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Cover Finance & Development
Hidden Giants: It’s time for more transparency in the management and governance of national oil companies
David Manley, David Mihalyi, and Patrick R. P. Heller

PHOTO: GETTY_BLOOMBERG /SUSANA GONZALEZ

Keywords:
FD; F&D; optimization problem; cost; industrialized warfare; State supplement NOC; NOC reform; NOC borrowing; NOC governance; NOCS spending; Non-renewable resources; Public enterprises; Renewable energy; Oil; Natural resources; Global