Performance under programs is difficult to assess insofar as the assessment depends on the yardstick selected. Guitián (1981) discusses the problem in detail, focusing on three yardsticks: (1) the performance that would have been achieved without a program; (2) the performance in the previous year or series of previous years; and (3) the targets of the programs.
de Larosière, J., “Economic Adjustment in the Developing Countries and the Industrial Countries: The Need for Complementarity,” IMF Survey, International Monetary Fund Washington Vol. 11 (April 5, 1982), pp. 97 –102.
de Larosière, J., “The International Monetary System and the Developing Countries,” IMF Survey, International Monetary Fund (Washington), Vol. 11 (November 29, 1982), pp. 377 –380.
de Larosière, J., “The International Monetary Fund and the Developing Countries,” IMF Survey, International Monetary Fund (Washington), Vol. 12 (March 7, 1983), pp. 73 –75.
Gold, Joseph, Conditionality, IMF Pamphlet Series, No. 31 (Washington: International Monetary Fund, 1979).
Guitián, Manuel, Fund Conditionality, Evolution of Principles and Practices, IMF Pamphlet Series, No. 38 (Washington: International Monetary Fund, 1981).
Helleiner, Gerald K., The IMF and Africa in the 1980s, Essays in International Finance, No. 152 (Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University, 1983).
Hooke, A.W., The International Monetary Fund, Its Evolution, Organization, and Activities, IMF Pamphlet Series, No. 37 (Washington: International Monetary Fund, 2nd ed., 1982).
International Monetary Fund, World Economic Outlook, Occasional Paper Series, No. 9 (Washington: International Monetary Fund, 1982).
Kanesa-Thasan, S., “The Fund and Adjustment Policies in Africa,” Finance and Development, International Monetary Fund and World Bank (Washington), Vol. 18, No. 3 (September 1981), pp. 20 –24.
Makalou, Oumar B., “The Sahel Countries: Some Macro-economic Issues,” lecture, Club du Sahel Seminar on Recurrent Expenditures, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, January 1982; summarized in IMF Survey, International Monetary Fund (Washington), Vol. 11 (February 22, 1982), pp. 50 –55.
Makalou, Oumar B., “Fund Conditionality and Economic Growth,” lecture, the University of Montreal, Canada, February 8, 1983.
Nsouli, S.M., “The Role of the Fund in Financing and Adjustment with Particular Reference to the Sahel Countries,” lecture, Club du Sahel Seminar on Recurrent Expenditures, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, January 1982; summarized in IMF Survey, International Monetary Fund (Washington), Vol. 11 (February 22, 1982), pp. 50 –55.
Nsouli, S.M., and Y. Ishiyama, “The Relative Income Costs of Balance of Payments Adjustment through Monetary and Fiscal Policies” (unpublished, International Monetary Fund, 1979).
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