Jump to Content
Jump to Main Navigation
AREAER Online
IMF.org
Bookstore
IMF Data
MCM Data
Browse
Topics
Business and Economics
Agribusiness
Banks and Banking
Budgeting
Corporate Finance
Corporate Governance
Corporate Taxation
Crowdfunding
Econometrics
Economic Development
Economic Theory
Economics: General
Environmental Economics
Exports and Imports
Finance: General
Financial Risk Management
Forecasting
Foreign Exchange
Globalization
Industries: Automobile
Industries: Energy
Industries: Fashion and Textile
Industries: Financial Services
Industries: Food
Industries: General
Industries: Hospital,Travel and Tourism
Industries: Information Technololgy
Industries: Manufacturing
Industries: Service
Inflation
Information Management
Infrastructure
Insurance
International Economics
International Taxation
Investments: Bonds
Investments: Commodities
Investments: Derivatives
Investments: Energy
Investments: Futures
Investments: General
Investments: Metals
Investments: Mutual Funds
Investments: Options
Investments: Stocks
Islamic Banking and Finance
Labor
Macroeconomics
Money and Monetary Policy
Natural Resource Extraction
Personal Finance -Taxation
Production and Operations Management
Public Finance
Real Estate
Statistics
Sustainable Development
Taxation
Urban and Regional
Computers
Intelligence (AI) & Semantics
Cloud Computing
Computer Science
Data Processing
Data Transmission Systems
Databases
Internet: General
Management Information Systems
Online Safety & Privacy
Web Services & APIs
Web: Social Media
Health and Fitness
Diet and Nutrition
Diseases: Contagious
Diseases: AIDS and HIV
Diseases: Respiratory
Law
Banking
Business and Financial
Medical
Health Policy
Nature
Natural Resources
Environmental Conservation and Protection
Natural Disasters
Political Science
Environmental Policy
Social Services and Welfare
Agriculture & Food Policy
Civics and Citizenship
NGOs (Non-Governmental Organizations)
National and International Security
Political Economy
Science
Energy
Social Science
Women's Studies
Criminology
Demography
Emigration and Immigration
Gender Studies
Poverty and Homelessness
Technology and Engineering
Automation
Inventions
Mobile and Wireless Communications
Transportation
Aviation
Countries
Africa
Angola
Benin
Botswana
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cabo Verde
Cameroon
Central African Republic
Chad
Comoros, Union of the
Congo, Democratic Republic of the
Congo, Republic of
Côte d'Ivoire
Equatorial Guinea, Republic of
Eritrea, The State of
Eswatini, Kingdom of
Ethiopia, The Federal Democratic Republic of
Gabon
Gambia, The
Ghana
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Kenya
Lesotho, Kingdom of
Liberia
Madagascar, Republic of
Malawi
Mali
Mauritius
Mozambique, Republic of
Namibia
Niger
Nigeria
Rwanda
São Tomé and PrÃncipe
Senegal
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
South Africa
South Sudan, Republic of
Tanzania, United Republic of
Togo
Uganda
Zambia
Zimbabwe
Asia and Pacific
Australia
Bangladesh
Bhutan
Brunei Darussalam
Cambodia
China, People's Republic of
Cook Islands
Fiji, Republic of
Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
India
Indonesia
Japan
Kiribati
Korea, Democratic People's Republic of
Korea, Republic of
Lao People's Democratic Republic
Macao Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
Malaysia
Maldives
Marshall Islands, Republic of the
Micronesia, Federated States of
Mongolia
Myanmar
Nauru, Republic of
Nepal
New Zealand
Norfolk Island
Palau, Republic of
Papua New Guinea
Philippines
Samoa
Singapore
Solomon Islands
Sri Lanka
Taiwan, Province of China
Thailand
Timor-Leste, Democratic Republic of
Tokelau
Tonga
Tuvalu
Vanuatu
Vietnam
Europe
land Islands
Albania
Andorra, Principality of
Austria
Belarus, Republic of
Belgium
Bermuda
Bosnia and Herzegovina
British Virgin Islands
Bulgaria
Cayman Islands
Croatia, Republic of
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Denmark
Estonia, Republic of
