Abstract

In thinking about payment systems developments, consider an inverted triangle. The central bank is at the bottom. Resting on the central bank are the accounts of depository institutions, investment banks, securities firms, and perhaps others. At the top are participants in the financial markets. In the first part of this paper, I will discuss the transfer of securities and of funds. The second part is an overview of the risk-reduction program in the payment systems in the United States.

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