A. Mooij
,
Alexander Klemm
, and
Victoria Perry
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
26
February
2021
ISBN: 9781513511771
The book describes the difficulties of the current international corporate income tax system. It starts by describing its origins and how changes, such as the development of multinational enterprises and digitaliza...
Series: Books
Author(s):
Ruud A. Mooij
,
Alexander Klemm
, and
Victoria Perry
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
26
February
2021
ISBN: 9781513511771
The book describes the difficulties of the current international corporate income tax system. It starts by describing its origins and how changes, such as the development of multinational enterprises and digitaliza...
Series: Books
Author(s):
Ruud A. Mooij
,
Alexander Klemm
, and
Victoria Perry
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
26
February
2021
ISBN: 9781513511771
...
Series: Books
Author(s):
Ruud A. Mooij
,
Alexander Klemm
, and
Victoria Perry
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
26
February
2021
ISBN: 9781513511771
...
Series: Books
Author(s):
Ruud A. Mooij
,
Alexander Klemm
, and
Victoria Perry
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
26
February
2021
ISBN: 9781513511771
...
Volume/Issue: 2021/040
Series: IMF Staff Country Reports
Author(s):
International Monetary Fund. African Dept.
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
12
February
2021
Language: French
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781513569420.002
ISBN: 9781513569420
This staff report proposes the modification of the performance criteria for end-December 2020 for the economic program supported by the three-year Extended Credit Facility (ECF) arrangement that was approved by the...
Volume/Issue: 2021/040
Series: IMF Staff Country Reports
Author(s):
International Monetary Fund. African Dept.
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
12
February
2021
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781513569093.002
ISBN: 9781513569093
This staff report proposes the modification of the performance criteria for end-December 2020 for the economic program supported by the three-year Extended Credit Facility (ECF) arrangement that was approved by the...
Volume/Issue: 2021/040
Series: IMF Staff Country Reports
Author(s):
International Monetary Fund. African Dept.
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
12
February
2021
Language: French
ISBN: 9781513569420
This staff report proposes the modification of the performance criteria for end-December 2020 for the economic program supported by the three-year Extended Credit Facility (ECF) arrangement that was approved by the...
Volume/Issue: 2021/040
Series: IMF Staff Country Reports
Author(s):
International Monetary Fund. African Dept.
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
12
February
2021
ISBN: 9781513569093
This staff report proposes the modification of the performance criteria for end-December 2020 for the economic program supported by the three-year Extended Credit Facility (ECF) arrangement that was approved by the...
Volume/Issue: 2021/029
Series: IMF Staff Country Reports
Author(s):
International Monetary Fund. African Dept.
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
11
February
2021
Language: Portuguese
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781513569062.002
ISBN: 9781513569062
Guinea Bissau is a fragile state with a long history of political instability.
Poverty is high with about 67 percent of the population living below the poverty line of
US$1.90 per day. The economy relies heavily on...
Volume/Issue: 2021/029
Series: IMF Staff Country Reports
Author(s):
International Monetary Fund. African Dept.
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
11
February
2021
Language: Portuguese
ISBN: 9781513569062
Guinea Bissau is a fragile state with a long history of political instability.
Poverty is high with about 67 percent of the population living below the poverty line of
US$1.90 per day. The economy relies heavily on...
Volume/Issue: 2021/038
Series: IMF Staff Country Reports
Author(s):
International Monetary Fund. Middle East and Central Asia Dept.
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
11
February
2021
ISBN: 9781513568904
Iraq's socio-economic fragilities have been severely aggravated by the pandemic and the sharp decline in oil revenues, which arrived on the heels of widespread social unrest and political instability. The health sy...
Volume/Issue: 2021/038
Series: IMF Staff Country Reports
Author(s):
International Monetary Fund. Middle East and Central Asia Dept.
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
11
February
2021
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781513568904.002
ISBN: 9781513568904
Iraq's socio-economic fragilities have been severely aggravated by the pandemic and the sharp decline in oil revenues, which arrived on the heels of widespread social unrest and political instability. The health sy...
Volume/Issue: 2021/038
Series: IMF Staff Country Reports
Author(s):
International Monetary Fund. Middle East and Central Asia Dept.