Faroe Islands
Finland
France
French Guiana
French Polynesia
Germany
Gibraltar
Greece
Greenland
Guernsey
Holy See
Hungary
Iceland
Ireland
Isle of Man
Israel
Italy
Jersey
Kosovo, Republic of
Latvia, Republic of
Liechtenstein
Lithuania, Republic of
Luxembourg
Malta
Mayotte
Moldova, Republic of
Monaco
Montenegro
Netherlands, The
New Caledonia
North Macedonia, Republic of
Norway
Poland, Republic of
Portugal
Romania
Russian Federation
San Marino, Republic of
Serbia, Republic of
Slovak Republic
Slovenia, Republic of
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Türkiye, Republic of
Turks and Caicos Islands
Ukraine
United Kingdom
Wallis and Futuna Islands
Middle East and Central Asia
Afghanistan, Islamic Republic of
Algeria
Armenia, Republic of
Azerbaijan, Republic of
Bahrain, Kingdom of
Djibouti
Egypt, Arab Republic of
Georgia
Iran, Islamic Republic of
Iraq
Jordan
Kazakhstan, Republic of
Kuwait
Kyrgyz Republic
Lebanon
Libya
Mauritania, Islamic Republic of
Morocco
Oman
Pakistan
Qatar
Saudi Arabia
Somalia
Sudan
Syrian Arab Republic
Tajikistan, Republic of
Tunisia
Turkmenistan
United Arab Emirates
Uzbekistan, Republic of
Yemen, Republic of
Western Hemisphere
American Samoa
Anguilla
Antigua and Barbuda
Argentina
Aruba
Bahamas, The
Barbados
Belize
Bolivia
Brazil
Canada
Chile
Colombia
Costa Rica
Cuba
Curacao
Dominica
Dominican Republic
Ecuador
El Salvador
Grenada
Guam
Guatemala
Guyana
Haiti
Honduras
Jamaica
Mexico
Montserrat
Nicaragua
Panama
Paraguay
Peru
Puerto Rico
St. Martin
St. Kitts and Nevis
St. Lucia
St. Vincent and the Grenadines
Suriname
Trinidad and Tobago
United States
Uruguay
Venezuela
Series
Archived Series
Balance of Payments Statistics
Direction of Trade Statistics
Economic Issues
Government Finance Statistics
IMF Policy Discussion Papers
IMF Special Issues
IMF Staff Papers
IMF Staff Position Notes
IMF Survey
International Financial Statistics
Occasional Papers
Pamphlet Series
Seminar Volumes
World Economic and Financial Surveys
Books and Analytical Papers
Books
Departmental Papers
High-Level Summary Technical Assistance Reports
IMF Staff Country Reports
IMF Working Papers
Miscellaneous Publications
Per Jacobsson lecture
Policy Papers
Selected Issues Papers
Technical Assistance Reports
Flagships
External Sector Report
Fiscal Monitor
Global Financial Stability Report
Regional Economic Outlook
World Economic Outlook
Notes and Manuals
Analytical Notes
Fintech Notes
Gender Notes
Global Financial Stability Notes
Glossary
IMF How To Notes
IMF Notes
Manuals & Guides
Spillover Notes
Staff Climate Notes
Staff Discussion Notes
Tax Law Technical Note
Technical Notes and Manuals
Official Reports and Documents
Annual Report of the Executive Board
Articles of Agreement
By Laws, Rules & Regulations
IMF Speeches
Independent Evaluation Office Reports
Selected Decisions
Selected Legal and Institutional Papers Series
Summary Proceedings
Periodicals
Annual Report on Exchange Arrangements and Exchange Restrictions
Finance & Development
IMF Research Bulletin
IMF Research Perspectives
About
About Us
Contact Us
Content Directory
Frequently Asked Questions
IMF eLibrary Startup Guide
Set Up A Personal Account
Resources
Brochures and Posters
Corrections
Essential Reading
IMF Virtual Publications Booth
Metadata
Rights and Permissions
Tools for Authors
Advanced search
Help
Sign in
IMF Sites
IMF.org
Bookstore
AREAER Online
IMF Data
MCM Data
Browse
Topics
Business and Economics
Computers
Health and Fitness
Law
Medical
Nature
Political Science
Science
Social Science
Technology and Engineering
Transportation
Agribusiness
Banks and Banking
Budgeting
Corporate Finance
Corporate Governance
Corporate Taxation
Crowdfunding
Econometrics
Economic Development
Economic Theory
Economics: General
Environmental Economics
Exports and Imports
Finance: General
Financial Risk Management
Forecasting
Foreign Exchange
Globalization
Industries: Automobile
Industries: Energy
Industries: Fashion and Textile
