Volume/Issue: 2020/256
Series: IMF Working Papers
Author(s):
Frederic Lambert
,
Andrea Pescatori
, and
Frederik Toscani
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
20
November
2020
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781513561288.001
ISBN: 9781513561288
Labor market informality is a pervasive feature of most developing economies. Motivated by the empirical regularity that the labor informality rate falls with GDP per capita, both at business cycle frequency and in...
Volume/Issue: 2020/254
Series: IMF Working Papers
Author(s):
Wouter Bossu
,
Masaru Itatani
,
Catalina Margulis
,
Arthur D. P. Rossi
,
Hans Weenink
, and
Akihiro Yoshinaga
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
20
November
2020
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781513561622.001
ISBN: 9781513561622
This paper analyzes the legal foundations of central bank digital currency (CBDC) under central bank and monetary law. Absent strong legal foundations, the issuance of CBDC poses legal, financial and reputational r...
Volume/Issue: 2020/258
Series: IMF Working Papers
Author(s):
Wouter Bossu
,
Cory Hillier
, and
Wolfgang Bergthaler
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
20
November
2020
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781513561608.001
ISBN: 9781513561608
Recent financial crises including the ongoing one caused by the COVID-19 pandemic have consistently drawn attention to the need to strengthen the quality of public debt management in emerging markets and developing...
Volume/Issue: 2020/257
Series: IMF Working Papers
Author(s):
Daniel Garcia Macia
, and
Rishi Goyal
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
20
November
2020
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781513561677.001
ISBN: 9781513561677
The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the shift toward digital services. Meanwhile, the race for technological and economic leadership has heated up, with risks of decoupling that could set back trade and growth an...
Volume/Issue: 2020/259
Series: IMF Working Papers
Author(s):
Jelle Barkema
,
Tryggvi Gudmundsson
, and
Mico Mrkaic
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
20
November
2020
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781513561257.001
ISBN: 9781513561257
Estimates of output gaps continue to play a key role in assessments of the stance of business cycles. This paper uses three approaches to examine the historical record of output gap measurements and their use in su...
Volume/Issue: 2020/256
Series: IMF Working Papers
Author(s):
Frederic Lambert
,
Andrea Pescatori
, and
Frederik Toscani
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
20
November
2020
ISBN: 9781513561288
Labor market informality is a pervasive feature of most developing economies. Motivated by the empirical regularity that the labor informality rate falls with GDP per capita, both at business cycle frequency and in...
Volume/Issue: 2020/254
Series: IMF Working Papers
Author(s):
Wouter Bossu
,
Masaru Itatani
,
Catalina Margulis
,
Arthur D. P. Rossi
,
Hans Weenink
, and
Akihiro Yoshinaga
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
20
November
2020
ISBN: 9781513561622
This paper analyzes the legal foundations of central bank digital currency (CBDC) under central bank and monetary law. Absent strong legal foundations, the issuance of CBDC poses legal, financial and reputational r...
Volume/Issue: 2020/258
Series: IMF Working Papers
Author(s):
Wouter Bossu
,
Cory Hillier
, and
Wolfgang Bergthaler
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
20
November
2020
ISBN: 9781513561608
Recent financial crises including the ongoing one caused by the COVID-19 pandemic have consistently drawn attention to the need to strengthen the quality of public debt management in emerging markets and developing...
Volume/Issue: 2020/306
Series: IMF Staff Country Reports
Author(s):
International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept.
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
20
November
2020
ISBN: 9781513561714
The Covid-19 shock this year has imposed an enormous strain on Mexico. Beside the staggering human cost, the economy faces a historic drop in output and employment and a sharp spike in poverty. It is expected to ta...
Volume/Issue: 2020/307
Series: IMF Staff Country Reports
Author(s):
International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept.
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
20
November
2020
ISBN: 9781513561745
Nicaragua faces an acute crisis as the COVID-19 shock comes on top of a two- year recession. So far, the speed of transmission of the pandemic in Nicaragua, in terms of officially confirmed cases, has been slower t...
Volume/Issue: 2020/261
Series: IMF Working Papers
Author(s):
Santiago Acosta Ormaechea
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
20
November
2020
ISBN: 9781513561585
The public sector, in carrying out its operations, often incurs foreign currency denominated liabilities and, as such, is exposed to exchange rate fluctuations that could affect the value of public debt to GDP rati...
