29. In May 2010, the IMF Executive Board approved a decision to provide exceptional access financing to Greece without seeking a restructuring of Greece’s sovereign debt, in circumstances where the debt could not be “deemed sustainable with a high probability.” Thus, the Board was required to change one of the criteria under the IMF’s policy governing exceptional access, by introducing what became known as the systemic exemption clause (see below). This decision had implications beyond Greece, as the systemic exemption clause was invoked again in the cases of exceptional access support for Ireland and Portugal. This section assesses separately the decision to provide exceptional access financing to Greece and the decision to amend the exceptional access framework.
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Blanchard, Olivier, 2015, “Greece: Past Critiques and the Path Forward,” IMFdirect, July 20.
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Boorman, Jack, 2016, “The IMF and the Crises in Greece, Ireland, and Portugal: An Evaluation by the Independent Evaluation Office—Summary of Views of the Advisory Group,” IEO Background Paper No. BP/16-02/01 (Washington: International Monetary Fund).
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De Las Casas, Miguel, 2016, “The IMF Executive Board and the Euro Area Crisis—Accountability, Legitimacy, and Governance,” IEO Background Paper No. BP/16-02/02 (Washington: International Monetary Fund).
Dhar, Sanjay, and Shinji Takagi, 2016, “IMF Surveillance of the Euro Area: From Conception Through Crisis,” IEO Background Paper No. BP/16-02/03 (Washington: International Monetary Fund).
Donnan, Shawn, 2015, “IMF’s Lagarde Shows Tough Love to Greece over Bailout,” Financial Times, February 26.
Donovan, Donal, 2016, “The IMF’s Role in Ireland,” IEO Background Paper No. BP/16-02/04 (Washington: International Monetary Fund).
Donovan, Donal, and Antoin E. Murphy, 2013, The Fall of the Celtic Tiger: Ireland and the Euro Debt Crisis (Oxford: Oxford University Press).
Eichenbaum, Martin, Sergio Rebelo, and Carlos de Resende, 2016, “The Portuguese Crisis and the IMF,” IEO Background Paper No. BP/16-02/05 (Washington: International Monetary Fund).
El-Erian, Mohamed A., 2015, “IMF Gets Smart about a Third Greek Bailout,” Bloomberg, July 31.
European Central Bank (ECB), Task Force on IMF Issues of the International Relations Committee of the European System of Central Banks, 2015, “IMF Surveillance in Europe,” ECB Occasional Paper Series No. 158 (Frankfurt).
European Commission (EC), Directorate-General for Economic and Financial Affairs, 2006, “Adjustment Dynamics in the Euro Area—Experiences and Challenges” European Economy 6 (Brussels).
European Court of Auditors (ECA), 2015a, “Financial Assistance Provided to Countries in Difficulties,” Special Report No. 18 (Luxembourg).
European Court of Auditors (ECA), 2015b, “More Attention to Results Needed to Improve the Delivery of Technical Assistance to Greece,” Special Report No. 19 (Luxembourg).
Evans-Pritchard, Ambrose, 2015, “IMF Has Betrayed Its Mission in Greece, Captive to EMU Creditors,” The Telegraph, June 5.
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Forelle, Charles, and Marcus Walker, 2011, “Dithering at the Top Turned EU Crisis to Global Threat,” Wall Street Journal, December 29.
Garber, Peter M., 1998, “Notes on the Role of TARGET in a Stage III Crisis,” NBER Working Paper No. 6619 (Cambridge, Massachusetts: National Bureau of Economic Research).
Garber, Peter M., 1999, “The TARGET Mechanism: Will It Propagate or Stifle a Stage III Crisis?” Carnegie-Rochester Conference Series on Public Policy, Vol. 51, pp. 195−220.
Gros, Daniel, 2015, “The Eurozone Crisis and Foreign Debt,” in The Eurozone Crisis: A Consensus View of the Causes and a Few Possible Solutions, ed. by Richard Baldwin and Francesco Giavazzi, VoxEU.org Book (London: CEPR Press).
Gros, Daniel, and Cinzia Alcidi, 2010, “Is Greece Different? Adjustment Difficulties in Southern Europe,” VOX, April 22.
Gulati, Mitu, and Lee C. Buchheit, 2010, “How to Restructure Greek Debt,” Duke Law Working Paper 47, May 7 (Durham, North Carolina: Duke University).