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
11
February
2021
ISBN: 9781513568904
Iraq's socio-economic fragilities have been severely aggravated by the pandemic and the sharp decline in oil revenues, which arrived on the heels of widespread social unrest and political instability. The health sy...
Volume/Issue: 2021/038
Series: IMF Staff Country Reports
Author(s):
International Monetary Fund. Middle East and Central Asia Dept.
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
11
February
2021
ISBN: 9781513568904
Iraq's socio-economic fragilities have been severely aggravated by the pandemic and the sharp decline in oil revenues, which arrived on the heels of widespread social unrest and political instability. The health sy...
Volume/Issue: 2021/038
Series: IMF Staff Country Reports
Author(s):
International Monetary Fund. Middle East and Central Asia Dept.
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
11
February
2021
ISBN: 9781513568904
Iraq's socio-economic fragilities have been severely aggravated by the pandemic and the sharp decline in oil revenues, which arrived on the heels of widespread social unrest and political instability. The health sy...
Volume/Issue: 2021/036
Series: IMF Staff Country Reports
Author(s):
International Monetary Fund. European Dept.
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
09
February
2021
ISBN: 9781513568751
Russia entered the crisis with low potential growth but strong macroeconomic policy frameworks and significant buffers. Policy space allowed the authorities to mount a sizeable public health and countercyclical res...
Volume/Issue: 2021/036
Series: IMF Staff Country Reports
Author(s):
International Monetary Fund. European Dept.
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
09
February
2021
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781513568751.002
ISBN: 9781513568751
Russia entered the crisis with low potential growth but strong macroeconomic policy frameworks and significant buffers. Policy space allowed the authorities to mount a sizeable public health and countercyclical res...
Volume/Issue: 2021/036
Series: IMF Staff Country Reports
Author(s):
International Monetary Fund. European Dept.
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
09
February
2021
ISBN: 9781513568751
Russia entered the crisis with low potential growth but strong macroeconomic policy frameworks and significant buffers. Policy space allowed the authorities to mount a sizeable public health and countercyclical res...
Volume/Issue: 2021/036
Series: IMF Staff Country Reports
Author(s):
International Monetary Fund. European Dept.
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
09
February
2021
ISBN: 9781513568751
Russia entered the crisis with low potential growth but strong macroeconomic policy frameworks and significant buffers. Policy space allowed the authorities to mount a sizeable public health and countercyclical res...
Volume/Issue: 2021/036
Series: IMF Staff Country Reports
Author(s):
International Monetary Fund. European Dept.
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
09
February
2021
ISBN: 9781513568751
Russia entered the crisis with low potential growth but strong macroeconomic policy frameworks and significant buffers. Policy space allowed the authorities to mount a sizeable public health and countercyclical res...
Volume/Issue: 2021/035
Series: IMF Staff Country Reports
Author(s):
International Monetary Fund. European Dept.
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
08
February
2021
ISBN: 9781513568577
After a long period of uninterrupted growth, Poland is experiencing a pandemic-induced recession, though strong policy actions have limited the damage. The economy rebounded strongly in the third quarter of 2020, b...
Volume/Issue: 2021/033
Series: IMF Staff Country Reports
Author(s):
International Monetary Fund. African Dept.
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
08
February
2021
ISBN: 9781513568423
The Nigerian economy is at a critical juncture. A weak pre-crisis economy characterized by falling per capita income, double-digit inflation, significant governance vulnerabilities and limited buffers, is grappling...
Volume/Issue: 2021/033
Series: IMF Staff Country Reports
Author(s):
International Monetary Fund. African Dept.
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
08
February
2021
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781513568423.002
ISBN: 9781513568423
The Nigerian economy is at a critical juncture. A weak pre-crisis economy characterized by falling per capita income, double-digit inflation, significant governance vulnerabilities and limited buffers, is grappling...
Volume/Issue: 2021/034
Series: IMF Staff Country Reports
Author(s):
International Monetary Fund. African Dept.
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
08
February
2021
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781513568461.002
ISBN: 9781513568461
Selected Issues...
Volume/Issue: 2021/035
Series: IMF Staff Country Reports
Author(s):
International Monetary Fund. European Dept.
