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This paper provides estimates of output multipliers for spending in clean energy and biodiversity conservation, as well as for spending on non-ecofriendly energy and land use activities. Using a new international dataset, we find that every dollar spent on key carbon-neutral or carbon-sink activities can generate more than a dollar’s worth of economic activity. Although not all green and non-ecofriendly expenditures in the dataset are strictly comparable due to data limitations, estimated multipliers associated with spending on renewable and fossil fuel energy investment are comparable, and the former (1.1-1.5) are larger than the latter (0.5-0.6) with over 90 percent probability. These findings survive several robustness checks and lend support to bottom-up analyses arguing that stabilizing climate and reversing biodiversity loss are not at odds with continuing economic advances.
Abstract
Los datos comparables y fiables que respaldan marcos analÃticos y de polÃtica coherentes son imprescindibles para fundamentar los debates y orientar las polÃticas relativas a las interrelaciones entre la economÃa y el medio ambiente. El Sistema de Contabilidad Ambiental y Económica 2012: Marco central (Marco central SCAE) es un marco estadÃstico compuesto por conjunto integral de cuadros y cuentas, que guÃa la compilación de estadÃsticas e indicadores coherentes y comparables para la formulación de polÃticas y las tareas de análisis e investigación. Ha sido elaborado y publicado con el auspicio de las Naciones Unidas, la Comisión Europea, la Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Alimentación y la Agricultura, la Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económicos, el Fondo Monetario Internacional y el Grupo Banco Mundial. El Marco central SCAE refleja las necesidades cambiantes de los usuarios, nuevos acontecimientos en el ámbito de la contabilidad de la economÃa ambiental y avances en la metodologÃa de investigación.
Abstract
Comparable and reliable data supporting coherent analytical and policy frameworks are essential elements to inform debates and guide policy related to the interrelationships between the economy and the environment. "The System of Environmental-Economic Accounting 2012—Central Framework" (SEEA Central Framework) is a statistical framework consisting of a comprehensive set of tables and accounts, which guides the compilation of consistent and comparable statistics and indicators for policymaking, analysis and research. It has been produced and is released under the auspices of the United Nations, the European Commission, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, the International Monetary Fund, and the World Bank Group. The SEEA-Central Framework reflects the evolving needs of its users, new developments in environmental economic accounting and advances in methodological research.
Abstract
Des données comparables et fiables sous-tendant des cadres cohérents d'analyse et de politique publique constituent des éléments essentiels pour guider les débats et orienter les politiques liées aux interactions entre l'économie et l'environnement. Le cadre central du système de comptabilité économique et environnementale 2012 (SCEE) est un cadre statistique consistant en un ensemble complet de tableaux et de comptes qui guident l'établissement de statistiques et d'indicateurs cohérents et comparables aux fins d'élaboration de politiques, d'analyses et de recherches. Il est produit et publié conjointement par les Nations unies, la Commission européenne, l’Organisation des Nations Unies pour l’alimentation et l’agriculture, l'Organisation de coopération et de développement économiques, le FMI et le groupe de la Banque mondiale. Le cadre central du SCEE reflète l'évolution des besoins de ses utilisateurs, des pratiques en matière de comptabilité économique et environnementale et de la recherche méthodologique.
Abstract
Comparable and reliable data supporting coherent analytical and policy frameworks are essential elements to inform debates and guide policy related to the interrelationships between the economy and the environment. "The System of Environmental-Economic Accounting 2012—Central Framework" (SEEA Central Framework) is a statistical framework consisting of a comprehensive set of tables and accounts, which guides the compilation of consistent and comparable statistics and indicators for policymaking, analysis and research. It has been produced and is released under the auspices of the United Nations, the European Commission, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, the International Monetary Fund, and the World Bank Group. The SEEA-Central Framework reflects the evolving needs of its users, new developments in environmental economic accounting and advances in methodological research.
The Sixth Five Year Plan, as outlined in Bangladesh's Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper, targets strategic growth and employment. The medium-term macroeconomic framework plan entails the involvement of both the private and public sectors. Human resources development strategy programs reaching out to the poor and the vulnerable population, as well as environment, climate change, and disaster risk management, have been included in the plan. Managing regional disparities for shared growth and strategy for raising farm productivity and agricultural growth have been outlined. Diversifying exports and developing a dynamic manufacturing sector are all inclusive in the proposed plan.
Commodity Boom: How Long Will It Last?" asks how economies will fare after the record-high prices of key raw materials posted in recent months, which build on dramatic increases from their lows of 2000. The lead article warns that the impact on headline inflation levels might persist throughout 2008, even without further commodity price hikes. It urges policymakers to ensure efficient functioning of market forces at the global level, and to move swiftly to protect the poorest. Another article addresses the effects of climate change on agriculture, warning that farm production will fall dramatically-especially in developing countries-if steps are not taken to curb carbon emissions. Other articles on this theme argue that policies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions need not hobble economies, and that financial markets can help address climate change. "People in Economics" profiles John Taylor; "Picture This" says the global energy system is on an increasingly unsustainable path; "Country Focus" spotlights South Africa; and "Straight Talk" examines early warnings provided by credit derivatives. Also in this issue, articles examine China's increasing economic engagement with Africa, and the outsourcing of service jobs to other countries.