Industries: Financial Services
Industries: Food
Industries: General
Industries: Hospital,Travel and Tourism
Industries: Information Technololgy
Industries: Manufacturing
Industries: Service
Inflation
Information Management
Infrastructure
Insurance
International Economics
International Taxation
Investments: Bonds
Investments: Commodities
Investments: Derivatives
Investments: Energy
Investments: Futures
Investments: General
Investments: Metals
Investments: Mutual Funds
Investments: Options
Investments: Stocks
Islamic Banking and Finance
Labor
Macroeconomics
Money and Monetary Policy
Natural Resource Extraction
Personal Finance -Taxation
Production and Operations Management
Public Finance
Real Estate
Statistics
Sustainable Development
Taxation
Urban and Regional
Intelligence (AI) & Semantics
Cloud Computing
Computer Science
Data Processing
Data Transmission Systems
Databases
Internet: General
Management Information Systems
Online Safety & Privacy
Web Services & APIs
Web: Social Media
Diet and Nutrition
Diseases: Contagious
Diseases: AIDS and HIV
Diseases: Respiratory
Banking
Business and Financial
Health Policy
Natural Resources
Environmental Conservation and Protection
Natural Disasters
Environmental Policy
Social Services and Welfare
Agriculture & Food Policy
Civics and Citizenship
NGOs (Non-Governmental Organizations)
National and International Security
Political Economy
Energy
Women's Studies
Criminology
Demography
Emigration and Immigration
Gender Studies
Poverty and Homelessness
Automation
Inventions
Mobile and Wireless Communications
Aviation
Countries
Africa
Asia and Pacific
Europe
Middle East and Central Asia
Western Hemisphere
Angola
Benin
Botswana
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cabo Verde
Cameroon
Central African Republic
Chad
Comoros, Union of the
Congo, Democratic Republic of the
Congo, Republic of
Côte d'Ivoire
Equatorial Guinea, Republic of
Eritrea, The State of
Eswatini, Kingdom of
Ethiopia, The Federal Democratic Republic of
Gabon
Gambia, The
Ghana
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Kenya
Lesotho, Kingdom of
Liberia
Madagascar, Republic of
Malawi
Mali
Mauritius
Mozambique, Republic of
Namibia
Niger
Nigeria
Rwanda
São Tomé and PrÃncipe
Senegal
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
South Africa
South Sudan, Republic of
Tanzania, United Republic of
Togo
Uganda
Zambia
Zimbabwe
Australia
Bangladesh
Bhutan
Brunei Darussalam
Cambodia
China, People's Republic of
Cook Islands
Fiji, Republic of
Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
India
Indonesia
Japan
Kiribati
Korea, Democratic People's Republic of
Korea, Republic of
Lao People's Democratic Republic
Macao Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
Malaysia
Maldives
Marshall Islands, Republic of the
Micronesia, Federated States of
Mongolia
Myanmar
Nauru, Republic of
Nepal
New Zealand
Norfolk Island
Palau, Republic of
Papua New Guinea
Philippines
Samoa
Singapore
Solomon Islands
Sri Lanka
Taiwan, Province of China
Thailand
Timor-Leste, Democratic Republic of
Tokelau
Tonga
Tuvalu
Vanuatu
Vietnam
land Islands
Albania
Andorra, Principality of
Austria
Belarus, Republic of
Belgium
Bermuda
Bosnia and Herzegovina
British Virgin Islands
Bulgaria
Cayman Islands
Croatia, Republic of
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Denmark
Estonia, Republic of
Faroe Islands
Finland
France
French Guiana
French Polynesia
Germany
Gibraltar
Greece
Greenland
Guernsey
Holy See
Hungary
Iceland
Ireland
Isle of Man
Israel
Italy
Jersey
Kosovo, Republic of
Latvia, Republic of
Liechtenstein
Lithuania, Republic of
Luxembourg
Malta
Mayotte
Moldova, Republic of
Monaco
Montenegro
Netherlands, The
New Caledonia
North Macedonia, Republic of
Norway
Poland, Republic of
Portugal
Romania
Russian Federation
San Marino, Republic of
Serbia, Republic of
Slovak Republic
Slovenia, Republic of
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Türkiye, Republic of
Turks and Caicos Islands