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
08
February
2021
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781513568577.002
ISBN: 9781513568577
After a long period of uninterrupted growth, Poland is experiencing a pandemic-induced recession, though strong policy actions have limited the damage. The economy rebounded strongly in the third quarter of 2020, b...
Volume/Issue: 2021/033
Series: IMF Staff Country Reports
Author(s):
International Monetary Fund. African Dept.
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
08
February
2021
ISBN: 9781513568423
The Nigerian economy is at a critical juncture. A weak pre-crisis economy characterized by falling per capita income, double-digit inflation, significant governance vulnerabilities and limited buffers, is grappling...
Volume/Issue: 2021/034
Series: IMF Staff Country Reports
Author(s):
International Monetary Fund. African Dept.
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
08
February
2021
ISBN: 9781513568461
Selected Issues...
Volume/Issue: 2021/034
Series: IMF Staff Country Reports
Author(s):
International Monetary Fund. African Dept.
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
08
February
2021
ISBN: 9781513568461
Selected Issues...
Volume/Issue: 2021/034
Series: IMF Staff Country Reports
Author(s):
International Monetary Fund. African Dept.
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
08
February
2021
ISBN: 9781513568461
Selected Issues...
Volume/Issue: 2021/034
Series: IMF Staff Country Reports
Author(s):
International Monetary Fund. African Dept.
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
08
February
2021
ISBN: 9781513568461
Selected Issues...
Volume/Issue: 2021/033
Series: IMF Staff Country Reports
Author(s):
International Monetary Fund. African Dept.
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
08
February
2021
ISBN: 9781513568423
The Nigerian economy is at a critical juncture. A weak pre-crisis economy characterized by falling per capita income, double-digit inflation, significant governance vulnerabilities and limited buffers, is grappling...
Volume/Issue: 2021/035
Series: IMF Staff Country Reports
Author(s):
International Monetary Fund. European Dept.
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
08
February
2021
ISBN: 9781513568577
After a long period of uninterrupted growth, Poland is experiencing a pandemic-induced recession, though strong policy actions have limited the damage. The economy rebounded strongly in the third quarter of 2020, b...
Volume/Issue: 2021/035
Series: IMF Staff Country Reports
Author(s):
International Monetary Fund. European Dept.
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
08
February
2021
ISBN: 9781513568577
After a long period of uninterrupted growth, Poland is experiencing a pandemic-induced recession, though strong policy actions have limited the damage. The economy rebounded strongly in the third quarter of 2020, b...
Volume/Issue: 2021/033
Series: IMF Staff Country Reports
Author(s):
International Monetary Fund. African Dept.
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
08
February
2021
ISBN: 9781513568423
The Nigerian economy is at a critical juncture. A weak pre-crisis economy characterized by falling per capita income, double-digit inflation, significant governance vulnerabilities and limited buffers, is grappling...
Volume/Issue: 2021/035
Series: IMF Staff Country Reports
Author(s):
International Monetary Fund. European Dept.
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
08
February
2021
ISBN: 9781513568577
After a long period of uninterrupted growth, Poland is experiencing a pandemic-induced recession, though strong policy actions have limited the damage. The economy rebounded strongly in the third quarter of 2020, b...
Volume/Issue: 2021/032
Series: IMF Staff Country Reports
Author(s):
International Monetary Fund. Fiscal Affairs Dept.
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
05
February
2021
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781513568362.002
ISBN: 9781513568362
Iraq is substantially exposed to fiscal risks related to guarantees issued by the State, with a stock of guarantees related to foreign currency service payments and debt of USD 21.7 billion at end-June 2017 and a s...
Volume/Issue: 2021/032
Series: IMF Staff Country Reports
Author(s):
International Monetary Fund. Fiscal Affairs Dept.
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
05
February
2021
ISBN: 9781513568362
Iraq is substantially exposed to fiscal risks related to guarantees issued by the State, with a stock of guarantees related to foreign currency service payments and debt of USD 21.7 billion at end-June 2017 and a s...
Volume/Issue: 2021/003
Series: Policy Papers
Author(s):
International Monetary Fund. Strategy, Policy, & Review Department
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
03
February
2021
ISBN: 9781513568324
A careful review has revealed significant scope to modernize and better align the MAC DSA with its objectives and the IMF's lending framework. This note proposes replacing the current framework with a new methodolo...