Volume/Issue: 2020/307
Series: IMF Staff Country Reports
Author(s):
International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept.
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
20
November
2020
ISBN: 9781513561745
Nicaragua faces an acute crisis as the COVID-19 shock comes on top of a two- year recession. So far, the speed of transmission of the pandemic in Nicaragua, in terms of officially confirmed cases, has been slower t...
Volume/Issue: 2020/257
Series: IMF Working Papers
Author(s):
Daniel Garcia Macia
, and
Rishi Goyal
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
20
November
2020
ISBN: 9781513561677
The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the shift toward digital services. Meanwhile, the race for technological and economic leadership has heated up, with risks of decoupling that could set back trade and growth an...
Volume/Issue: 2020/259
Series: IMF Working Papers
Author(s):
Jelle Barkema
,
Tryggvi Gudmundsson
, and
Mico Mrkaic
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
20
November
2020
ISBN: 9781513561257
Estimates of output gaps continue to play a key role in assessments of the stance of business cycles. This paper uses three approaches to examine the historical record of output gap measurements and their use in su...
Series: Manuals & Guides
Author(s):
Brian Graf
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
19
November
2020
ISBN: 9781484354841
Introduction
8.1 The purpose of this chapter is to provide a general description of the ways in which consumer price indices (CPIs) are calculated in practice. The me...
Volume/Issue: 2020/305
Series: IMF Staff Country Reports
Author(s):
International Monetary Fund. Fiscal Affairs Dept.
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
19
November
2020
ISBN: 9781513561684
In response to a request from Mr. Ignacio Briones Rojas, Minister of Finance of Chile, a remote mission was conducted by a joint team of staff from the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the secretariat of the O...
Series: Manuals & Guides
Author(s):
Brian Graf
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
19
November
2020
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781484354841.069
ISBN: 9781484354841
The Consumer Price Index Manual: Concepts and Methods contains comprehensive information and explanations on compiling a consumer price index (CPI). The Manual provides an overview of the methods and practices nati...
Series: Manuals & Guides
Author(s):
Brian Graf
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
19
November
2020
ISBN: 9781484354841
The Consumer Price Index Manual: Concepts and Methods contains comprehensive information and explanations on compiling a consumer price index (CPI). The Manual provides an overview of the methods and practices nati...
Series: Manuals & Guides
Author(s):
Brian Graf
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
19
November
2020
ISBN: 9781484354841
The Consumer Price Index Manual: Concepts and Methods contains comprehensive information and explanations on compiling a consumer price index (CPI). The Manual provides an overview of the methods and practices nati...
Series: Manuals & Guides
Author(s):
Brian Graf
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
19
November
2020
ISBN: 9781484354841
Introduction
13.1 Consumer price indices (CPI) are one of the most important statistical indicators produced on a regular basis by national statistical offices (NSOs)...
Series: Manuals & Guides
Author(s):
Brian Graf
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
19
November
2020
ISBN: 9781484354841
Introduction
12.1 The consumer price index (CPI), like all other statistics, may be subject to general error that may occur during any stage of the estimation process...
Series: Manuals & Guides
Author(s):
Brian Graf
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
19
November
2020
ISBN: 9781484354841
Introduction
3.1 A consumer price index (CPI) is usually calculated as a weighted average of the relative price changes of the goods and services covered by the index...
Series: Manuals & Guides
Author(s):
Brian Graf
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
19
November
2020
ISBN: 9781484354841
Acquisitions approach
An approach to consumer price indices (CPIs) in which consumption is...
Volume/Issue: 2020/305
Series: IMF Staff Country Reports
Author(s):
International Monetary Fund. Fiscal Affairs Dept.
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
19
November
2020
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781513561684.002
ISBN: 9781513561684
In response to a request from Mr. Ignacio Briones Rojas, Minister of Finance of Chile, a remote mission was conducted by a joint team of staff from the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the secretariat of the O...
Series: Manuals & Guides
Author(s):
Brian Graf
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
19
November
2020
ISBN: 9781484354841
Introduction
1.1
Chapter 1 provides a self-contained overview of the uses and the basic steps for compiling the consumer price index (CPI). More than j...