Ukraine
United Kingdom
Wallis and Futuna Islands
Afghanistan, Islamic Republic of
Algeria
Armenia, Republic of
Azerbaijan, Republic of
Bahrain, Kingdom of
Djibouti
Egypt, Arab Republic of
Georgia
Iran, Islamic Republic of
Iraq
Jordan
Kazakhstan, Republic of
Kuwait
Kyrgyz Republic
Lebanon
Libya
Mauritania, Islamic Republic of
Morocco
Oman
Pakistan
Qatar
Saudi Arabia
Somalia
Sudan
Syrian Arab Republic
Tajikistan, Republic of
Tunisia
Turkmenistan
United Arab Emirates
Uzbekistan, Republic of
Yemen, Republic of
American Samoa
Anguilla
Antigua and Barbuda
Argentina
Aruba
Bahamas, The
Barbados
Belize
Bolivia
Brazil
Canada
Chile
Colombia
Costa Rica
Cuba
Curacao
Dominica
Dominican Republic
Ecuador
El Salvador
Grenada
Guam
Guatemala
Guyana
Haiti
Honduras
Jamaica
Mexico
Montserrat
Nicaragua
Panama
Paraguay
Peru
Puerto Rico
St. Martin
St. Kitts and Nevis
St. Lucia
St. Vincent and the Grenadines
Suriname
Trinidad and Tobago
United States
Uruguay
Venezuela
Series
Archived Series
Books and Analytical Papers
Flagships
Notes and Manuals
Official Reports and Documents
Periodicals
Balance of Payments Statistics
Direction of Trade Statistics
Economic Issues
Government Finance Statistics
IMF Policy Discussion Papers
IMF Special Issues
IMF Staff Papers
IMF Staff Position Notes
IMF Survey
International Financial Statistics
Occasional Papers
Pamphlet Series
Seminar Volumes
World Economic and Financial Surveys
Books
Departmental Papers
High-Level Summary Technical Assistance Reports
IMF Staff Country Reports
IMF Working Papers
Miscellaneous Publications
Per Jacobsson lecture
Policy Papers
Selected Issues Papers
Technical Assistance Reports
External Sector Report
Fiscal Monitor
Global Financial Stability Report
Regional Economic Outlook
World Economic Outlook
Analytical Notes
Fintech Notes
Gender Notes
Global Financial Stability Notes
Glossary
IMF How To Notes
IMF Notes
Manuals & Guides
Spillover Notes
Staff Climate Notes
Staff Discussion Notes
Tax Law Technical Note
Technical Notes and Manuals
Annual Report of the Executive Board
Articles of Agreement
By Laws, Rules & Regulations
IMF Speeches
Independent Evaluation Office Reports
Selected Decisions
Selected Legal and Institutional Papers Series
Summary Proceedings
Annual Report on Exchange Arrangements and Exchange Restrictions
Finance & Development
IMF Research Bulletin
IMF Research Perspectives
Resources
Brochures and Posters
Corrections
Essential Reading
IMF Virtual Publications Booth
Metadata
Rights and Permissions
Tools for Authors
About
About Us
Contact Us
Content Directory
Frequently Asked Questions
IMF eLibrary Startup Guide
Set Up A Personal Account
Search
Advanced search
Help
Search within results
Search within results
Narrow Your Choices
Narrow Your Choices
Refine By Type
Journal Article
(102)
Journal Issue
(56)
Chapter
(28)
Book
(2)
Submit
Refine By Countries
Open Section
Africa
(66)
Benin
(2)
Botswana
(17)
Burkina Faso
(4)
Burundi
(1)
Cabo Verde
(1)
Cameroon
(1)
Central African Republic
(1)
Comoros, Union of the
(17)
Congo, Republic of
(1)
Côte d'Ivoire
(5)
Ethiopia, The Federal Democratic Republic of
(2)
Gabon
(3)
Ghana
(3)
Guinea
(1)
Kenya
(3)
Lesotho, Kingdom of
(1)
Liberia
(4)
Malawi
(2)
Mali
(1)
Mauritius
(1)
Namibia
(1)
Niger
(3)
Nigeria
(4)
Rwanda
(20)
Senegal
(2)
Seychelles
(18)
Sierra Leone
(20)
South Africa
(5)
Tanzania, United Republic of
(2)
Togo
(1)
Zambia
(2)
Open Section
Asia and Pacific
(73)
Australia
(2)
Bangladesh
(1)
Bhutan
(1)
Brunei Darussalam
(6)
China, People's Republic of
(7)
Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
(1)
India
(14)
Indonesia
(17)
Japan
(12)
Korea, Republic of
(21)
Malaysia
(5)
Maldives
(1)
Mongolia
(1)
Myanmar
(1)
New Zealand
(1)
Palau, Republic of
(1)
Philippines
(15)
Samoa
(1)
Singapore
(4)
Solomon Islands
(2)
Sri Lanka
(3)
Taiwan, Province of China
(1)
Thailand
(15)
Timor-Leste, Democratic Republic of
(1)
Tonga
(1)
Vietnam
(3)
Open Section
Europe
(55)
Austria
(1)
Belarus, Republic of