Volume/Issue: 2021/003
Series: Policy Papers
Author(s):
International Monetary Fund. Strategy, Policy, & Review Department
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
03
February
2021
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781513568324.007
ISBN: 9781513568324
A careful review has revealed significant scope to modernize and better align the MAC DSA with its objectives and the IMF's lending framework. This note proposes replacing the current framework with a new methodolo...
Volume/Issue: 2021/003
Series: Policy Papers
Author(s):
International Monetary Fund. Strategy, Policy, & Review Department
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
03
February
2021
ISBN: 9781513568324
A careful review has revealed significant scope to modernize and better align the MAC DSA with its objectives and the IMF's lending framework. This note proposes replacing the current framework with a new methodolo...
Volume/Issue: 2021/031
Series: IMF Staff Country Reports
Author(s):
International Monetary Fund. Statistics Dept.
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
03
February
2021
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781513568218.002
ISBN: 9781513568218
At the request of the Superintendency of Banks of Panama (SBP), and with the support of the International Monetary Fund's (IMF's) Western Hemisphere Department (WHD), a monetary and financial statistics (MFS) remot...
Volume/Issue: 2021/031
Series: IMF Staff Country Reports
Author(s):
International Monetary Fund. Statistics Dept.
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
03
February
2021
ISBN: 9781513568218
At the request of the Superintendency of Banks of Panama (SBP), and with the support of the International Monetary Fund's (IMF's) Western Hemisphere Department (WHD), a monetary and financial statistics (MFS) remot...
Volume/Issue: 2021/003
Series: Policy Papers
Author(s):
International Monetary Fund. Strategy, Policy, & Review Department
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
03
February
2021
ISBN: 9781513568324
A careful review has revealed significant scope to modernize and better align the MAC DSA with its objectives and the IMF's lending framework. This note proposes replacing the current framework with a new methodolo...
Volume/Issue: 2021/027
Series: IMF Staff Country Reports
Author(s):
International Monetary Fund. European Dept.
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
01
February
2021
ISBN: 9781513568119
The economy contracted sharply amid two waves of COVID-19 infections, with
the government providing sizable policy support. The outlook is very uncertain and the
main challenge facing policymakers is to keep adjust...
Volume/Issue: 2021/027
Series: IMF Staff Country Reports
Author(s):
International Monetary Fund. European Dept.
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
01
February
2021
ISBN: 9781513568119
The economy contracted sharply amid two waves of COVID-19 infections, with
the government providing sizable policy support. The outlook is very uncertain and the
main challenge facing policymakers is to keep adjust...
Volume/Issue: 2021/028
Series: IMF Staff Country Reports
Author(s):
International Monetary Fund. African Dept.
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
01
February
2021
ISBN: 9781513568157
The Covid-19 pandemic had a substantial impact on C.A.R.'s economy but appears now somewhat contained. The number of positive cases and related deaths has been very limited over the last few months, even though mos...
Volume/Issue: 2021/028
Series: IMF Staff Country Reports
Author(s):
International Monetary Fund. African Dept.
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
01
February
2021
ISBN: 9781513568157
The Covid-19 pandemic had a substantial impact on C.A.R.'s economy but appears now somewhat contained. The number of positive cases and related deaths has been very limited over the last few months, even though mos...
Volume/Issue: 2021/028
Series: IMF Staff Country Reports
Author(s):
International Monetary Fund. African Dept.
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
01
February
2021
ISBN: 9781513568157
The Covid-19 pandemic had a substantial impact on C.A.R.'s economy but appears now somewhat contained. The number of positive cases and related deaths has been very limited over the last few months, even though mos...
Volume/Issue: 2021/029
Series: IMF Staff Country Reports
Author(s):
International Monetary Fund. African Dept.
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
01
February
2021
ISBN: 9781513568188
Guinea Bissau is a fragile state with a long history of political instability.
Poverty is high with about 67 percent of the population living below the poverty line of
US$1.90 per day. The economy relies heavily on...
Volume/Issue: 2021/029
Series: IMF Staff Country Reports
Author(s):
International Monetary Fund. African Dept.
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
01
February
2021
ISBN: 9781513568188
Guinea Bissau is a fragile state with a long history of political instability.