Series: Manuals & Guides
Author(s):
Brian Graf
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
19
November
2020
ISBN: 9781484354841
Introduction
7.1 When a new good or service is produced and consumed, there is a need for it to be included in the index as soon as possible, especially if the good o...
Series: Manuals & Guides
Author(s):
Brian Graf
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
19
November
2020
ISBN: 9781484354841
Introduction
5.1 Several factors will determine the choice of which price collection methods a national statistical office (NSO) uses, taking into consideration effic...
Series: Manuals & Guides
Author(s):
Brian Graf
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
19
November
2020
ISBN: 9781484354841
Introduction
14.1 The consumer price index (CPI) represents a key indicator of economic performance in most countries, as described in Chapter 2. Where statistics are...
Series: Manuals & Guides
Author(s):
Brian Graf
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
19
November
2020
ISBN: 9781484354841
Introduction
4.1 To construct a perfectly accurate consumer price index (CPI), the price statistician would need to record the price of every variety of all the goods...
Series: Manuals & Guides
Author(s):
Brian Graf
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
19
November
2020
ISBN: 9781484354841
Introduction
10.1 The environment in which statistical agencies operate is changing. New opportunities to access and interrogate big data are becoming available, incr...
Series: Manuals & Guides
Author(s):
Brian Graf
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
19
November
2020
ISBN: 9781484354841
Introduction
11.1 Certain products have proven to be challenging for consumer price index (CPI) compilers with regard to developing weights and collecting prices. Cha...
Series: Manuals & Guides
Author(s):
Brian Graf
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
19
November
2020
ISBN: 9781484354841
Introduction
6.1
Chapter 6 focuses on the treatment of temporarily and permanently missing varieties and their prices. While Chapter 5 focuses on the c...
Series: Manuals & Guides
Author(s):
Brian Graf
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
19
November
2020
ISBN: 9781484354841
Introduction
9.1 Consumer price index (CPI) weights should be updated on a periodic basis (see Chapter 3). The preferred interval is at least once every five years. T...
Series: Manuals & Guides
Author(s):
Brian Graf
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
19
November
2020
ISBN: 9781484354841
Introduction
2.1
Chapter 2 begins with an overview describing the uses of the consumer price index (CPI). The primary uses drive the decisions regardin...
Volume/Issue: 2020/303
Series: IMF Staff Country Reports
Author(s):
International Monetary Fund. Statistics Dept.
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
18
November
2020
ISBN: 9781513561493
A technical assistance (TA) mission was conducted by IMF's Regional Technical Assistance Center for Southern Africa (AFS)1 during June 8-12, 2020 to assist Statistics Botswana (SB) in improving the quality of the n...
Volume/Issue: 2020/304
Series: IMF Staff Country Reports
Author(s):
International Monetary Fund. African Dept.
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
18
November
2020
ISBN: 9781513561530
The security crisis is worsening and is leading to disruption of basic public
services and an unprecedented humanitarian crisis. The Covid19 outbreak and the
authority's response to contain its spread further compo...
Volume/Issue: 2020/304
Series: IMF Staff Country Reports
Author(s):
International Monetary Fund. African Dept.
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
18
November
2020
ISBN: 9781513561530
The security crisis is worsening and is leading to disruption of basic public
services and an unprecedented humanitarian crisis. The Covid19 outbreak and the
authority's response to contain its spread further compo...
Volume/Issue: 2020/304
Series: IMF Staff Country Reports
Author(s):
International Monetary Fund. African Dept.
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
18
November
2020
ISBN: 9781513561530
The security crisis is worsening and is leading to disruption of basic public
services and an unprecedented humanitarian crisis. The Covid19 outbreak and the
authority's response to contain its spread further compo...
Volume/Issue: 2020/303
Series: IMF Staff Country Reports
Author(s):
International Monetary Fund. Statistics Dept.
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
18
November
2020
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781513561493.002
ISBN: 9781513561493
A technical assistance (TA) mission was conducted by IMF's Regional Technical Assistance Center for Southern Africa (AFS)1 during June 8-12, 2020 to assist Statistics Botswana (SB) in improving the quality of the n...
Volume/Issue: 2020/304
Series: IMF Staff Country Reports
Author(s):
International Monetary Fund. African Dept.