Hope, Kerin, and David Oakley, 2010, “Greek Roadshow Hopes to Reassure Investors,” Financial Times, September 14.
Independent Evaluation Office (IEO), 2002, Evaluation of Prolonged Use of IMF Resources (Washington: International Monetary Fund).
Independent Evaluation Office (IEO), 2003, The IMF and Recent Capital Account Crises (Washington: International Monetary Fund).
Independent Evaluation Office (IEO), 2004, The IMF and Argentina, 1991–2001 (Washington: International Monetary Fund).
Independent Evaluation Office (IEO), 2007a, IMF Exchange Rate Policy Advice (Washington: International Monetary Fund).
Independent Evaluation Office (IEO), 2007b, Structural Conditionality in IMF-Supported Programs (Washington: International Monetary Fund).
Independent Evaluation Office (IEO), 2008, Governance of the IMF: An Evaluation (Washington: International Monetary Fund).
Independent Evaluation Office (IEO), 2011, IMF Performance in the Run-Up to the Financial and Economic Crisis: IMF Surveillance in 2004–07 (Washington: International Monetary Fund).
Independent Evaluation Office (IEO), 2014a, IMF Forecasts: Process, Quality, and Country Perspectives (Washington: International Monetary Fund).
Independent Evaluation Office (IEO), 2014b, Recurring Issues from a Decade of Evaluation: Lessons for the IMF (Washington: International Monetary Fund).
Independent Evaluation Office (IEO), 2014c, IMF Response to the Financial and Economic Crisis (Washington: International Monetary Fund).
Independent Evaluation Office (IEO), 2015, Self-Evaluation at the IMF: An IEO Assessment (Washington: International Monetary Fund).
Independent Evaluation Office (IEO), 2016, Behind the Scenes with Data at the IMF: An IEO Evaluation (Washington: International Monetary Fund).
International Monetary and Financial Committee (IMFC), 2011, “Communiqué of the Twenty-Third Meeting of the International Monetary and Financial Committee of the Board of Governors of the International Monetary Fund,” April 16 (Washington).
International Monetary Fund (IMF), 1993, “Minutes of Executive Board Meeting 93/15,” January 29 (Washington).
International Monetary Fund (IMF), 1994a, “Common Policy Issues of the CFA Franc Countries,” July 29 (Washington).
International Monetary Fund (IMF), 1994b, “Precautionary Arrangements, Enhanced Surveillance, and Program Monitoring,” December 16 (Washington).
International Monetary Fund (IMF), 1997, “EMU and the World Economy,” Chapter III in World Economic Outlook, World Economic and Financial Surveys, October (Washington).
International Monetary Fund (IMF), 1998, “EMU and the Fund—Use of Fund Resources and Use of Euros in the Fund’s Operational Budget-Preliminary Considerations,” August (Washington).
International Monetary Fund (IMF), 2001, “Strengthening Country Ownership of Fund-Supported Programs,” December (Washington).
International Monetary Fund (IMF), 2002a, “Access Policy in Capital Account Crises,” July 30 (Washington).
International Monetary Fund (IMF), 2002b, “Guidelines on Conditionality,” September 25 (Washington).
International Monetary Fund (IMF), 2002c, “Portugal: 2001 Article IV Consultation—Staff Report and Public Information Notice on Executive Board Discussion,” IMF Country Report No. 02/90 (Washington).
International Monetary Fund (IMF), 2003a, “The Acting Chair’s Summing Up—Review of Access Policy Under the Credit Tranches and the Extended Fund Facility, and Access Policy in Capital Account Crises—Modifications to the Supplemental Reserve Facility and Follow-Up Issues Related to Exceptional Access Policy, Executive Board Meeting 03/16,” February 26 (Washington).
International Monetary Fund (IMF), 2003b, “IMF Concludes Discussion on Access Policy in the Context of Capital Account Crises; and Review of Access Policies in the Credit Tranches and the Extended Fund Facility,” Public Information Notice No. 03/37, March 21 (Washington).
International Monetary Fund (IMF), 2008, “Greece: 2007 Article IV Consultation—Staff Report; Staff Supplement; Public Information Notice on the Executive Board Discussion; and Statement by the Executive Director for Greece,” IMF Country Report No. 08/148 (Washington).
