A long with the rise in portfolio capital inflows, developing countries have experienced a surge in foreign direct investment inflows during the 1990s. Like portfolio capital, these inflows have gone to a relatively small number of countries in Latin America and Asia. Their sharp rise is in part explained by factors that are likely to exert an influence over a limited period of time, such as the privatization of government assets or the rebalancing of asset holdings in response to economic reforms in developing countries. Although foreign direct investment is often perceived as a relatively stable source of financing, a review of experience in the 1980s of a sample of highly indebted developing countries suggests a more cautious view. When balance of payments difficulties are encountered, the net impact of all transactions associated with foreign direct investment (including both current and capital account transactions) may serve to exacerbate external imbalances.
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