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
18
November
2020
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781513561530.002
ISBN: 9781513561530
The security crisis is worsening and is leading to disruption of basic public
services and an unprecedented humanitarian crisis. The Covid19 outbreak and the
authority's response to contain its spread further compo...
Volume/Issue: 2020/304
Series: IMF Staff Country Reports
Author(s):
International Monetary Fund. African Dept.
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
18
November
2020
ISBN: 9781513561530
The security crisis is worsening and is leading to disruption of basic public
services and an unprecedented humanitarian crisis. The Covid19 outbreak and the
authority's response to contain its spread further compo...
Volume/Issue: 2020/002
Series: Departmental Papers
Author(s):
Alina Iancu
,
Gareth Anderson
,
Sakai Ando
,
Ethan Boswell
,
Andrea Gamba
,
Shushanik Hakobyan
,
Lusine Lusinyan
,
Neil Meads
, and
Yiqun Wu
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
17
November
2020
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781513560298.087
ISBN: 9781513560298
Despite major structural shifts in the international monetary system over the past six decades, the US dollar remains the dominant international reserve currency. Using a newly compiled database of individual econo...
Volume/Issue: 2020/002
Series: Departmental Papers
Author(s):
Alina Iancu
,
Gareth Anderson
,
Sakai Ando
,
Ethan Boswell
,
Andrea Gamba
,
Shushanik Hakobyan
,
Lusine Lusinyan
,
Neil Meads
, and
Yiqun Wu
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
17
November
2020
ISBN: 9781513560298
Despite major structural shifts in the international monetary system over the past six decades, the US dollar remains the dominant international reserve currency. Using a newly compiled database of individual econo...
Series: Annual Report of the Executive Board
Author(s):
International Monetary Fund. Secretary's Department
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
16
November
2020
ISBN: 9781513538211
The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is a global organization of 189 member countries
*
set up to promote the health of the world...
Series: Annual Report of the Executive Board
Author(s):
International Monetary Fund. Secretary's Department
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
16
November
2020
ISBN: 9781513538211
Strengthening the capacity of institutions, including central banks, finance ministries, revenue administrations, statistical agencies, and financial sector supervisory agencies, results in more...
Series: Annual Report of the Executive Board
Author(s):
International Monetary Fund. Secretary's Department
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
16
November
2020
ISBN: 9781513538211
Climate change is a linchpin of the Sustainable Development Goals.
THE IMF IS HELPING COUNTRIES IMPL...
Series: Annual Report of the Executive Board
Author(s):
International Monetary Fund. Secretary's Department
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
16
November
2020
ISBN: 9781513538211
THE IMF IS COMMITTED TO IMPROVING THE 2 WORLD WE LIVE IN AND BEING MINDFUL OF THE IMPACT OF OUR OPERATIONS.
Environmental sustainability and philanthr...
Series: Annual Report of the Executive Board
Author(s):
International Monetary Fund. Secretary's Department
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
16
November
2020
ISBN: 9781513538211
Swift action helped fight the pandemic and limit the damage to people’s lives and the global economy
It has been a crisis like no other. To tackle the health emer...
Series: Annual Report of the Executive Board
Author(s):
International Monetary Fund. Secretary's Department
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
16
November
2020
ISBN: 9781513538211
Low interest rates and high debt will shape the years ahead
SUPPORTING THE RECOVERY WITH FISCAL MEAS...
Series: Annual Report of the Executive Board
Author(s):
International Monetary Fund. Secretary's Department
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
16
November
2020
ISBN: 9781513538211
The Board discusses all aspects of the Fund’s work, from the IMF staff’s annual health checks of member countries’ economies to policy issues relevant to the global economy. The Board carries ou...
Series: Annual Report of the Executive Board
Author(s):
International Monetary Fund. Secretary's Department
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
16
November
2020
ISBN: 9781513538211
Government policies can help people adapt to big global changes
People all over the world are facing massive challenges and changes: the global pandemic, the effe...
Series: Annual Report of the Executive Board
Author(s):
International Monetary Fund. Secretary's Department
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
16
November
2020
ISBN: 9781513538211
The Executive Board is responsible for conducting the day-to-day business of the IMF. It is composed of 24 Directors, who are elected by member countries or by groups of countries, and the Manag...
