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Cover Per Jacobsson Lecture
International Monetary Fund. External Relations Dept.

Abstract

Dr. Yaga Venugopal Reddy was Governor, Reserve Bank of India, from 2003 to 2008. Subsequently, he was a member of the UN Commission of Experts to the President of the UN General Assembly on Reforms of the International Monetary and Financial System. Dr. Reddy was also a member of an informal international group of prominent persons on international monetary reforms (Palais Royal Initiative). He is Professor Emeritus at the University of Hyderabad and Distinguished Professor at the Indian Institute for Technology (IIT) Madras, as well as an honorary fellow of the London School of Economics and Political Science, and is on the Advisory Board of the Institute for New Economic Thinking (INET).

Keywords:
PJ; bottom; reserve bank of India; W. Randolph burgess; Founding honorary chairman; chairman of the board; R.v. Fieandt; Financial sector; International monetary system; Public sector; Public expenditure review; Global; South Asia; deputy governor of the reserve bank; UN General Assembly; Global financial crisis of 2008-2009; Crisis management
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Cayman Islands: Assessment of the Supervision and Regulation of the Financial Sector—Volume I—Review of Financial Sector Regulation and Supervision
International Monetary Fund
This paper highlights key findings of the assessment of financial sector regulation and supervision in the Cayman Islands. The assessment reveals that in the last two years, an extensive program of legislative, rule, and guideline development in the Cayman Islands has introduced an increasingly effective system of regulation, both formalizing earlier practices and introducing enhanced procedures. The implementation of financial regulation and supervision complies broadly with standards in all the areas assessed. However, issues related to resources and potential breaches of operational autonomy affect the regulator and, hence, supervision in all sectors.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; CIMA note; banking sector; risk assessment; business plan; CIMA license; guidance note; mutual fund; financial system; CIMA director; regulatory authority; Anti-money laundering and combating the financing of terrorism (AML/CFT); Mutual funds; Stock markets; Insurance; Caribbean; Central America; South America; Middle East
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Australia: Financial System Stability Assessment
International Monetary Fund. Asia and Pacific Dept and International Monetary Fund. Monetary and Capital Markets Department
In recent years, the IMF has released a growing number of reports and other documents covering economic and financial developments and trends in member countries. Each report, prepared by a staff team after discussions with government officials, is published at the option of the member country.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; foreign currency; liquidity risk management; exchange rate; bank capital; investment strategy; overseas assets; funding liability; bank funding structure; overseas asset performance; consumer confidence; capital position; industry risk; bank board; bank result; migration matrices; Financial sector stability; Stress testing; Commercial banks; Global financial crisis of 2008-2009; Global
Cover IMF Survey
IMF Survey, Volume 33, Issue 02
International Monetary Fund. External Relations Dept.
The Web edition of the IMF Survey is updated several times a week, and contains a wealth of articles about topical policy and economic issues in the news. Access the latest IMF research, read interviews, and listen to podcasts given by top IMF economists on important issues in the global economy. www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/survey/so/home.aspx
Keywords:
SV; IMF mission; growth facility; IMF managing director Köhler; fund Facility; PRGF arrangement; IMF survey; Financial sector stability; Oil; SDR interest rate; Asia and Pacific; Global; Europe; East Asia; Eastern Europe; South Asia
Cover IMF Survey
Entrevista a Lorenzo Pérez, jefe de la misión a Iraq: El FMI podrá conceder préstamos a Iraq en el segundo semestre de 2004
International Monetary Fund. External Relations Dept.
La edición en Internet del Boletín del FMI, que se actualiza varias veces a la semana, contiene numerosos artículos sobre temas de actualidad en el ámbito de las políticas y la economía. Consulte las últimas investigaciones del FMI, lea entrevistas y escuche podcasts de los principales economistas del FMI sobre importantes temas relacionados con la economía mundial. www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/survey/so/home.aspx
Keywords:
SV; IMF mission
Cover IMF Survey
Entretien avec Lorenzo Perez, chef de l’équipe du FMI en Iraq: Iraq : vers un prêt du FMI au second semestre 2004
International Monetary Fund. External Relations Dept.
L’édition web du Bulletin du FMI est mise à jour plusieurs fois par semaine et contient de nombreux articles sur des questions de politique générale et de politique économique d'actualité. Accédez aux dernières recherches du FMI, lisez des interviews et écoutez des podcasts proposés par les principaux économistes du FMI sur des questions importantes de l'économie mondiale. www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/survey/so/home.aspx
Keywords:
SV; IMF mission
Cover IMF Working Papers
The Accountability of Financial Sector Supervisors: Principles and Practice
Mr. Michael W Taylor, Mr. Marc G Quintyn, and Ms. Eva H. G. Hüpkes
