In recent decades, countries around the world have liberalized the interest rate and portfolio restrictions that had been adopted during the Great Depression and immediately following World War II, and moved instead to rely more on a system of prudential regulation and supervision. Gradually, however, bank supervision has grown more intrusive and discretionary. In the United States, hardly a bastion of a socialist approach to government intervention, about two dozen supervisors report to work daily in their offices—at Citibank. And surveys of bankers recently reveal that the cost of regulatory compliance for the first time is their most important concern.
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