Poverty is high with about 67 percent of the population living below the poverty line of
US$1.90 per day. The economy relies heavily on...
Volume/Issue: 2021/029
Series: IMF Staff Country Reports
Author(s):
International Monetary Fund. African Dept.
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
01
February
2021
ISBN: 9781513568188
Guinea Bissau is a fragile state with a long history of political instability.
Poverty is high with about 67 percent of the population living below the poverty line of
US$1.90 per day. The economy relies heavily on...
Volume/Issue: 2021/026
Series: IMF Staff Country Reports
Author(s):
International Monetary Fund. Asia and Pacific Dept
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
01
February
2021
ISBN: 9781513568041
Tonga's recovery following the devastation of the 2018 Cyclone Gita has been derailed by a double blow from the pandemic and Cyclone Harold. FY2020 GDP growth is estimated to fall to -21/2 percent due to domestic c...
Volume/Issue: 2021/029
Series: IMF Staff Country Reports
Author(s):
International Monetary Fund. African Dept.
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
01
February
2021
ISBN: 9781513568188
Guinea Bissau is a fragile state with a long history of political instability.
Poverty is high with about 67 percent of the population living below the poverty line of
US$1.90 per day. The economy relies heavily on...
Volume/Issue: 2021/028
Series: IMF Staff Country Reports
Author(s):
International Monetary Fund. African Dept.
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
01
February
2021
ISBN: 9781513568157
The Covid-19 pandemic had a substantial impact on C.A.R.'s economy but appears now somewhat contained. The number of positive cases and related deaths has been very limited over the last few months, even though mos...
Volume/Issue: 2021/027
Series: IMF Staff Country Reports
Author(s):
International Monetary Fund. European Dept.
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
01
February
2021
ISBN: 9781513568119
The economy contracted sharply amid two waves of COVID-19 infections, with
the government providing sizable policy support. The outlook is very uncertain and the
main challenge facing policymakers is to keep adjust...
Volume/Issue: 2021/026
Series: IMF Staff Country Reports
Author(s):
International Monetary Fund. Asia and Pacific Dept
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
01
February
2021
ISBN: 9781513568041
Tonga's recovery following the devastation of the 2018 Cyclone Gita has been derailed by a double blow from the pandemic and Cyclone Harold. FY2020 GDP growth is estimated to fall to -21/2 percent due to domestic c...
Volume/Issue: 2021/027
Series: IMF Staff Country Reports
Author(s):
International Monetary Fund. European Dept.
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
01
February
2021
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781513568119.002
ISBN: 9781513568119
The economy contracted sharply amid two waves of COVID-19 infections, with
the government providing sizable policy support. The outlook is very uncertain and the
main challenge facing policymakers is to keep adjust...
Volume/Issue: 2021/028
Series: IMF Staff Country Reports
Author(s):
International Monetary Fund. African Dept.
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
01
February
2021
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781513568157.002
ISBN: 9781513568157
The Covid-19 pandemic had a substantial impact on C.A.R.'s economy but appears now somewhat contained. The number of positive cases and related deaths has been very limited over the last few months, even though mos...
Volume/Issue: 2021/029
Series: IMF Staff Country Reports
Author(s):
International Monetary Fund. African Dept.
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
01
February
2021
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781513568188.002
ISBN: 9781513568188
Guinea Bissau is a fragile state with a long history of political instability.
Poverty is high with about 67 percent of the population living below the poverty line of
US$1.90 per day. The economy relies heavily on...
Volume/Issue: 2021/026
Series: IMF Staff Country Reports
Author(s):
International Monetary Fund. Asia and Pacific Dept
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
01
February
2021
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781513568041.002
ISBN: 9781513568041
Tonga's recovery following the devastation of the 2018 Cyclone Gita has been derailed by a double blow from the pandemic and Cyclone Harold. FY2020 GDP growth is estimated to fall to -21/2 percent due to domestic c...
Volume/Issue: 2021/028
Series: IMF Staff Country Reports
Author(s):
International Monetary Fund. African Dept.
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
01
February
2021
ISBN: 9781513568157
The Covid-19 pandemic had a substantial impact on C.A.R.'s economy but appears now somewhat contained. The number of positive cases and related deaths has been very limited over the last few months, even though mos...
