The payment process consists of clearing—the transfer of payment instructions—and settlement—the transfer of value associated with a payment. When the value being transferred takes the form of deposit money in banks, the performance of back-office accounting becomes an important part of the payment process and is a crucial factor determining who has the benefit of the value being transferred at any instant in time. In an ideal payment system, processing and related accounting should result in the payor’s account being debited and the payee’s account being credited at the same time.
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