Series: Annual Report of the Executive Board
Author(s):
International Monetary Fund. Secretary's Department
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
16
November
2020
ISBN: 9781513538211
Financial technology—fintech—opens opportunities, especially for financial inclusion, but policymakers must also address the risks
Countries have broadly embraced...
Series: Annual Report of the Executive Board
Author(s):
International Monetary Fund. Secretary's Department
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
16
November
2020
ISBN: 9781513547770
Report of Independent Auditors
To...
Series: Annual Report of the Executive Board
Author(s):
International Monetary Fund. Secretary's Department
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
16
November
2020
ISBN: 9781513547770
Report of Independent Auditors
To...
Series: Annual Report of the Executive Board
Author(s):
International Monetary Fund. Secretary's Department
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
16
November
2020
ISBN: 9781513547770
Report of Independent Auditors
To...
Series: Annual Report of the Executive Board
Author(s):
International Monetary Fund. Secretary's Department
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
16
November
2020
ISBN: 9781513547770
The audited consolidated financial statements of the International Monetary Fund as of April 30, 2020 and 2019...
Series: Annual Report of the Executive Board
Author(s):
International Monetary Fund. Secretary's Department
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
16
November
2020
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781513547770.011
ISBN: 9781513547770
The audited consolidated financial statements of the International Monetary Fund as of April 30, 2020 and 2019...
Volume/Issue: 2020/301
Series: IMF Staff Country Reports
Author(s):
International Monetary Fund. African Dept.
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
16
November
2020
ISBN: 9781513561356
After five years of civil conflict, the warring parties came to a peace agreement
in September 2018. Until the COVID-19 crisis broke out, improved political stability and
an uptick in international oil prices led t...
Volume/Issue: 2020/301
Series: IMF Staff Country Reports
Author(s):
International Monetary Fund. African Dept.
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
16
November
2020
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781513561356.002
ISBN: 9781513561356
After five years of civil conflict, the warring parties came to a peace agreement
in September 2018. Until the COVID-19 crisis broke out, improved political stability and
an uptick in international oil prices led t...
Series: Annual Report of the Executive Board
Author(s):
International Monetary Fund. Secretary's Department
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
16
November
2020
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781513538211.011
ISBN: 9781513538211
This year, as the world faced a crisis like no other, the International Monetary Fund and its member countries swung into action to save lives and put a floor under the world economy. But the outlook remains uncert...
Series: Annual Report of the Executive Board
Author(s):
International Monetary Fund. Secretary's Department
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
16
November
2020
ISBN: 9781513538211
This year, as the world faced a crisis like no other, the International Monetary Fund and its member countries swung into action to save lives and put a floor under the world economy. But the outlook remains uncert...
Series: Annual Report of the Executive Board
Author(s):
International Monetary Fund. Secretary's Department
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
16
November
2020
ISBN: 9781513547770
Report of Independent Auditors
To...
Series: Annual Report of the Executive Board
Author(s):
International Monetary Fund. Secretary's Department
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
16
November
2020
ISBN: 9781513538211
LENDING INFORMATION COVERS MAY 1, 2019–SEPTEMBER 15, 2020.
Unlike development banks, the IMF does not lend for specific projects. Instead, IMF financing is meant to help me...
Series: Annual Report of the Executive Board
Author(s):
International Monetary Fund. Secretary's Department
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
16
November
2020
ISBN: 9781513538211
The IMF has a Managing Director, who is head of the staff and Chair of the Executive Board. The Managing Director is assisted by a First Deputy Managing Director and three other Deputy Managing...
Series: Annual Report of the Executive Board
Author(s):
International Monetary Fund. Secretary's Department
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
16
November
2020
ISBN: 9781513538211
KEN OFORI-ATTA
GHANA MINISTER OF FINANCE
“The proactiveness and the speed with which the IMF has worked during the COVID...
Series: Annual Report of the Executive Board
Author(s):
International Monetary Fund. Secretary's Department
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
16
November
2020
ISBN: 9781513538211
...
Series: Annual Report of the Executive Board
Author(s):
International Monetary Fund. Secretary's Department
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
16
November
2020
ISBN: 9781513538211
THROUGH SURVEILLANCE, THE IMF MONITORS THE INTERNATIONAL MONETARY SYSTEM and global economic developments, and engages in a health check of the economic and financial policies of its 189 member...