Volume/Issue: 2021/029
Series: IMF Staff Country Reports
Author(s):
International Monetary Fund. African Dept.
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
01
February
2021
ISBN: 9781513568188
Guinea Bissau is a fragile state with a long history of political instability.
Poverty is high with about 67 percent of the population living below the poverty line of
US$1.90 per day. The economy relies heavily on...
Volume/Issue: 2021/027
Series: IMF Staff Country Reports
Author(s):
International Monetary Fund. European Dept.
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
01
February
2021
ISBN: 9781513568119
The economy contracted sharply amid two waves of COVID-19 infections, with
the government providing sizable policy support. The outlook is very uncertain and the
main challenge facing policymakers is to keep adjust...
Volume/Issue: 2021/026
Series: IMF Staff Country Reports
Author(s):
International Monetary Fund. Asia and Pacific Dept
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
01
February
2021
ISBN: 9781513568041
Tonga's recovery following the devastation of the 2018 Cyclone Gita has been derailed by a double blow from the pandemic and Cyclone Harold. FY2020 GDP growth is estimated to fall to -21/2 percent due to domestic c...
Volume/Issue: 2021/028
Series: IMF Staff Country Reports
Author(s):
International Monetary Fund. African Dept.
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
01
February
2021
ISBN: 9781513568157
The Covid-19 pandemic had a substantial impact on C.A.R.'s economy but appears now somewhat contained. The number of positive cases and related deaths has been very limited over the last few months, even though mos...
Volume/Issue: 2021/026
Series: IMF Staff Country Reports
Author(s):
International Monetary Fund. Asia and Pacific Dept
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
01
February
2021
ISBN: 9781513568041
Tonga's recovery following the devastation of the 2018 Cyclone Gita has been derailed by a double blow from the pandemic and Cyclone Harold. FY2020 GDP growth is estimated to fall to -21/2 percent due to domestic c...
Volume/Issue: 2021/026
Series: IMF Staff Country Reports
Author(s):
International Monetary Fund. Asia and Pacific Dept
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
01
February
2021
ISBN: 9781513568041
Tonga's recovery following the devastation of the 2018 Cyclone Gita has been derailed by a double blow from the pandemic and Cyclone Harold. FY2020 GDP growth is estimated to fall to -21/2 percent due to domestic c...
Volume/Issue: 2021/026
Series: IMF Staff Country Reports
Author(s):
International Monetary Fund. Asia and Pacific Dept
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
01
February
2021
ISBN: 9781513568041
Tonga's recovery following the devastation of the 2018 Cyclone Gita has been derailed by a double blow from the pandemic and Cyclone Harold. FY2020 GDP growth is estimated to fall to -21/2 percent due to domestic c...
Volume/Issue: 2021/015
Series: IMF Working Papers
Author(s):
Timothy Hills
,
Huy Nguyen
, and
Randa Sab
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
29
January
2021
ISBN: 9781513567778
This study focuses on identifying the main factors that influenced country-specific and aggregate demand for IMF concessional financing between 1986 and 2018 and makes within-period and out-of-period forecasts. We...
Volume/Issue: 2021/020
Series: IMF Working Papers
Author(s):
Luis Cubeddu
,
Swarnali Hannan
, and
Pau Rabanal
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
29
January
2021
ISBN: 9781513568102
Building on the vast literature, this paper focuses on the role of the structure of the international investment position (IIP) in affecting countries' external vulnerabilities. Using a sample of 73 advanced and em...
Volume/Issue: 2021/017
Series: IMF Working Papers
Author(s):
John Hooley
,
Lam Nguyen
,
Mika Saito
, and
Shirin Nikaein Towfighian
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
29
January
2021
ISBN: 9781513567747
This paper explores the causes and consequences of fiscal dominance over monetary policy in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Fiscal dominance has always been a pressing problem as it can contribute to inflation and macroe...
Volume/Issue: 2021/016
Series: IMF Working Papers
Author(s):
W. Bauer
,
R. Craig
,
José Garrido
,
Kenneth Kang
,
Kenichiro Kashiwase
,
Sung Jin Kim
,
Yan Liu
, and
Sohrab Rafiq
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
29
January
2021
ISBN: 9781513568096
The Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) triggered a sharp contraction of economic activity across Asia and the Pacific. Policymakers adopted a 'whatever it takes' approach in their initial response, relying mainly on li...
