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Abstract
Minerals (other than petroleum) are an important source of export earnings and taxation revenue in a wide range of countries. For example, world exports of selected major mineral commodities were valued at US$448 billion in 2006 comprising coal (11 percent), ores and concentrates (24 percent) and metals (65 percent) (see Table 5.1). Nearly half of world exports of these commodities were sourced from developing economies: 60 percent for ores and concentrates, 46 percent for metals and 45 percent for coal. Mineral taxation revenue accounts for a significant share of total fiscal revenue in several countries: most notably, over the period 2000–2005, this share was 62.5 percent in Botswana, 17.9 percent in Papua New Guinea, 17.8 percent in Guinea, 9.4 percent in Chile, 8.2 percent in Mongolia and 5.9 percent in Namibia (IMF 2007).
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