1 Introduction
Author:
International Monetary Fund
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Abstract

There is big money in oil, gas, and minerals – big not only in absolute terms but also, and more importantly, relative to the overall size of many resource-endowed countries. Upfront investment costs are commonly huge, as are the potential rewards (and losses). How all this gets shared between the governments that control access to the resources and those who discover and exploit them-that is, how these resources are taxed – can have a powerful impact on the economic and political fate of resource-rich countries.

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