Volume/Issue: 2021/015
Series: IMF Working Papers
Author(s):
Timothy Hills
,
Huy Nguyen
, and
Randa Sab
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
29
January
2021
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781513567778.001
ISBN: 9781513567778
This study focuses on identifying the main factors that influenced country-specific and aggregate demand for IMF concessional financing between 1986 and 2018 and makes within-period and out-of-period forecasts. We...
Volume/Issue: 2021/020
Series: IMF Working Papers
Author(s):
Luis Cubeddu
,
Swarnali Hannan
, and
Pau Rabanal
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
29
January
2021
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781513568102.001
ISBN: 9781513568102
Building on the vast literature, this paper focuses on the role of the structure of the international investment position (IIP) in affecting countries' external vulnerabilities. Using a sample of 73 advanced and em...
Volume/Issue: 2021/017
Series: IMF Working Papers
Author(s):
John Hooley
,
Lam Nguyen
,
Mika Saito
, and
Shirin Nikaein Towfighian
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
29
January
2021
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781513567747.001
ISBN: 9781513567747
This paper explores the causes and consequences of fiscal dominance over monetary policy in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Fiscal dominance has always been a pressing problem as it can contribute to inflation and macroe...
Volume/Issue: 2021/016
Series: IMF Working Papers
Author(s):
W. Bauer
,
R. Craig
,
José Garrido
,
Kenneth Kang
,
Kenichiro Kashiwase
,
Sung Jin Kim
,
Yan Liu
, and
Sohrab Rafiq
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
29
January
2021
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781513568096.001
ISBN: 9781513568096
The Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) triggered a sharp contraction of economic activity across Asia and the Pacific. Policymakers adopted a 'whatever it takes' approach in their initial response, relying mainly on li...
Volume/Issue: 2021/018
Series: IMF Working Papers
Author(s):
Davide Furceri
,
Michael Ganslmeier
,
Jonathan Ostry
, and
Naihan Yang
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
29
January
2021
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781513567013.001
ISBN: 9781513567013
While the COVID-19 pandemic is affecting all countries, output losses vary considerably across countries. We provide a first analysis of robust determinants of observed initial output losses using model-averaging t...
Volume/Issue: 2021/019
Series: IMF Working Papers
Author(s):
Vigninou Gammadigbe
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
29
January
2021
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781513567716.001
ISBN: 9781513567716
The main objective of Regional Trade Agreements (RTAs) is to stimulate economic growth in participating countries through increased trade, economies of scale, knowledge and technology transfer. Using a panel data o...
Volume/Issue: 2021/021
Series: IMF Working Papers
Author(s):
Philip Barrett
, and
Sophia Chen
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
29
January
2021
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781513567723.001
ISBN: 9781513567723
Epidemics may have social scarring effects, increasing the likelihood of social unrest. They may also have mitigating effect, suppressing unrest by dissuading social activities. Using a new monthly panel on social...
Volume/Issue: 2021/018
Series: IMF Working Papers
Author(s):
Davide Furceri
,
Michael Ganslmeier
,
Jonathan Ostry
, and
Naihan Yang
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
29
January
2021
ISBN: 9781513567013
While the COVID-19 pandemic is affecting all countries, output losses vary considerably across countries. We provide a first analysis of robust determinants of observed initial output losses using model-averaging t...
Volume/Issue: 2021/019
Series: IMF Working Papers
Author(s):
Vigninou Gammadigbe
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
29
January
2021
ISBN: 9781513567716
The main objective of Regional Trade Agreements (RTAs) is to stimulate economic growth in participating countries through increased trade, economies of scale, knowledge and technology transfer. Using a panel data o...
Volume/Issue: 2021/021
Series: IMF Working Papers
Author(s):
Philip Barrett
, and
Sophia Chen
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
29
January
2021
ISBN: 9781513567723
Epidemics may have social scarring effects, increasing the likelihood of social unrest. They may also have mitigating effect, suppressing unrest by dissuading social activities. Using a new monthly panel on social...