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You are looking at 1 - 10 of 33 items for :

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Cover IMF Working Papers
Trade and Inclusive Growth
Ms. Valerie Cerra
This paper surveys the literature on the relationship between international trade and inclusive growth. It examines claims that the rise in inequality in many countries can be attributed to the concurrent rise in trade competition, especially from EMEs like China, spurring trade tensions and protectionist measures. The paper investigates the conflicting literature showing the aggregate benefits of trade versus the adverse and persistent impact of trade, especially import competition, on specific industries and local communities. The paper then reviews the evidence for using trade policies and other complementary policies for adjustment and compensation to those groups adversely affected by trade.
Keywords:
trade; inclusive growth; inequality; globalization; growth; poverty; gender; labor; productivity difference; export-led growth; wage inequality; trade facilitation; trade cost; firm productivity difference; liberalization episode; superstar firm; adjustment policy; trade theory; size firm; trade openness; Exports; Imports; Wages; Tariffs; Trade policy; Global
Cover IMF Working Papers
Emissions and Growth: Trends and Cycles in a Globalized World
Gail Cohen, João Tovar Jalles, Mr. Prakash Loungani, and Ricardo Marto
Recent discussions of the extent of decoupling between greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and real gross domestic product (GDP) provide mixed evidence and have generated much debate. We show that to get a clear picture of decoupling it is important to distinguish cycles from trends: there is an Environmental Okun's Law (a cyclical relationship between emissions and real GDP) that often obscures the trend relationship between emissions and real GDP. We show that, once the cyclical relationship is accounted for, the trends show evidence of decoupling in richer nations—particularly in European countries, but not yet in emerging markets. The picture changes somewhat, however, if we take into consideration the effects of international trade, that is, if we distinguish between production-based and consumption-based emissions. Once we add in their net emission transfers, the evidence for decoupling among the richer countries gets weaker. The good news is that countries with underlying policy frameworks more supportive of renewable energy and supportive of climate change tend to have greater decoupling between trend emissions and trend GDP, and for both production- and consumption-based emissions.
Keywords:
WP; real GDP; time series; business cycle; Emissions; Environmental Okun’s Law; Environmental Kuznets Curve; Kuznets elasticity; Kuznets coefficient; Okun elasticity; emissions-output elasticity; Okun coefficient; Greenhouse gas emissions; Income; Imports; Exports; Business cycles; Africa; Global; Eastern Europe; East Asia
Cover IMF Working Papers
The Role of Newly Industrialized Economies in Global Value Chains
Dominik Boddin
In light of increased vertical specialization and the dominance of trade in intermediates rather than final goods, this paper seeks to raise awareness of the limitations of traditional trade measures on a gross output basis. To do so, this paper uses the WIOD, a world input output table, as an alternative trade measure to analyze the role of six newly industrialized economies in global value chains. The differences between measures on a gross output basis and value added basis are striking. Export shares measured by both methods differed by more than 20 percent for some industries. These findings highlight the need for more sophisticated world input output data to form a better understanding of global trade dynamics and country interdependencies.
Keywords:
WP; value added; Global Value Chains; Vertical Specialization; Newly Industrialized Economies; export industry structure; export share; export vector; trade connection; export value; consumption share; Exports; Consumption; Imports; Global
Cover Recurring Issues from a Decade of Evaluation
Recurring Issues from a Decade of Evaluation
Lessons for the IMF
International Monetary Fund. Independent Evaluation Office

Abstract

This report seeks to help the IMF enhance its effectiveness by identifying major recurring issues from the IEO’s first 20 evaluations and assessing where they stand. The IMF’s core areas of responsibility are surveillance, lending, and capacity development. The aim of this report is to strengthen the follow-up process by focusing on key issues that recurred in IEO evaluations, rather than on specific recommendations on their implementation. The IEO believes that a framework of reviewing and monitoring recurring issues would be useful in establishing incentives for progress, strengthening the Board’s oversight, and providing learning opportunities for the IMF.

Keywords:
IEOR; IEO; evaluation; IEO recommendation; IEO evaluation; IEO report; IMF staff judge; evaluation team; Financial sector; Financial Sector Assessment Program; Trade policy; Emerging and frontier financial markets; Global; Internal audit; Corporate governance; Crisis management