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Cover IMF Notes
Digital Interventions in the Health Sector: Country Cases and Policy Discussions
Carolina Bloch and Lucy Xiaolu Wang
Keywords:
Health; digitalization; social spending; public policy
Cover IMF Notes
Front Matter
Carolina Bloch and Lucy Xiaolu Wang
Keywords:
Health; digitalization; social spending; public policy
Cover IMF Notes
Digital Interventions in the Health Sector: Country Cases and Policy Discussions
Carolina Bloch and Lucy Xiaolu Wang
This note discusses, through selected country case studies, how digital health records and telemedicine can improve delivery quality, access to underserved populations, and resource utilization in healthcare. In addition, it shows how digital disease surveillance tools can identify outbreaks and track the spread of diseases, while novel digital platforms can facilitate patent licensing and international pooled procurements for better drug access in developing countries. Ensuring safe and well-regulated collection and use of healthcare data, as well as facilitating standardization and interoperability of digital infrastructure in different sectors is critical for the success of these interventions.
Keywords:
Health; digitalization; social spending; public policy
Cover IMF Notes
Fiscal Revenue Mobilization and Digitally Traded Products: Taxing at the Border or Behind It?
Tibor Hanappi, Adam Jakubik, and Michele Ruta
Keywords:
Digital trade; trade in services; tax policy
Cover IMF Notes
Front Matter
Tibor Hanappi, Adam Jakubik, and Michele Ruta
Keywords:
Digital trade; trade in services; tax policy
Cover IMF Notes
Fiscal Revenue Mobilization and Digitally Traded Products: Taxing at the Border or Behind It?
Tibor Hanappi, Adam Jakubik, and Michele Ruta
Digitalization has the potential to bring great economic benefits, but it is also creating new challenges. This note focuses on trade in digitized products, its fiscal revenue implications, and the appropriate role for domestic and border tax instruments in this context. As digitized trade increases, in part replacing physical trade, developing countries that rely on tariff revenue to support fiscal capacity will face the difficult question of how best to tax these new trade flows and maintain fiscal balances. This note shows that, independently of the future trajectory of trade in digitized products, broad-based nondiscriminatory value-added taxes are preferrable to tariffs both from an economic efficiency and from a revenue standpoint. These taxes are also easier to implement and administer. In this context, the World Trade Organization (WTO) moratorium on customs duties on electronic transmission can help to effectively channel developing countries’ tax reform efforts in a more efficient direction. This transition would require further investment by the global community in modernizing the tax and customs infrastructure of developing countries to adequately meet revenue needs in the digital era.
Keywords:
Digital trade; trade in services; tax policy
Cover IMF Notes
Front Matter
Arthur Silve and Mariano Moszoro
Keywords:
GovTech; citizen-oriented digitalization; modernization; accountability; personal data; private providers; market power
Cover IMF Notes
The Political Economy of GovTech
Arthur Silve and Mariano Moszoro
The digitalization of public services, known as GovTech, can disrupt traditional mechanisms to promote economic development (for example, financial inclusion, education, and health care), improve the delivery of public services, and expedite development objectives. For GovTech to be successful in enhancing the public sector's efficiency, transparency, and inclusiveness, its design and implementation require that private interests be aligned with the overarching goal of a “citizen-oriented” digitalization. Because the interests of the state and private providers are often antagonistic, the social dividends from GovTech remain contingent on implementing the appropriate market structure through adequate property rights and regulatory oversight.
Keywords:
GovTech; citizen-oriented digitalization; modernization; accountability; personal data; private providers; market power
Cover IMF Notes
The Political Economy of GovTech
Arthur Silve and Mariano Moszoro
Keywords:
GovTech; citizen-oriented digitalization; modernization; accountability; personal data; private providers; market power
Cover IMF Notes
Front Matter
Mr. Bjoern Rother, Mr. Sebastian Sosa, Majdi Debbich, Chiara Castrovillari, and Ervin Prifti
Keywords:
Food insecurity; Russia’s war in Ukraine; global inflation; terms of trade shock; international cooperation; open trade; vulnerable households; agricultural production; IMF lending; IMF policy advice; capacity development