(1)
Czech Republic
(1)
Estonia, Republic of
(1)
Finland
(3)
France
(6)
Germany
(1)
Hungary
(1)
Ireland
(4)
Israel
(2)
Italy
(3)
Moldova, Republic of
(2)
Netherlands, The
(1)
Norway
(1)
Russian Federation
(1)
Serbia, Republic of
(5)
Switzerland
(1)
Türkiye, Republic of
(1)
Ukraine
(5)
United Kingdom
(23)
Open Section
Middle East and Central Asia
(27)
Afghanistan, Islamic Republic of
(2)
Bahrain, Kingdom of
(1)
Egypt, Arab Republic of
(1)
Georgia
(10)
Iran, Islamic Republic of
(4)
Jordan
(1)
Kuwait
(3)
Kyrgyz Republic
(1)
Mauritania, Islamic Republic of
(1)
Morocco
(3)
Pakistan
(7)
Qatar
(2)
Saudi Arabia
(1)
Somalia
(2)
Tunisia
(1)
United Arab Emirates
(2)
Open Section
Western Hemisphere
(55)
Argentina
(4)
Bolivia
(1)
Brazil
(8)
Canada
(3)
Chile
(1)
Colombia
(1)
Cuba
(1)
Dominican Republic
(1)
Ecuador
(1)
Haiti
(2)
Honduras
(1)
Jamaica
(2)
Mexico
(8)
Panama
(1)
Paraguay
(1)
St. Kitts and Nevis
(38)
Suriname
(1)
Trinidad and Tobago
(1)
United States
(27)
Uruguay
(1)
Venezuela
(1)
Refine By Topic
Open Section
Business and Economics
(188)
Agribusiness
(3)
Banks and Banking
(12)
Budgeting
(14)
Corporate Finance
(4)
Econometrics
(1)
Economic Development
(188)
Economic Theory
(1)
Economics: General
(2)
Environmental Economics
(4)
Exports and Imports
(45)
Finance: General
(97)
Financial Risk Management
(10)
Foreign Exchange
(23)
Globalization
(1)
Industries: Energy
(23)
Industries: Fashion and Textile
(1)
Industries: Financial Services
(28)
Industries: Hospital,Travel and Tourism
(1)
Industries: Information Technololgy
(19)
Industries: Manufacturing
(2)
Inflation
(9)
Information Management
(1)
Infrastructure
(17)
Insurance
(1)
International Economics
(104)
Investments: Commodities
(3)
Investments: Energy
(26)
Investments: General
(2)
Labor
(13)
Macroeconomics
(77)
Money and Monetary Policy
(82)
Natural Resource Extraction
(2)
Production and Operations Management
(4)
Public Finance
(65)
Statistics
(5)
Sustainable Development
(1)
Taxation
(18)
Urban and Regional
(17)
Open Section
Computers
(2)
Data Transmission Systems
(1)
Databases
(1)
Open Section
Health and Fitness
(2)
Diseases: Contagious
(2)
Open Section
Nature
(4)
Natural Resources
(3)
Natural Disasters
(1)
Open Section
Political Science
(21)
Environmental Policy
(1)
Social Services and Welfare
(11)
Civics and Citizenship
(2)
NGOs (Non-Governmental Organizations)
(1)
Political Economy
(9)
Open Section
Science
(1)
Energy
(1)
Open Section
Social Science
(35)
Criminology
(19)
Demography
(11)
Poverty and Homelessness
(7)
Refine By Series
Open Section
Archived Series
(19)
IMF Staff Papers
(1)
IMF Survey
(18)
Open Section
Books and Analytical Papers
(129)
Books
(30)
Departmental Papers
(1)
IMF Staff Country Reports
(74)
IMF Working Papers
(5)
Policy Papers
(15)
Selected Issues Papers
(2)
Technical Assistance Reports
(2)
Open Section
Periodicals
(40)
Finance & Development
(40)
Refine By Language
English
(183)
French
(5)
Refine By Date
From
2024
2023
2022
2021
2020
2019
2018
2017
2016
2015
2014
2013
2012
2011
2010
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
1991
1990
1989
1988
1987
1986
1985
1984
1983
1982
1981
1980
1979
1978
1977
1976
1975
1974
1973
1972
1971
1970
1969
1968
1967
1966
1965
1964
1963
1962
1961
1960
1959
1958
1957
1956
1955
1954
1953
1952
1951
1950
1949
1948
1947
1946
—
To
2024
2023
2022
2021
2020
2019
2018
2017
2016
2015
2014
2013
2012
2011
2010
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
1991
1990
1989
1988
1987
1986
1985
1984
1983
1982
1981
1980
1979
1978
1977
1976
1975
1974
1973
1972
1971
1970
1969
1968
1967
1966
1965
1964
1963
1962
1961
1960
1959
1958
1957
1956
1955
1954
1953
1952
1951
1950
1949
1948
1947
1946
Submit
Refine By IMF Taxonomy
Open Section
Cross-cutting issues
(170)
Development
(164)
Education
(11)
Environment
(10)
Health
(9)
International organization
(103)
Population and demographics
(11)
Poverty
(12)
Technology
(7)
Open Section
Economic theory and methods
(32)
Cross country analysis
