10.1 External debt statistics can be compiled from a variety of sources, using a range of methods. Statistics can be collected from the debtor, from the creditor, or indirectly through information from financial intermediaries in the form of surveys, regulatory reports, and/or from other government administrative records. But a precondition for reliable and timely statistics is that the country has a strong and well-organized institutional setting for the compilation of statistics on public debt—so that all public and publicly guaranteed debt is well monitored and managed—and private debt, and for the compilation of aggregate external debt statistics. 1 To this end, the institutional setting should ensure that: (1) the responsibility for collecting, processing, and disseminating the statistics is clearly specified; (2) data sharing and coordination among data-producing agencies are adequate; (3) individual reporters’ data are kept confidential and used for statistical purposes only; and (4) statistical reporting is supported through legal mandate and/or measures to encourage response.
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Bank for International Settlements, Commonwealth Secretariat, Eurostat, International Monetary Fund, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Paris Club Secretariat, United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, and World Bank, 2003, External Debt Statistics: Guide for Compilers and Users (Washington).
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European Commission, International Monetary Fund, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, United Nations, and World Bank, 2009, System of National Accounts 2008 (New York).
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Eurostat, 2011, European Statistics Code of Practice, (Luxembourg).
Eurostat, 2013, European System of Accounts: ESA 2010 (forthcoming, Luxembourg).
Financial Stability Board and International Monetary Fund, 2009, The Financial Crisis and Information Gaps.
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Group of Twenty-Two Countries, 1998, Report of the Working Group on Transparency and Accountability (Basel, Switzerland: Bank for International Settlements).
International Monetary Fund, annual, Balance of Payments Statistics Yearbook (Washington).
International Monetary Fund, monthly, International Financial Statistics (Washington).
International Monetary Fund, 1992, Report on the Measurement of International Capital Flows (Washington).
International Monetary Fund, 1996, Balance of Payments Textbook (Washington).
International Monetary Fund, 2000, Monetary and Financial Statistics Manual (Washington).
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New Zealand, Department of Finance, annual, Budget Economic and Fiscal Update (Wellington).
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Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development annual, Geographical Distribution of Financial Flows to Developing Countries (Paris).
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