14 Foreign Aid and Revenue Response: Does the Composition of Aid Matter?
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Sanjeev Gupta
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Abstract

The debate on the effectiveness of foreign aid has revolved for some time around the relative efficiency of loans versus grants. Since the early 1960s, an often-repeated view has been that loans are used more efficiently than grants because they are expected to be repaid. Furthermore, the need for repayment motivates governments to select projects or programs whose benefits exceed costs (see Schmidt, 1964). Therefore, concessional loans are better for meeting the objectives underlying development assistance (see Singer, 1961).

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The Role of Fiscal Policy
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