(18)
Econometric analysis
(1)
Economic and financial statistics
(4)
Political economy
(11)
Regional economics
(17)
Open Section
External sector
(52)
Balance of payments
(11)
Economic integration
(3)
External debt
(16)
External position
(1)
Foreign aid
(11)
Foreign exchange
(10)
Globalization
(1)
International trade
(13)
Open Section
Financial and monetary sector
(136)
Asset and liability management
(61)
Central banks
(3)
Financial crises
(6)
Financial institutions
(12)
Financial markets
(21)
Financial regulation and supervision
(2)
Financial sector policy and analysis
(4)
Financial services
(3)
Monetary policy
(68)
Money
(26)
Open Section
Fiscal sector
(75)
Expenditure
(24)
Fiscal policy
(10)
Public debt
(14)
Public financial management (PFM)
(43)
Revenue administration
(12)
Tax policy
(2)
Taxes
(3)
Open Section
Real sector
(91)
Commodities
(29)
Economic growth
(2)
Economic sectors
(36)
Labor
(33)
Macrostructural analysis
(5)
National accounts
(21)
Prices
(9)
Production
(4)
Refine By JEL Taxonomy
Open Section
Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics?Environmental and Ecological Economics
(39)
Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics: General
(2)
Agriculture: General
(5)
Alternative Energy Sources
(1)
Climate; Natural Disasters and Their Management; Global Warming
(3)
Energy: Demand and Supply; Prices
(3)
Energy: General
(26)
Environmental Economics: Generale
(2)
Environmental Economics: Government Policy
(1)
Hydrocarbon Resources
(5)
Nonrenewable Resources and Conservation: General
(2)
Renewable Resources and Conservation: Water
(1)
Open Section
Business Administration and Business Economics?Marketing?Accounting?Personnel Economics
(20)
Auditing
(17)
IT Management
(1)
Open Section
Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth
(174)
Comparative Studies of Countries
(1)
Development Planning and Policy: General
(63)
Development Planning and Policy: Trade Policy; Factor Movement; Foreign Exchange Policy
(2)
Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth
(17)
Economic Development: General
(1)
Economic Development: Urban, Rural, Regional, and Transportation Analysis; Housing; Infrastructure
(3)
Economic Growth and Aggregate Productivity: General
(2)
Formal and Informal Sectors; Shadow Economy; Institutional Arrangements
(2)
Industrialization; Manufacturing and Service Industries; Choice of Technology
(10)
Innovation; Research and Development; Technological Change; Intellectual Property Rights: General
(3)
Planning Models; Planning Policy
(84)
Technological Change: Choices and Consequences; Diffusion Processes
(2)
Open Section
Economic Systems
(11)
Political Economy
(11)
Open Section
Financial Economics
(92)
Banks; Depository Institutions; Micro Finance Institutions; Mortgages
(12)
Financial Crises
(1)
Financial Institutions and Services: General
(19)
Financial Institutions and Services: Government Policy and Regulation
(4)
Financing Policy; Financial Risk and Risk Management; Capital and Ownership Structure; Value of Firms; Goodwill
(1)
General Financial Markets: General (includes Measurement and Data)
(17)
General Financial Markets: Government Policy and Regulation
(6)
Insurance; Insurance Companies; Actuarial Studies
(1)
Investment Banking; Venture Capital; Brokerage; Ratings and Ratings Agencies
(1)
Pension Funds; Non-bank Financial Institutions; Financial Instruments; Institutional Investors
(2)
Portfolio Choice; Investment Decisions
(58)
Open Section
Health, Education, and Welfare
(23)
Education: General
(11)
Government Policy; Provision and Effects of Welfare Program
(11)
Health Behavior
(2)
Health: General
(7)
Welfare, Well-Being, and Poverty: General
(7)
Open Section
Industrial Organization
(34)
Comparison of Public and Private Enterprises and Nonprofit Institutions; Privatization; Contracting Out
(1)
Industrial Organization and Macroeconomics: Industrial Structure and Structural Change; Industrial Price Indices