Policymakers' uneasiness about granting independence to financial sector regulators stems to a large extent from the lack of familiarity with, and elusiveness of, the concept of accountability. This paper gives operational content to accountability and argues that it is possible to do so in a way that encourages and supports agency independence. The paper first elaborates on the role and purposes of accountability. Second, it shows that the unique features of financial sector supervision point to a more complex system of accountability arrangements than, for instance, the conduct of monetary policy. Finally, the paper discusses specific arrangements that can best secure the objectives of accountability and, thus, independence. Our findings have a wider application than financial sector supervision.
Keywords:
WP; agency independence; enforcement power; judicial review; chief executive; minister of finance; regulatory agency; RSAS concrete
Cover IMF Working Papers
Regulatory Cycles: Revisiting the Political Economy of Financial Crises
Jihad Dagher
Financial crises are traditionally analyzed as purely economic phenomena. The political economy of financial booms and busts remains both under-emphasized and limited to isolated episodes. This paper examines the political economy of financial policy during ten of the most infamous financial booms and busts since the 18th century, and presents consistent evidence of pro-cyclical regulatory policies by governments. Financial booms, and risk-taking during these episodes, were often amplified by political regulatory stimuli, credit subsidies, and an increasing light-touch approach to financial supervision. The regulatory backlash that ensues from financial crises can only be understood in the context of the deep political ramifications of these crises. Post-crisis regulations do not always survive the following boom. The interplay between politics and financial policy over these cycles deserves further attention. History suggests that politics can be the undoing of macro-prudential regulations.
Keywords:
WP; central bank; financial market; political economy; banking sector; Financial Regulation; Financial Crises; Boom-Bust Cycles; Glass-Steagall Act; financial bubble; ruling party; share price; joint stock; crony capitalism; plain vanilla; stock index; bubble company; joint-stock bank; incumbent governments policy; government sponsorship; Housing; Global financial crisis of 2008-2009; Banking crises; Global; South America
Cover IMF Working Papers
Towards Effective Macroprudential Policy Frameworks: An Assessment of Stylized Institutional Models
Erlend Nier, Mr. Luis Ignacio Jácome, Jacek Osinski, and Pamela Madrid
A number of countries are reviewing their institutional arrangements for financial stability to support the development of a macroprudential policy function. In some cases, this involves a rethink of the appropriate institutional boundaries between central banks and financial regulatory agencies, or the setting up of dedicated policymaking committees. In others, efforts are underway to enhance cooperation within the existing institutional structure. Against this background, this paper provides basic guidance for the design of effective arrangements, in a manner that can provide a framework for country-specific advice. After reviewing briefly the main institutional elements of existing and emerging macroprudential policy frameworks across countries, the paper identifies stylized institutional models based on key features that distinguish institutional arrangements. It develops criteria to assess the effectiveness of models, examines the strengths and weaknesses of models against these criteria, and explores ways to improve existing setups. The paper finally distills lessons and sets out desired principles for effective macroprudential policy arrangements.
Keywords:
WP; central bank; authority; country; prudential policy; government representation; risk assessment; macroprudential policy; institutions; governance; supervisory function; central banks cuts rates; Policy effectiveness; policy field; policy outcome; credit policies task; current account; regulatory authority; central bank incentive; policy mandate; Systemic risk; Financial sector stability; Institutional arrangements for revenue administration; Europe
Cover Per Jacobsson Lecture
Opening Remarks
International Monetary Fund. External Relations Dept.

Abstract

JAIME CARUANA: Welcome all of you to the BIS on the occasion of the Per Jacobsson Lecture. And it is a particular pleasure to welcome Dr. Reddy back to Basel, where he has so many friends. As you know, Dr. Reddy has a long record dedicated to public service. As a senior official in the Ministry of Finance he took a leading part in the liberalization of the Indian economy that began in the early 1990s. And in later years as Governor of the Reserve Bank, he did much to ensure that the Indian banks avoided these precrisis excesses. And therefore, he knows very well from personal experience how difficult it is to constrain this process, and he showed really great fortitude during this difficult period and under heavy pressure. So after the excellent Per Jacobsson Lecture last year with Andrew Crockett, I think this year we have also an excellent panelist, an excellent presenter.

Keywords:
PJ; bottom; reserve bank of India; W. Randolph burgess; Founding honorary chairman; chairman of the board; R.v. Fieandt; Financial sector; International monetary system; Public sector; Public expenditure review; Global; South Asia; secretary of the Per Jacobsson Foundation; senior official in the Ministry of Finance; central banker; Q&A will