Abstract

It is important not only to recognize that there are no clear-cut, systematic results from the current research on the effects of expanded trade but also to follow through the close reasoning as to why it is so difficult to isolate effects in this area. The lack of a clear “message” from these estimates is probably a reflection of the situation in the real economy—namely that there are no clear-cut, systematic effects from trade. Rather than getting involved in the technicalities (which are already very complicated), what I will do in the short time I have is to make a few comments on each of the preceding presentations.