(1)
Industry Studies: Manufacturing: General
(2)
Industry Studies: Primary Products and Construction: General
(3)
Industry Studies: Transportation and Utilities: General
(8)
Metals and Metal Products; Cement; Glass; Ceramics
(1)
Nonprofit Institutions; NGOs; Social Entrepreneurship
(1)
Nonprofit Organizations and Public Enterprise: General
(2)
Other Consumer Nondurables: Clothing, Textiles, Shoes, and Leather Goods; Household Goods; Sports Equipment
(1)
Public Enterprises; Public-Private Enterprises
(5)
Sports; Gambling; Restaurants; Recreation; Tourism
(1)
Open Section
International Economics
(123)
Current Account Adjustment; Short-term Capital Movements
(7)
Empirical Studies of Trade
(2)
Financial Aspects of Economic Integration
(3)
Foreign Aid
(11)
Foreign Exchange
(11)
Globalization: General
(1)
International Agreements and Observance; International Organizations
(103)
International Investment; Long-term Capital Movements
(5)
International Lending and Debt Problems
(18)
International Policy Coordination and Transmission
(2)
Remittances
(1)
Trade Policy; International Trade Organizations
(8)
Trade: General
(8)
Open Section
Labor and Demographic Economics
(136)
Demographic Economics: General
(9)
Demographic Trends, Macroeconomic Effects, and Forecasts
(2)
Human Capital; Skills; Occupational Choice; Labor Productivity
(5)
Labor Demand
(2)
Labor Economics Policies
(3)
Labor Economics: General
(21)
Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs: General
(1)
Open Section
Law and Economics
(22)
Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law
(20)
Open Section
Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics
(114)
Aggregate Factor Income Distribution
(6)
Central Banks and Their Policies
(1)
Employment; Unemployment; Wages; Intergenerational Income Distribution; Aggregate Human Capital; Aggregate Labor Productivity
(2)
Financial Markets and the Macroeconomy
(2)
Fiscal Policy
(13)
General Aggregative Models: General
(3)
Informal Economy; Underground Econom
(2)
Institutions and the Macroeconomy
(6)
Interest Rates: Determination, Term Structure, and Effects
(3)
Investment; Capital; Intangible Capital; Capacity
(11)
Macroeconomics: Consumption; Saving; Wealth
(3)
Macroeconomics: Production
(3)
Monetary Policy
(71)
Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit: General
(13)
Monetary Systems; Standards; Regimes; Government and the Monetary System; Payment Systems
(21)
Policy Objectives; Policy Designs and Consistency; Policy Coordination
(1)
Price Level; Inflation; Deflation
(8)
Open Section
Mathematical and Quantitative Methods
(6)
Data Collection and Data Estimation Methodology; Computer Programs: General
(1)
Data Collection and Data Estimation Methodology; Computer Programs: Other
(4)
Econometric Modeling: General
(1)
Econometric and Statistical Methods: General
(1)
Methodology for Collecting, Estimating, and Organizing Macroeconomic Data; Data Access
(1)
Open Section
Microeconomics
(20)
Allocative Efficiency; Cost-Benefit Analysis
(1)
Bureaucracy; Administrative Processes in Public Organizations; Corruption
(17)
Personal Income, Wealth, and Their Distributions
(1)
Production; Cost; Capital and Total Factor Productivity; Capacity
(1)
Open Section
Public Economics
(81)
Debt; Debt Management; Sovereign Debt
(16)
Forecasts of Budgets, Deficits, and Debt
(1)
National Budget; Budget Systems
(14)
National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: General
(44)
National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: Infrastructures; Other Public Investment and Capital Stock
(7)
Public Administration; Public Sector Accounting and Audits
(2)
Social Security and Public Pensions
(1)
Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue: General
(27)
Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics
(9)
Refine by LOC Taxonomy
Open Section
Commerce
(35)
Auditing
(17)
Business enterprises
(2)
Commercial policy
(4)
Exports
(8)
Imports