International Monetary Fund (IMF), 2010a, “Ex Post Evaluations of Exceptional Access Arrangements—Revised Guidance Note,” March 1 (Washington).
International Monetary Fund (IMF), 2010b, “Statement by IMF Managing Director Dominique Strauss-Kahn on Greece,” Press Release 10/143, April 11 (Washington).
International Monetary Fund (IMF), 2010c, “IMF Reaches Staff-Level Agreement with Greece on €30 Billion Stand-By Arrangement,” Press Release 10/176, May 2 (Washington).
International Monetary Fund (IMF), 2010d, “Greece: Staff Report on Request for Stand-By Arrangement,” IMF Country Report No. 10/110 (Washington).
International Monetary Fund (IMF), 2010e, “Greece—Request for Stand-By Arrangement; Rule I-1 Report on Breach of Obligations Under Article VIII, Section 5 of the Articles of Agreement,” EBM/10/45-1, May 9 (Washington).
International Monetary Fund (IMF), 2011a, “Strengthening the International Monetary System: Taking Stock and Looking Ahead,” March 23 (Washington).
International Monetary Fund (IMF), 2011b, Fiscal Monitor: Addressing Fiscal Challenges to Reduce Economic Risks, September (Washington).
International Monetary Fund (IMF), 2011c, “IMF Executive Board Discusses Modernizing Fiscal Policy Framework and Public Debt Sustainability Analysis,” Public Information Notice No. 11/118, September 12 (Washington).
International Monetary Fund (IMF), 2011d, “Greece: Fifth Review under the Stand-By Arrangement, Rephasing and Request for Waivers of Nonobservance of Performance Criteria; Press Release on the Executive Board Discussion; and Statement by the Executive Director for Greece,” IMF Country Report No. 11/351 (Washington).
International Monetary Fund (IMF), 2012a, “Global Prospects and Policies,” in World Economic Outlook: Coping with High Debt and Sluggish Growth, World Economic and Financial Surveys, October (Washington).
International Monetary Fund (IMF), 2012b, “The Acting Chair’s Summing Up—Review of Conditionality, Executive Board Meeting 12/84,” September 5 (Washington).
International Monetary Fund (IMF), 2012c, “IMF Executive Board Concludes Discussion of 2011 Review of Conditionality,” Public Information Notice No. 12/109, September 17 (Washington).
International Monetary Fund (IMF), 2013a, “Stocktaking the Fund’s Engagement with Regional Financing Arrangements,” April (Washington).
International Monetary Fund (IMF), 2013b, “Sovereign Debt Restructuring—Recent Developments and Implications for the Fund’s Legal and Policy Framework,” April (Washington).
International Monetary Fund (IMF), 2013c, “Greece: Ex Post Evaluation of Exceptional Access under the 2010 Stand-By Arrangement,” IMF Country Report No. 13/156 (Washington).
International Monetary Fund (IMF), 2013d, “Staff Guidance Note for Public Debt Sustainability in Market Access Countries,” May (Washington).
International Monetary Fund (IMF), 2014a, “Revised Operational Guidance to IMF Staff on the 2002 Conditionality Guidelines,” July (Washington).
International Monetary Fund (IMF), 2014b, “IMF Executive Board Discusses the Fund’s Lending Framework and Sovereign Debt,” Press Release No. 14/294, June 20 (Washington).
International Monetary Fund (IMF), 2014c, “The Chairman’s Summing Up: IMF Response to the Financial and Economic Crisis—An IEO Assessment,” October 28 (Washington).
International Monetary Fund (IMF), 2015a, “Ireland: Ex Post Evaluation of Exceptional Access under the 2010 Extended Arrangement,” IMF Country Report No. 15/20 (Washington).
International Monetary Fund (IMF), 2015b, “The Acting Chair’s Summing Up: Independent Evaluation Office—Self-Evaluation at the IMF, An IEO Assessment; Executive Board Meeting 15/89,” September (Washington).
International Monetary Fund (IMF), 2015c, “Crisis Program Review,” November (Washington).
International Monetary Fund (IMF), 2015d, “IMF Executive Board Concludes Review of Fund-Supported Programs during Global Financial Crisis,” Press Release No.15/563, December 16 (Washington).
International Monetary Fund (IMF), 2016, “IMF Executive Board Approves Exceptional Access Lending Framework Reforms,” Press Release No. 16/31, January 29 (Washington).
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