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Cover Finance & Development
Embracing Identity
Broadly shared identity can be the basis for the sense of shared destiny that is at the core of good politics
Andrés Velasco

What is populism? Economists, unsurprisingly, have defined the phenomenon in exclusively economic terms. The classic definition of populism is “an approach to economics that emphasizes growth and income redistribution and deemphasizes the risks of inflation and deficit finance, external constraints, and the reaction of economic agents to aggressive nonmarket policies” (Dornbusch and Edwards 1991).

Keywords:
FD; F&D; economy; economics; dynamics unfolding; politics; policy solution; identity politics; populist approach; right-wing populism; gas revenue; populist party; Global financial crisis of 2008-2009; Migration; Income distribution; Unemployment; North America
Cover IMF Research Bulletin
IMF Research Bulletin, March 2012
International Monetary Fund. Research Dept.
The research summaries in the March 2012 issue of the IMF Research Bulletin are "Foreign Direct Investment and the Crisis: Is This Time Different?" (by Yuko Kinoshita) and "Food Prices and Inflation" (by James P. Walsh). The Q&A covers seven questions on "Unemployment through the Prism of the Great Recession" (by Prakash Loungani). This issue also launches a new feature "Conversations with Visiting Scholars" with an interview with Tom Sargent, winner of the 2011 Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences. Also included in this issue are details on visiting scholars at the IMF, a listing of recently published IMF Working Papers, and information on the next issue of "IMF Economic Review."
Keywords:
IRB; IMF research bulletin; U.S. Economic Woes; bulletin; headline inflation; EU today; price; IMF research; Policy corner; food price inflation; headline inflation inflation targeting; Foreign direct investment; Inflation; Global financial crisis of 2008-2009; Unemployment; Food prices; Global; Europe; Eastern Europe
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
People’s Republic of China—Hong Kong Special Administrative Region: Selected Issues
International Monetary Fund
This Selected Issues paper examines the economic integration between Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR) and the Mainland of China. Hong Kong SAR’s economic links with the Mainland expanded rapidly in the 1980s and in the first part of the 1990s, with Hong Kong SAR becoming the most important trade and international fundraising center for the Mainland. Since Hong Kong SAR’s return to China’s sovereignty, integration between the two economies has deepened, notwithstanding the Asian crisis.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; Hong Kong SAR; price; deflation; bond market; port service; debt market; manpower survey; Hong Kong price level; Wages; Income inequality; Securities markets; Wage adjustments; Global; Asia and Pacific; Europe
Cover IMF Working Papers
Identifying Structural Reform Gaps in Emerging Europe, the Caucasus, and Central Asia
Mr. Norbert Funke, Asel Isakova, and Maksym Ivanyna
Using data from the World Economic Forum’s Global Competitiveness Report as an example, this paper compares structural indicators for 25 countries in Emerging Europe, the Caucasus, and Central Asia with a generic country with similar charactersitics that is 40 percent richer as well as a country with the average EU income. This comparison suggests that improvements will be particularly crucial in the areas of institutions, financial market development, infrastructure, goods and labor market efficiency and areas related to innovation. For the generally more ambitious goal of reaching average EU income, the reform needs are correspondingly larger. The methodology focuses on (approximate) comparisons between countries and does not try to establish the link between structural reforms and growth. While we test for changes in empirical specifications, caveats relate to the quality of structural indicators, possible non-linearities, and reform complementarities. The approach can be applied to other indicators and at a more granular level.
Keywords:
WP; structural reforms; CESEE; Caucasus; Central Asia; reform gaps; country indicator k; ECA country; reform indicator; better-off country; country knowledge; Personal income; Labor markets; Financial sector development; Global financial crisis of 2008-2009; Global
Cover IMF Working Papers
Intergenerational Transmission of Education in a Developing Country: Evidence from A Mass Education Program in Vietnam
Trung Hoang and Ha Nguyen
We study the long-run and multi-generational effects of a mass education program in Vietnam during the First Indochina War (1946-1954). Difference-in-difference estimations indicate that the children of mothers exposed to the education program had an average of 0.9 more years of education. We argue that the impact is via mother’s education. An additional year of maternal education increases children’s education by up to 0.65 years, a stronger effect than those found in the existing literature. Better household lifestyles and a stronger focus on education are possible transmission pathways.
Keywords:
mass education; human capital transmission; mother education; Vietnam; education program; ha Nguyen; household lifestyle; intergenerational transmission; Labor markets; Income; Women; Insurance; Global
Cover Policy Papers
The Fund's Capacity Development Strategy - Better Policies Through Stronger Institutions - Background Paper
International Monetary Fund
This supplement provides background information on various aspects of capacity development (CD) for the main Board paper, The Fund’s Capacity Development Strategy—Better Policies through Stronger Institutions. It is divided into nine notes or sections, each focused on a different topic covered in the main paper. Section A explores the importance of institutions for growth, and the role the Fund can play in building institutions. Section B presents stylized facts about how the landscape for CD has changed since the late 1990s. Section C discusses the difficulties of analyzing CD data because of measurement issues. Section D provides a longer-term perspective on how Fund CD has responded to member needs. Section E contains information on previous efforts to prioritize CD, assesses Regional Strategy Notes (RSNs) and country pages, and suggests ways to strengthen RSNs, including by using the Fund’s surveillance products. Section F compares the technical assistance (TA) funding model proposed in the 2011
Keywords:
PP; funding model; Fund TA; donor financing; TA department; evaluation instrument; strategy paper; TA delivery; TA priority; TA mission; TA-training synergy; resourced TA demand; evaluation program; TA needs; Personal income; Early warning systems; Employment; Information systems and platforms; Global; Sub-Saharan Africa; Middle East and Central Asia; Africa; Middle East