(1)
International economic integration
(2)
International organization
(1)
International trade
(1)
Monetary unions
(3)
Tariff
(3)
Open Section
Communities; Classes; Races
(2)
Urbanization
(1)
Open Section
Economic History and Conditions
(13)
Poverty
(13)
Open Section
Economic Theory; Demography
(73)
Consumption; Economics
(3)
Econometric models
(1)
Econometrics
(1)
Economics
(12)
Income
(6)
Income distribution
(1)
Macroeconomics
(5)
Population
(11)
Balance of payments
(7)
Data transmission systems
(1)
Economic statistics
(2)
Finance; Statistics
(3)
National income
(3)
Public investments
(7)
Price indexes
(1)
Price regulation
(17)
Open Section
Education
(34)
Education
(11)
Open Section
Environment Sciences
(10)
Climatic changes
(2)
Environmental policy
(1)
Environmental sciences
(2)
Natural disasters
(1)
Natural resources
(2)
Renewable energy sources
(1)
Sustainable development
(1)
Water-supply
(1)
Open Section
Finance
(176)
Asset requirements
(1)
Banks and banking
(5)
Capital investments
(2)
Capital market
(15)
Capital movements
(3)
Commodity exchanges
(1)
Credit
(11)
Currency crises
(2)
Debts, External
(18)
Development banks
(2)
Financial crises
(1)
Financial risk management
(1)
Financial services industry
(23)
Foreign exchange
(10)
Foreign exchange market
(1)
Foreign exchange reserves
(2)
Going public; Securities
(1)
Insurance
(1)
Interest rates
(3)
International finance
(36)
Investments, Foreign
(1)
Liquidity; Economics
(57)
Loans
(7)
Monetary policy
(68)
Money
(1)
Money supply
(1)
Mortgages
(1)
Prices
(10)
Saving and investment
(18)
Sovereign wealth funds
(1)
Open Section
Industries; Land Use; Labor
(177)
Agricultural industries
(3)
Economic development
(146)
Employment; Economic theory
(1)
Farm produce
(3)
Gas industry
(5)
Government business enterprises
(2)
Human capital
(5)
Industrial capacity
(2)
Industrial productivity
(2)
Industrialization
(10)
Informal sector; Economics
(2)
Job creation
(1)
Labor economics
(21)
Manpower policy
(1)
Manufacturing industries
(2)
Mineral industries
(3)
Occupational training
(2)
Pensions
(1)
Petroleum industry and trade
(26)
Privatization
(1)
Public-private sector cooperation
(4)
Self-employed
(1)
Textile industry
(1)
Crisis management
(3)
Open Section
International relation
(105)
Economic assistance
(1)
Economic policy; nternational cooperation
(1)
Globalization
(1)
International agencies
(104)
International cooperation
(1)
International relief
(11)
Non-governmental organizations
(1)
Law
(22)
Mathematics
(2)
Mining engineering. Metallurgy
(1)
Open Section
Political Institutions and Public Administration
(2)
Civil service
(2)
Open Section
Political theory
(2)
Civil society
(2)
Open Section
Public Finance
(79)
Budget
(14)
Customs administration
(1)
Debts, Public
(15)
Finance, Public
(33)
Fiscal policy
(13)
Revenue
(13)
Tax administration and procedure
(3)
Tax incentives
(13)
Open Section
Public aspects of medicine
(30)
Communicable diseases
(2)
Health
(7)
Debt service
(2)
Expenditures, Public
(19)
Open Section
Social pathology; Social and public welfare; Criminology
(20)
Corruption
(17)
Money laundering
(20)
Open Section
Technology
(8)
Financial services industry; Technological innovations
(3)
Information resources management
(1)
Information technology
(1)
Technology
(3)
Refine By THEMA Taxonomy
Open Section
Business and Management
(16)
Budgeting & financial management
(14)
Knowledge management
(1)
Privatization
(1)
Public ownership; nationalization
(2)
Open Section
Computing and Information Technology
(6)
Computer science
(1)
Data capture & analysis
(2)
Distributed ledgers
(3)
Open Section
Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment
(9)
Climate change
(1)
Environmental management
(4)
Environmental policy & protocols
(1)
Natural disasters
(1)
Population & migration geography
(2)
Open Section
Economics
(188)
Agricultural economics
(2)
Development economics & emerging economies
(169)
Econometrics & economic statistics
(6)