Series: Annual Report of the Executive Board
Author(s):
International Monetary Fund. Secretary's Department
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
16
November
2020
ISBN: 9781513538211
IMF Organization Chart as of April 30, 2020
1
Known formally as the Joint Ministerial Committee of the Boards of Governors of...
Volume/Issue: 2020/301
Series: IMF Staff Country Reports
Author(s):
International Monetary Fund. African Dept.
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
16
November
2020
ISBN: 9781513561356
After five years of civil conflict, the warring parties came to a peace agreement
in September 2018. Until the COVID-19 crisis broke out, improved political stability and
an uptick in international oil prices led t...
Volume/Issue: 2020/301
Series: IMF Staff Country Reports
Author(s):
International Monetary Fund. African Dept.
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
16
November
2020
ISBN: 9781513561356
After five years of civil conflict, the warring parties came to a peace agreement
in September 2018. Until the COVID-19 crisis broke out, improved political stability and
an uptick in international oil prices led t...
Volume/Issue: 2020/301
Series: IMF Staff Country Reports
Author(s):
International Monetary Fund. African Dept.
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
16
November
2020
ISBN: 9781513561356
After five years of civil conflict, the warring parties came to a peace agreement
in September 2018. Until the COVID-19 crisis broke out, improved political stability and
an uptick in international oil prices led t...
Volume/Issue: 2020/301
Series: IMF Staff Country Reports
Author(s):
International Monetary Fund. African Dept.
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
16
November
2020
ISBN: 9781513561356
After five years of civil conflict, the warring parties came to a peace agreement
in September 2018. Until the COVID-19 crisis broke out, improved political stability and
an uptick in international oil prices led t...
Volume/Issue: 2020/249
Series: IMF Working Papers
Author(s):
Eugenio Cerutti
,
Catherine Koch
, and
Swapan-Kumar Pradhan
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
13
November
2020
ISBN: 9781513561226
We explore the global footprint of Chinese banks and compare it with that of other bank nationalities. Chinese banks have become the largest cross-border creditors for almost half of all emerging market and develop...
Volume/Issue: 2020/239
Series: IMF Working Papers
Author(s):
Nitya Aasaavari
,
Fabio Di Vittorio
,
Ana Lariau
,
Yuebo Li
,
Rui Mano
, and
Pedro Rodriguez
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
13
November
2020
ISBN: 9781513561141
Asia and Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC), two regions with large growth potential, have become increasingly connected over the last 20 years. China has emerged not only as a top trading partner, but also as a...
Volume/Issue: 2020/250
Series: IMF Working Papers
Author(s):
Patrick Blagrave
, and
Fabien Gonguet
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
13
November
2020
ISBN: 9781513559599
Current fiscal transparency and reporting practices in India place it behind most peer G20 economies, implying that policy makers are lacking critical data to ground their fiscal and other economic planning decisio...
Volume/Issue: 2020/241
Series: IMF Working Papers
Author(s):
Chikako Baba
,
Cristina Batog
,
Enrique Flores
,
Borja Gracia
,
Izabela Karpowicz
,
Piotr Kopyrski
,
James Roaf
,
Anna Shabunina
,
Rachel Elkan
, and
Xin Cindy Xu
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
13
November
2020
ISBN: 9781513561165
Europe's high pre-existing level of financial development can partly account for the relatively smaller reach of fintech payment and lending activities compared to some other regions. But fintech activity is growin...
Volume/Issue: 2020/242
Series: IMF Working Papers
Author(s):
Philipp Engler
,
Nathalie Pouokam
,
Diego Rodriguez Guzman
, and
Irina Yakadina
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
13
November
2020
ISBN: 9781513560182
Voluntary and government-mandated lockdowns in response to COVID-19 have caused causing drastic reductions in economic activity around the world. We present a parsimonious two-country-SIR model with some degree of...
Volume/Issue: 2020/300
Series: IMF Staff Country Reports
Author(s):
International Monetary Fund. Middle East and Central Asia Dept.
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
13
November
2020
ISBN: 9781513561127
The COVID-19 pandemic has inflicted a heavy economic and social toll,
amplifying the challenges of the armed conflict and fragility. Activity contracted sharply,
and new external and fiscal financing needs emerged...
Volume/Issue: 192020/298
Series: IMF Staff Country Reports
Author(s):
International Monetary Fund. European Dept.
