VI Changing Structures of Commercial Bank Lending
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International Monetary Fund
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Abstract

In contrast to the resurgence of flows through securities markets, commercial bank lending to most developing countries, especially those which have had debt-servicing difficulties, has remained limited in recent years. In the main, it continues to be concentrated on more secure, transactions-based business, such as trade and project financing. While short-term trade finance has by its nature been a relatively safe business, medium- and long-term trade and project financing has increasingly been structured in nontraditional forms to provide additional security. This so-called structured finance has aimed to shift more of the financing risk from the lenders to other parties, through an application of a variety of techniques, including collateralization, securitization, innovative uses of export credit agency guarantees, and cofinancing involvement with multilateral agencies.

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