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
13
November
2020
ISBN: 9781513561004
COVID-19 impact. The pandemic has hit Spain's society and economy severely following five years of strong job-rich growth. A large service sector dominated by SMEs, importance of tourism, and widespread use of temp...
Volume/Issue: 2020/300
Series: IMF Staff Country Reports
Author(s):
International Monetary Fund. Middle East and Central Asia Dept.
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
13
November
2020
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781513561127.002
ISBN: 9781513561127
The COVID-19 pandemic has inflicted a heavy economic and social toll,
amplifying the challenges of the armed conflict and fragility. Activity contracted sharply,
and new external and fiscal financing needs emerged...
Volume/Issue: 192020/298
Series: IMF Staff Country Reports
Author(s):
International Monetary Fund. European Dept.
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
13
November
2020
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781513561004.002
ISBN: 9781513561004
COVID-19 impact. The pandemic has hit Spain's society and economy severely following five years of strong job-rich growth. A large service sector dominated by SMEs, importance of tourism, and widespread use of temp...
Volume/Issue: 192020/299
Series: IMF Staff Country Reports
Author(s):
International Monetary Fund. European Dept.
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
13
November
2020
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781513560984.002
ISBN: 9781513560984
The COVID-19 pandemic will exacerbate Spain's already large inclusion gap. Responding in the
recovery with policies that support social objectives should be a key priority and calls for several
structural changes....
Volume/Issue: 2020/249
Series: IMF Working Papers
Author(s):
Eugenio Cerutti
,
Catherine Koch
, and
Swapan-Kumar Pradhan
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
13
November
2020
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781513561226.001
ISBN: 9781513561226
We explore the global footprint of Chinese banks and compare it with that of other bank nationalities. Chinese banks have become the largest cross-border creditors for almost half of all emerging market and develop...
Volume/Issue: 2020/239
Series: IMF Working Papers
Author(s):
Nitya Aasaavari
,
Fabio Di Vittorio
,
Ana Lariau
,
Yuebo Li
,
Rui Mano
, and
Pedro Rodriguez
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
13
November
2020
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781513561141.001
ISBN: 9781513561141
Asia and Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC), two regions with large growth potential, have become increasingly connected over the last 20 years. China has emerged not only as a top trading partner, but also as a...
Volume/Issue: 2020/250
Series: IMF Working Papers
Author(s):
Patrick Blagrave
, and
Fabien Gonguet
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
13
November
2020
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781513559599.001
ISBN: 9781513559599
Current fiscal transparency and reporting practices in India place it behind most peer G20 economies, implying that policy makers are lacking critical data to ground their fiscal and other economic planning decisio...
Volume/Issue: 2020/241
Series: IMF Working Papers
Author(s):
Chikako Baba
,
Cristina Batog
,
Enrique Flores
,
Borja Gracia
,
Izabela Karpowicz
,
Piotr Kopyrski
,
James Roaf
,
Anna Shabunina
,
Rachel Elkan
, and
Xin Cindy Xu
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
13
November
2020
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781513561165.001
ISBN: 9781513561165
Europe's high pre-existing level of financial development can partly account for the relatively smaller reach of fintech payment and lending activities compared to some other regions. But fintech activity is growin...
Volume/Issue: 2020/248
Series: IMF Working Papers
Author(s):
Carine Meyimdjui
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
13
November
2020
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781513561219.001
ISBN: 9781513561219
Using a panel of 101 low- and middle-income countries with data covering the period 1980-2012, this paper applies various econometric approaches that deal with endogeneity issues to assess the impact of food price...
Volume/Issue: 2020/247
Series: IMF Working Papers
Author(s):
Benjamin Carton
,
Nan Hu
,
Joannes Mongardini
,
Kei Moriya
, and
Aneta Radzikowski
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
13
November
2020
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781513561196.001
ISBN: 9781513561196
An essential element of the work of the Fund is to monitor and forecast international trade. This paper uses SWIFT messages on letters of credit, together with crude oil prices and new export orders of manufacturin...
Volume/Issue: 2020/251
Series: IMF Working Papers
Author(s):
Patrick Blagrave
, and
Weicheng Lian
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
13
November
2020
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781513561233.001
ISBN: 9781513561233
We study the inflation process in India, focusing on the periods before and after the adoption of flexible inflation-forecast targeting (FIT) in India. Our analysis uses several approaches including standard Philli...
Volume/Issue: 2020/240
Series: IMF Working Papers
Author(s):
Peter Williams
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
13
November
2020
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781513561158.001
ISBN: 9781513561158
Inflation has been below the Federal Reserve's target for much of the past 20 years, creating worries that inflation may be deanchoring from the FOMC's target. This paper uses a factor model that incorporates infor...
Volume/Issue: 2020/236
Series: IMF Working Papers
Author(s):
Tobias Adrian
,
Fernando Duarte
,
Nellie Liang
, and
Pawel Zabczyk
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
13
November
2020
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781513561066.001
ISBN: 9781513561066
We extend the New Keynesian (NK) model to include endogenous risk. Lower interest rates not only shift consumption intertemporally but also conditional output risk via their impact on risk-taking, giving rise to a...
Volume/Issue: 2020/252
Series: IMF Working Papers
Author(s):
Bertrand Gruss
,
Sandra Lizarazo
, and
Francesco Grigoli
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
13
November
2020
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781513559650.001
ISBN: 9781513559650
Anchoring of inflation expectations is of paramount importance for central banks' ability to deliver stable inflation and minimize price dispersion. Relying on daily interest rates and inflation forecasts from majo...
Volume/Issue: 2020/246
Series: IMF Working Papers
Author(s):
Alexandra Fotiou
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
13
November
2020
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781513560939.001
ISBN: 9781513560939
Empirical evidence shows that fiscal multipliers depend on the state of the cycle, the nature of fiscal policy and the level of debt. In other words, evidence points to non-linearities in the effects of fiscal poli...
Volume/Issue: 2020/244
Series: IMF Working Papers
Author(s):
Lien Laureys
,
Roland Meeks
, and
Boromeus Wanengkirtyo
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
13
November
2020
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781513561172.001
ISBN: 9781513561172
We reconsider the design of welfare-optimal monetary policy when financing frictions impair the supply of bank credit, and when the objectives set for monetary policy must be simple enough to be implementable and a...
Volume/Issue: 2020/243
Series: IMF Working Papers
Author(s):
Serhan Cevik
, and
Manuk Ghazanchyan
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
13
November
2020
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781513559575.001
ISBN: 9781513559575
While the world's attention is on dealing with the COVID-19 pandemic, climate change remains a greater existential threat to vulnerable countries that are highly dependent on a weather-sensitive sector like tourism...
Volume/Issue: 2020/237
Series: IMF Working Papers
Author(s):
Sam Ouliaris
, and
Celine Rochon
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
13
November
2020
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781513561097.001
ISBN: 9781513561097
This paper estimates the change in policy multipliers in the U.S. relative to their pre-2008 financial crisis levels using an augmented Blanchard-Perotti model to allow for the dynamic effects of shocks to the cent...
Volume/Issue: 2020/238
Series: IMF Working Papers
Author(s):
Carlos Caceres
,
Diego Cerdeiro
,
Dan Pan
, and
Suchanan Tambunlertchai
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
13
November
2020
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781513561134.001
ISBN: 9781513561134
This paper analyzes a group of 755 firms, with aggregate indebtedness of US$6.2 trillion, to assess the solvency risks and liquidity needs facing the U.S. corporate sector based on projections of net income, availa...
Volume/Issue: 2020/245
Series: IMF Working Papers
Author(s):
Emmanouil Kitsios
,
João Tovar Jalles
, and
Genevieve Verdier
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
13
November
2020
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781513561189.001
ISBN: 9781513561189
How can governments reduce the prevalence of cross-border tax fraud? This paper argues that the use of digital technologies offers an opportunity to reduce fraud and increase government revenue. Using data on intra...
Volume/Issue: 2020/242
Series: IMF Working Papers
Author(s):
Philipp Engler
,
Nathalie Pouokam
,
Diego Rodriguez Guzman
, and
Irina Yakadina
Publisher: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Publication Date:
13
November
2020
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781513560182.001
ISBN: 9781513560182
Voluntary and government-mandated lockdowns in response to COVID-19 have caused causing drastic reductions in economic activity around the world. We present a parsimonious two-country-SIR model with some degree of...
